CN113956047A - 一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料及其制备方法，所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料由重量配比如下的各组分混合，中温烘干，高温烧结制备而成：粘结相100份；吸波填料50‑200份；分散剂5‑20份；有机粘结剂10‑50份。本发明还公开了一种超高耐温雷达波吸收结构，将各组分混合后涂刷在耐高温基材表面后和基材一起干燥、烧结附着在基材表面，冷却后形成一层能吸收电磁波的涂层。本发明超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，具有耐超高温、耐低温、耐辐射性、耐候性、耐腐蚀的特点，解决了一般高分子树脂作为粘结作用的涂料型吸波材料耐温不超过高分子树脂本身的缺点，具有电磁屏蔽及电磁杂波吸收性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸波材料技术，尤其涉及一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
雷达隐身和抗干扰是电子战的重要内容，以争夺频谱使用权和控制权的战争已成为继陆、海、空、天战场之后的第五战场。目前世界范围内正经历一场军事革命，电子战是现代化战中的一种特殊作战方式，由于电子信息技术设备被广泛应用于作战的各个领域，因此交战双方争夺频谱使用权和控制权的斗争非常激烈。这种斗争表现为侦察与反侦察、电子干扰与防干拢、电子摧毁与反摧毁的斗争。隐身实质上是反侦察；电子干扰是有意识地发射、转发或发射特定性能的电磁波，以扰乱欺骗和压制敌方军事电子信息系统和武器制战装备。隐身技术是应用目标和外形设计、复合机都已装备和正在装备先进的电子战系统，材料、表面涂覆或其他措施来减少在被探测具备较强的自卫电子战能力。现有吸波材料通常采用环氧树脂等高分子树脂作为粘结材料，耐温普遍在200-300摄氏度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对现有雷达波吸收材料高温下高频吸波性能不足的问题，提出一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，具有耐超高温、耐低温、耐辐射性、耐候性、耐腐蚀的特点，解决了一般高分子树脂作为粘结作用的涂料型吸波材料耐温不超过高分子树脂本身的缺点，具有电磁屏蔽及电磁杂波吸收性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，由重量配比如下的各组分混合，中温烘干，高温烧结制备而成：
所述中温烘干温度为180-200摄氏度，高温烧结温度为800-1800摄氏度(高于粘结相的熔点)，优选所述高温烧结温度为1200-1800摄氏度。
进一步地，所述粘结相为粒径1-10微米的耐高温(800摄氏度-1650摄氏度)粉体。
进一步地，所述粘结相包括但不限于硅酸钠、硅酸钙、硅酸镁和二氧化硅中的一种或多种的混合。
进一步地，所述吸波填料为粒径0.5-2微米的耐高温的金属、合金或者金属化合物。
进一步地，所述吸波填料包括但不限于金、银、镍、钨、氧化钌、碳化硅和二硅化钼中的一种或多种的混合。
进一步地，所述分散剂为BYK-110、BYK-163、BYK-104中的一种或多种的混合。
进一步地，所述有机粘结剂包括95～97％wt松油醇和3～5％wt乙基纤维素。
进一步地，所述超高耐温雷达波吸波材料呈角锥型、乳突型、片状或瓦状。
本发明的另一个目的还公开了一种超高耐温雷达波吸收结构，将重量配比如下的各组分混合，将混合物涂刷在耐高温基材表面后与基材一起干燥、烧结，使混合物附着在基材表面，混合物的涂刷厚度为1-2毫米，冷却后形成一层能吸收电磁波的涂层；
本发明的另一个目的还公开了一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、按照重量配比将乙基纤维素缓慢加入松油醇中充分搅拌溶解，制得透明有机粘结剂；
S2、将粘结相、吸波粉体、分散剂和有机粘结剂按重量配比混合，用真空分散机进行搅拌，制得糊状混合物后取出置于容器中待用；
S3、将糊状混合物倒在各种设计的模具中；
S4、将模具置于烤箱或者烘炉中干燥，温度为180-200摄氏度，时间为20-60分钟；
S5、将干燥后成型的吸波体取出，置于高温窑，烧结成型，温度为800-1800摄氏度，时间为0.5-2小时。
本发明超高耐温雷达波吸收材料采用中温烘干，高温烧结后冷却成成型工艺，与现有技术相比较具有以下优点：
1)本发明的一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料具有耐高温、耐低温、耐辐射性、耐侯性的特点；参考玻璃耐高低温，低温为-100摄氏度，高温为低于粘结相的熔点，最高为1500摄氏度。
2)本发明的一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料具有雷达波吸收及抗电磁杂波干扰性能，亦可作为电磁波吸收层作用于基材表面，为机械设备耐高温区域或者其他需要耐高温雷达隐身和抗电磁干扰的提供良好的解决方案。
3)本发明超高耐温雷达波吸收材料为需要防雷达探测或者需要抗电磁干扰且耐温高的设备或者机械提供良好的解决方案。可在耐高温吸波材料的技术领域广泛推广。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进一步说明：
实施例1
本实施例公开了一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，包括以下重量份物质：
硅酸钠：100份；
氧化钌：50份；
碳化硅：50份；
BYK-163：5份；
有机粘结剂：100份；
所述硅酸钠的粒径1微米；所述氧化钌、碳化硅的粒径为5微米，所述BYK为市场通用比克公司所生产的BYK-163，有机粘结剂为松油醇95％，乙基纤维素5％。
制备上述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料的方法，具有如下步骤：
S1、将乙基纤维素缓慢加入松油醇中充分搅拌溶解，制得透明有机粘结剂；
S2、将所述硅酸钠、所述氧化钌、碳化硅、所述BYK-163和所述有机粘结剂按所述重量分用真空分散机进行搅拌，制得混合均匀的糊状混合物后取出置于容器中待用；
S3、将所述混合物倒在各种设计的模具中；
S4、将模具置于烤箱或者烘炉中，温度为200℃，干燥；
S5、将S4中干燥后成型的吸波体取出，置于高温窑，1100摄氏度烧结1小时成型。
结果：烧结冷却成型后，试样为厚度为1mm的吸波平板，吸波体体积电阻为5000Ω/□，在30GHz-34.6GHz内的垂直入射反射率优于-10dB，-10dB带宽4.6GHz，在32.6GHz可达-19dB。
实施例2
本实施例公开了一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，包括以下重量份物质：
二氧化硅：100份；
银：10份；
钨：200份；
BYK-163：5份；
有机粘结剂：100份；
所述二氧化硅的粒径1微米；所述银、钨的粒径为5微米，所述BYK为市场通用比克公司所生产的BYK-163，有机粘结剂为松油醇95％，乙基纤维素5％。
制备上述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料的方法，具有如下步骤：
S1、将乙基纤维素缓慢加入松油醇中充分搅拌溶解，制得透明有机粘结剂；
S2、将所述二氧化硅、所述银、钨、所述BYK-163和所述有机粘结剂按所述重量分用真空分散机进行搅拌，制得混合均匀的糊状混合物后取出置于容器中待用；
S3、将所述混合物倒在各种设计的模具中；
S4、将模具置于烤箱或者烘炉中，温度为200℃，干燥；
S5、将S4中干燥后成型的吸波体取出，置于高温窑，1800摄氏度烧结1小时成型。
结果：烧结冷却成型后，试样为厚度1mm的吸波平板，吸波体体积电阻为600Ω/□，在11.2GHz-13.6GHz内的垂直入射反射率优于-10dB，-10dB带宽2.4GHz，在12.4GHz可达-25.3dB。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，由重量配比如下的各组分混合，中温烘干，高温烧结制备而成：
所述中温烘干温度为180-200摄氏度，高温烧结温度为800-1800摄氏度。
2.根据权利要求1所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述粘结相为粒径1-10微米的耐高温粉体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述粘结相包括但不限于硅酸钠、硅酸钙、硅酸镁和二氧化硅中的一种或多种的混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述吸波填料为粒径0.5-2微米的耐高温的金属、合金或者金属化合物。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述吸波填料包括但不限于金、银、镍、钨、氧化钌、碳化硅和二硅化钼中的一种或多种的混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述分散剂为BYK-110、BYK-163、BYK-104中的一种或多种的混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述有机粘结剂包括95～97％wt松油醇和3～5％wt乙基纤维素。
8.根据权利要求1所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料，其特征在于，所述超高耐温雷达波吸波材料呈角锥型、乳突型、片状或瓦状。
9.一种超高耐温雷达波吸收结构，其特征在于，将重量配比如下的各组分混合，将混合物涂刷在耐高温基材表面后与基材一起干燥、烧结，使混合物附着在基材表面，混合物的涂刷厚度为1-2毫米，冷却后形成一层能吸收电磁波的涂层；
10.一种权利要求1-8任意一项所述超高耐温雷达波吸收材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、按照重量配比将乙基纤维素缓慢加入松油醇中充分搅拌溶解，制得透明有机粘结剂；
S2、将粘结相、吸波粉体、分散剂和有机粘结剂按重量配比混合，用真空分散机进行搅拌，制得糊状混合物后取出置于容器中待用；
S3、将糊状混合物倒在各种设计的模具中；
S4、将模具置于烤箱或者烘炉中干燥，温度为180-200摄氏度，时间为20-60分钟；
S5、将干燥后成型的吸波体取出，置于高温窑，烧结成型，温度为800-1800摄氏度，时间为0.5-2小时。
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