CN113951278A - 过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004042 HAuCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LMDAGMAWWYVRJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CCO LMDAGMAWWYVRJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- -1 Transition metal modified ZnO Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 8
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- XYYVDQWGDNRQDA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorogold;trihydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl.Cl[Au](Cl)Cl XYYVDQWGDNRQDA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002256 photodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料、制备方法及应用,属于能源环境和光催化材料领域,具体为通过在锌盐的醇溶液中加入不同过渡金属原料,然后滴加氢氧化钠的醇溶液与之反应,最后得到的混合液倒入反应釜中恒温反应,经过洗涤干燥后得到过渡金属改性ZnO纳米材料。过渡金属单质或离子的改性能够明显拓宽ZnO的可见光吸收范围和抑制光生电子‑空穴对的复合,进而提高材料的光催化抗菌性能。本发明采用一步溶剂热法,通过控制反应条件可制备~10 nm的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料。整个制备过程简单,使本方法具有实际应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于能源环境和光催化材料领域,具体涉及一种过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
病原微生物污染对人类生活以及社会发展带来了很大的困扰。由大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)污染食品所导致的病例更是层出不穷。基于防治病原微生物污染而新兴起的半导体光催化杀菌技术广泛引起了人们的注意。相比于传统杀菌技术,纳米半导体光催化剂在适当波长的光激发下,能生成光生电子和空穴对,迁移到半导体表面的光生电子和空穴可以和环境中的水、氧气等反应产生羟基自由基等活性氧物质,可以有效杀灭病原微生物,且不会对环境产生二次污染。纳米氧化锌(ZnO)作为光催化剂中的佼佼者已在市场上取得瞩目的成就,它具有良好的生物相容性、稳定性和杀菌性,且耗能低、无毒,在农业、医药及环境等领域具有良好的应用前景。然而由于ZnO对可见光响应的效果差,易发生光生电子与空穴复合的情况等,极大程度上限制了纳米材料的应用领域,因此对ZnO进行改性来克服自身缺陷,提高其光催化活性。
金属的修饰或者掺杂是提高ZnO光催化性能的一种优良方法,一方面因为一些金属单质(Au、Pd和Cu等)自身具有表面等离子体共振(SPR)效应,在增强可见光吸收的同时降低光生电子和空穴的复合速率;另一方面部分金属可以掺杂到ZnO晶格中,从而减小ZnO的带隙,拓宽可见光吸收范围。目前,制备金属修饰/掺杂纳米ZnO的方法主要有溶胶-凝胶法、化学气相沉积、光沉积法、磁控溅射等。然后上述方法大多需要两步完成,并且制备工艺较为复杂,成本较高。因此,有必要探索简便易行的方法合成金属改性ZnO纳米材料,以实现其在抗菌领域的实际应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对纯ZnO宽禁带宽度导致的低吸收范围和电子-空穴易复合导致的催化效率等两大突出缺点,本发明提供一种过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料的制备方法,利用简便的方法改善ZnO这一性质,即低温一步溶剂热法合成,该方法不需要高温,操作简便,成本较低,制得的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料在可见光下能有效杀灭细菌。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将过渡金属原料加入锌盐的乙醇溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解得到溶液A;
(2)将氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液加入溶液A中搅拌混匀得到溶液B;
(3)将溶液B置于反应釜中在温度60-120℃下恒温反应2-6 h,得到沉淀物;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的沉淀物用乙醇和水洗涤,干燥后得到过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的过渡金属原料包括HAuCl4•3H2O、PdCl2或CuCl2;锌盐为ZnCl2或Zn(NO3)2。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中锌盐的乙醇溶液的摩尔浓度为0.05~0.3 mol/L。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中过渡金属原料与锌盐的物质的量之比为1:5~1:100。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中NaOH与锌盐的物质的量之比为4:1~2:1。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h。
利用本发明所述的制备方法制得的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料。
本发明所述的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料在光催化抗菌中的应用。
本发明设计原理如下:利用过渡金属原料(如:HAuCl4•3H2O、PdCl2、CuCl2等)与锌盐在醇溶剂环境中反应,再将含NaOH的醇溶剂滴入上述混合溶液中,通过低温溶剂热的方法制备一系列过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料。
本发明具有如下的优点以及技术效果:
1. 本发明利用过渡金属改性拓宽ZnO的可见光吸收范围和抑制光生电子-空穴的复合,提高材料光催化抗菌效率。
2. 本发明通过一步溶剂的方法,制备一系列过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料,操作简单,易于控制。
3. 本发明制备的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料在可见光下能有效杀灭细菌。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1、2制备的ZnO和Au/ZnO的XRD谱图;
图2为本发明实施例2制备的Au/ZnO的TEM照片;
图3为本发明实施例1、2制备的ZnO和Au/ZnO的紫外-可见漫反射谱图;
图4为本发明实施例1、2制备的ZnO和Au/ZnO的光催化杀灭大肠杆菌曲线;
图5为本发明实施例3制备的Pd/ZnO的光催化杀灭大肠杆菌曲线;
图6为本发明实施例4制备的Cu/ZnO的光催化杀灭大肠杆菌曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明做进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
取两个烧杯,分别加入30 mL的无水乙醇,在其中一个烧杯中加入0.15 mol/L的氯化锌(ZnCl2),搅拌至全溶,得到混合溶液A;在另一个烧杯中加入NaOH,NaOH与氯化锌的物质的量之比为2:1,当NaOH全部溶解到乙醇中时,记作溶液B;将B溶液逐滴加到A溶液中,充分混匀后得到溶液C,再将溶液C转移到100 mL的聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,80℃反应4 h。待反应结束,冷却至室温,倒掉上清,用离心机8000 rpm离心6 min,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤样品,60℃烘干后研磨,得到纯ZnO样品。
实施例2
本实施例过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料的制备方法如下:
取两个烧杯,分别加入30 mL的无水乙醇,在其中一个烧杯中先加入0.05mol/L的氯化锌(ZnCl2),再加入三水氯金酸(HAuCl4•3H2O),三水氯金酸与氯化锌的物质的量之比为1:5,搅拌至全溶,得到混合溶液A;在另一个烧杯中加入NaOH,NaOH与氯化锌的物质的量之比为2:1,当NaOH全部溶解到乙醇中时,记作溶液B;将B溶液逐滴加到A溶液中,充分混匀后得到溶液C,再将溶液C转移到100 mL的聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,80℃反应4 h。待反应结束,冷却至室温,倒掉上清,用离心机8000 rpm离心6 min,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤样品,60℃烘干后研磨,得到Au/ZnO样品。
采用德国Bruker公司D8 Advance型X射线衍射仪对得到的Au/ZnO样品进行XRD分析。如图1所示为样品的XRD谱图,XRD谱图显示样品为六方纤锌矿ZnO(JCPDS No.36-1451)和Au单质(JCPDS No.04-0784)的复合材料。采用日本电子2100型透射电子显微镜观察得到样品的形貌结构,如图2所示为样品的TEM照片,结果表明ZnO形貌为10~30 nm的纳米颗粒,且表面负载了Au纳米粒子,粒径为5~15 nm。此外,通过测量晶格条纹可知,晶面间距为0.28nm和0.23 nm的晶格条纹分别对应于ZnO的(100)晶面和Au单质的(111)晶面。
采用日本日立公司U-3900H紫外-可见固体漫反射仪器对样品光学性质进行分析,如图3所示。结果表明,Au/ZnO样品在400-800 nm波长范围内显示出良好的可见光吸收, 这是由于Au单质的表面等离子体共振引起的。
采用北京泊菲莱科技有限公司的氙灯光源进行可见光光催化实验,如图4所示制备的Au/ZnO材料在可见光照射5h后使大肠杆菌数量降低了4个数量级,其抗菌效果远高于纯ZnO材料。实验结果表明,本发明制备的Au/ZnO纳米复合材料是一种具有宽光谱响应和高活性的新型光催化抗菌材料。
实施例3
本实施例过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料的制备方法如下:
取两个烧杯,分别加入30 mL的无水乙醇,在其中一个烧杯中先加入0.1mol/L的硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2),再加入氯化钯(PdCl2),氯化钯与硝酸锌的物质的量之比为1:50,搅拌至全溶,得到混合溶液A;在另一个烧杯中加入NaOH,NaOH与硝酸锌的物质的量之比为3:1,当NaOH全部溶解到乙醇中时,记作溶液B;将B溶液逐滴加到A溶液中,充分混匀后得到溶液C,再将溶液C转移到100 mL的聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,120℃反应2 h。待反应结束,冷却至室温,倒掉上清,用离心机8000 rpm离心6 min,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤样品,60℃烘干后研磨,得到Pd/ZnO样品。图5的光催化抗菌实验表明,该样品在可见光下具有很好的杀灭大肠杆菌效果。
实施例4
本实施例过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料的制备方法如下:
取两个烧杯,分别加入30 mL的无水乙醇,在其中一个烧杯中先加入0.3mol/L的氯化锌(ZnCl2),再加入氯化铜(CuCl2•2H2O),氯化铜与氯化锌的物质的量之比为1:100,搅拌至全溶,得到混合溶液A;在另一个烧杯中加入NaOH,NaOH与氯化锌的物质的量之比为4:1,当NaOH全部溶解到乙醇中时,记作溶液B;将B溶液逐滴加到A溶液中,充分混匀后得到溶液C,再将溶液C转移到100 mL的聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,60℃反应6 h。待反应结束,冷却至室温,倒掉上清,用离心机8000 rpm离心6 min,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤样品,60℃烘干后研磨,得到Cu/ZnO样品。图6的光催化抗菌实验表明,该样品在可见光下具有很好的杀灭大肠杆菌效果。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (8)
1.一种过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将过渡金属原料加入锌盐的乙醇溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解得到溶液A;
(2)将氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液加入溶液A中搅拌混匀得到溶液B;
(3)将溶液B置于反应釜中在温度60-120℃下恒温反应2-6 h,得到沉淀物;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的沉淀物用乙醇和水洗涤,干燥后得到过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的过渡金属原料包括HAuCl4•3H2O、PdCl2或CuCl2;锌盐为ZnCl2或Zn(NO3)2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中锌盐的乙醇溶液的摩尔浓度为0.05~0.3 mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中过渡金属原料与锌盐的物质的量之比为1:5~1:100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中NaOH与锌盐的物质的量之比为4:1~2:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4h。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的制备方法制得的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的过渡金属改性ZnO抗菌材料在光催化抗菌中的应用。
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