CN113951022A - Method for preventing and treating root diseases of hickory - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating root diseases of hickory Download PDFInfo
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- CN113951022A CN113951022A CN202111225366.5A CN202111225366A CN113951022A CN 113951022 A CN113951022 A CN 113951022A CN 202111225366 A CN202111225366 A CN 202111225366A CN 113951022 A CN113951022 A CN 113951022A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
A method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of the roots of hickory belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of diseases and pests of nursery stocks, and comprises the following steps: dividing the disease of the root of the hickory into three stages according to the disease severity; loosening the soil; spraying or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; and (5) solarizing the soil. The method has the advantages of practicability and wide activity range, and compared with a biological treatment method, the method often shows consistent performance in agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling pest control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling a hickory root disease.
Background
Hickory (scientific name: Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is a plant of the genus hickory of the family juglandaceae. The root of the hickory nut is rotten and is a common disease of the hickory nut. The roots of the hickory trees are rotten and can cause dead trees in severe cases, so that the trees with disease symptoms need to be diagnosed and treated, and meanwhile, the trees without symptoms need to be prevented.
In order to solve the technical problem of root rot of the hickory, a proper medicament needs to be found, how the medicament reaches the focus needs to be researched, the long-time sterilization effect is kept, and meanwhile, the growth of the root system of the hickory is promoted. The principle of disease control is as follows: extremely toxic and high-residue pesticide cannot be used, so that the pesticide residue of the hickory nut exceeds the standard. The control method comprises biological control, physical control and chemical control.
The local experts consider that the soil acidification is caused, and the results are not ideal after large-scale soil acid regulation treatment in recent years. The disease caused by the pathogenic bacteria is considered by the pathologist, the disease should be treated by the medicament, the treatment method is to spray the aqueous solution of the bactericide on the soil surface, and the effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating the root diseases of the hickory nuts.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
The method for preventing and treating the root diseases of the hickory nuts comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing the pecan tree into three stages according to the disease severity, wherein the classification standard is as follows:
the first stage, basically no disease is caused, the leaves are dark green, and the prevention by using medicaments is needed; go to step S2;
the second stage, the disease is incipient, leaves are yellow, root systems begin to decay, branches do not show dead branches, and the treatment by medicaments is needed; go to step S3;
third, more than moderate disease occurs, leaves are withered and yellow, a tree body is withered and dead, more than one branch is left, the root system is seriously rotted, and aggravation medicament treatment is needed; go to step S4;
step S2, aiming at the first-stage root diseases, the following method is adopted:
step S2a, loosening the soil;
s2b, pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune commander and Wohan fortune;
step S2c, sun-drying soil;
step S3, aiming at the second stage root disease, the following method is adopted:
step S3a, loosening the soil;
s3b, pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, fertile family and phosphorous acid;
step S3c, sun-drying soil;
step S4, aiming at the third-level root diseases, the following method is adopted:
step S4a, loosening the soil;
s4b, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, fertile family and phosphorous acid;
and step S4c, sun-drying the soil.
Further, the loosening in step S2a, step S3a, and step S4a is specifically as follows: loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
Further, the fertilizer and pesticide mixture liquid in step S2b is prepared as follows: mixing 30-50 ml of California plus 10-20 ml of California, adding 15-20 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer-pesticide mixed solution.
Further, the fertilizer and pesticide mixture liquid in step S3b is prepared as follows: mixing 40-80 ml of California fujiafu and 15-45 ml of California fufu, adding 3-6 g of phosphorous acid, adding 25-35 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Further, the fertilizer and pesticide mixture liquid preparation process in step S4b is as follows: mixing 90-100 ml of Calofulea and 30-50 ml of Calofulea, adding 5-8 g of phosphorous acid, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Further, the concrete contents of pouring or pouring in the steps S2b, S3b and S4b are as follows: pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree; or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
Further, in the step S2c, the step S3c and the step S4c, covering a transparent polyethylene film on the tree trunk which is 1.5 to 2 meters outward, recording the soil temperature once at 12 to 15 points every day, turning over and pushing once every 3 to 5 days, and re-coating a film after turning over and pushing; when the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film; if the soil temperature is higher than 60 ℃, removing the polyethylene film, and covering the film again before 9 am on the first sunny day later.
Further, after the step S2c, the step S3c and the step S4c, the following steps are added, 3-5 holes are drilled in the soil layer within 0.5 m around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, 1 g of nutgall powder is scattered into each hole, and then the holes are covered with soil.
The invention has the following advantages:
this scheme adopts fertile medicine an organic whole to use, and the selection of fertile medicine is suitable, accomplishes to disinfect and disinfects and adjusts sour promotion root system growth. According to the method, the problem that the root rot of the hickory needs to be solved is found to be solved by using both the medicament and the fertilizer, so that the single mode of only adopting sterilization or soil acidity regulation in the traditional scheme is changed. In addition, in the scheme, Wojiafu is selected as the fertilizer, so that the fertilizer has the efficacy of regulating acid and avoids the use of other chemical acid regulating agents.
According to the scheme, phosphorous acid is added in the fertilizer, the number of pathogens in plants is reduced, the disease severity is reduced, and the treatment success rate is improved.
According to the scheme, soil is used for solarization, so that decomposition of pesticide and fertilizer is facilitated, the whole period is shortened, meanwhile, thermal death of pathogens is caused, and the treatment success rate is increased.
According to the scheme, the pecan trees are graded according to the disease severity, and corresponding treatment means are provided, so that the practicability is increased.
According to the scheme, the soil is planed to expose the focus, the water is sprayed in a large amount, and the fertilizer mixture fully irrigates the root.
According to the scheme, the Chinese gall powder is still used after the treatment is successful, and a good prevention effect on relapse is achieved.
The method has the advantages of practicability and wide activity range, and compared with a biological treatment method, the method often shows consistent performance in agriculture.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
The method has the advantages that two factors of hickory nut death, soil acidification and germ infection are possible, the effect of sterilization and soil acid regulation is not ideal by only using one method, the problem that hickory nut root rot needs to be solved under the condition that both a medicament and a fertilizer are needed, on the aspect of medicament selection, fushuai with wide sterilization spectrum, long lasting period and poor leaching solubility in soil is found, and alginic acid fertilizer Woljiafu with the functions of regulating acid, promoting rooting, relieving pesticide damage, improving stress resistance and the like is selected as the fertilizer.
The method for preventing and treating the root diseases of the hickory nuts comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing the pecan tree into three stages according to the disease severity, wherein the classification standard is as follows:
the first stage, basically no disease is caused, the leaves are dark green, and the prevention by using medicaments is needed; go to step S2;
the second stage, the disease is incipient, leaves are yellow, root systems begin to decay, branches do not show dead branches, and the treatment by medicaments is needed; go to step S3;
third, more than moderate disease occurs, leaves are withered and yellow, a tree body is withered and dead, more than one branch is left, the root system is seriously rotted, and aggravation medicament treatment is needed; go to step S4.
Step S2, aiming at the first-stage root diseases, the following method is adopted:
and step S2a, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
S2b, pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune commander and Wohan fortune.
Mixing 30-50 ml of California plus 10-20 ml of California, adding 15-20 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer-pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And step S2c, sun-drying the soil. Covering the tree trunk with a transparent polyethylene film 1.5-2 meters outwards, recording the soil temperature once at 12-15 points every day, turning over and pushing once every 3-5 days, and covering the film again after turning over and pushing. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film. If the soil temperature is higher than 60 ℃, removing the polyethylene film, and covering the film again before 9 am on the first sunny day later.
And S2d, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Step S3, aiming at the second stage root disease, the following method is adopted:
and step S3a, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
S3b, pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, Wolfu and phosphorous acid.
Mixing 40-80 ml of California fujiafu and 15-45 ml of California fufu, adding 3-6 g of phosphorous acid, adding 25-35 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And step S3c, sun-drying the soil. 1.5-2 m of the tree trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, and the temperature of the soil is recorded at 12-15 points every day. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film.
And S3d, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Step S4, aiming at the third-level root diseases, the following method is adopted:
and step S4a, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
S4b, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, Wolfu and phosphorous acid.
Mixing 90-100 ml of Calofulea and 30-50 ml of Calofulea, adding 5-8 g of phosphorous acid, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And step S4c, sun-drying the soil. 1.5-2 m of the tree trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, and the temperature of the soil is recorded at 12-15 points every day. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film.
And S4d, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Experiments show that the pathogenic bacteria causing the hickory to suffer from the root rot disease are inoculated, and the incidence rate of the root rot disease is reduced from 100 percent to 0 percent by the method in an outdoor test field.
The mode of recording the soil temperature can adopt that a thermometer is inserted in the soil with the depth of 0.5cm, or an infrared thermometer is adopted to measure the surface temperature of the soil temperature. In the case of the indoor test, the soil temperature showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing. The increasing reason is that the medical fertilizer generates heat in the process of decomposition, absorption and digestion. The maximum temperature of the soil temperature may be around 55 ℃. The decrease of the soil temperature indicates that the medical fertilizer is decomposed. The entire process takes approximately 3 weeks. When the fertilizer is outdoors, the temperature of the soil is raised due to the sunshine of the soil, which is beneficial to the decomposition of the fertilizer and shortens the whole period. However, since outdoor weather conditions are not controllable, the outdoor weather conditions are easily affected by rainy days and sunny days, and the temperature drops sharply at night, the effective days are preferably 15 to 20 days in order to ensure the degree of thoroughly decomposing the medical fertilizers.
The sun exposure of the soil mainly influences the rise of the temperature of the soil. Experiments show that the sun exposure can improve the soil temperature by 3-18 ℃. Although hot death of pathogens requires soil temperatures above 50 ℃, studies have shown that pathogens are considered "sub-dead" when the soil temperature is between 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ and if this temperature is maintained for a long period of time, the soil-borne pathogens can be killed. Experiments show that the hickory nut is inoculated to cause the hickory nut to suffer from the root rot, and the incidence rate of the root rot is reduced from 100 percent to 12.5 percent by the sun exposure of soil in a greenhouse laboratory; if the soil is exposed to sunlight for a prolonged period of time (e.g. more than 3 weeks) in the summer sun, the incidence of root rot will be 0.
Phosphorous acid, which reduces the number of pathogens in plants, reduces the severity of the disease, has a higher chemical stability in plants, releases phosphite ions upon dissociation, and functions according to the following principle: firstly, it activates the immune defense system of the plant itself, and the pathogens absorb and accumulate phosphite ions, and then the plant can protect itself through defense reaction to kill pathogens; secondly, phosphite ions have a long-term inhibitory effect on oomycetes. Phosphorous acid cargo number 13598-36-2 was purchased from Shandong Laya chemical Co., Ltd, and the content was 99%.
Forskolin (500 g/L suspending agent) is a fluazinam product produced by Nippon stone Seiko, and fluazinam is the only mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler and has no cross resistance with the existing medicament. By acting on ATP synthetase, the association of oxidation and phosphorylation is released at the tail end of respiratory chain, electrochemical potential energy accumulated by electron transfer is consumed to the maximum extent, and the sterilization speed and activity are ahead of those of similar compounds.
Wojiafu, purchased from Baishida, India, is a high-bioactivity nutrient extracted from Norwegian sea algae, mainly becomes high-bioactivity microorganism bacteria (Biozyme) and plant hormones, can promote division of root cells and accelerate growth of root systems, and improves the absorption and utilization rate of soil fertilizers.
Galla chinensis powder is prepared from Chinese medicinal Galla chinensis viscous powder. Experiments show that the Chinese gall powder has a prevention effect on the hickory root rot. The experiment group 1 is pretreated by nutgall powder, and then pathogenic bacteria are inoculated, wherein the morbidity is 33.3%; the incidence of Chinese walnuts infected with root rot in the experimental group 2 treated by the Chinese gall powder is 100%; the incidence of disease of the untreated control group 1 reached 100%; the incidence of control 2 treated with a commercial fungicide (oxadixyl) was 91.7%. The experiment shows that if the Chinese gall powder is advanced, pathogenic bacteria are inoculated, so that the occurrence of root rot can be effectively prevented. If pathogenic bacteria invade the root, the disease cannot be prevented from progressing. In field experiments, the prevention effect of the Chinese gall powder is similar to that of certain chemical agents, the incidence rate of the hickory root rot is 52%, and the incidence rate of the untreated control group 1 is 64%; the incidence of control 2 treated with a commercially available fungicide (oxadixyl) was 60%, and no significant preventive effect was exhibited, and it was seen that it had no inhibitory effect on pachychia spores in the soil. The procedure for this outdoor experiment was as follows: temperature range: transplanting a 1-half-year-old pecan tree and 5000g of soil into a pot at 25.9-34.4 ℃, placing the pot outdoors, cultivating for 1 month, and transplanting diseased soil to inoculate pathogenic bacteria. A total of 60 groups were inoculated. The host wilting rate was recorded 28 days after inoculation to calculate the incidence.
Example 1:
the method is characterized in that a test is carried out in a field for raising seedlings of 1-year-old hickory seedlings, the time is 4-6 months, 50 hickory seedlings with root rot are selected, wherein the disease is more than equal, leaves are withered and yellow, more than one branch is withered and dead, the root system is seriously rotted, and the treatment by an aggravating medicament is needed, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
and 1, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
Step 2, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, Wolfu and phosphorous acid.
Mixing 90-100 ml of Calofulea and 30-50 ml of Calofulea, adding 5-8 g of phosphorous acid, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And 3, solarizing the soil. 1.5-2 m of the tree trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, and the temperature of the soil is recorded at 12-15 points every day. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film.
And 4, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Observations when applying nutgall powder: the leaves turn from yellow to dark green, the disease condition of the roots is well controlled, the success rate is 100 percent by taking the number of completely recovered plants accounting for the total number of the treated diseased plants. One month observation of the application of nutgall powder: the recurrence rate of root rot is 5%.
Comparative example 1:
the method is characterized in that a test is carried out in a field for raising seedlings of 1-year-old hickory seedlings, the time is 4-6 months, 50 hickory seedlings with root rot are selected, wherein the disease is more than equal, leaves are withered and yellow, more than one branch is withered and dead, the root system is seriously rotted, and the treatment by an aggravating medicament is needed, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
and 1, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
And 2, solarizing the soil. 1.5-2 m of the tree trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, and the temperature of the soil is recorded at 12-15 points every day. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film.
And 3, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Observations when applying nutgall powder: the success rate is more than 70 percent based on the total number of the completely recovered plants in the total number of the treated diseased plants. One month observation of the application of nutgall powder: the recurrence rate of root rot is 5%.
Compared with the example 1, the step of pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixture is omitted in the comparative example 1, and the comparative example 1 is inferior to the example 1 in the success rate. Therefore, the use of the fertilizer-pesticide mixed solution can improve the cure success rate of the root rot, and in example 1, the fertilizer-pesticide mixed solution is matched with other steps to improve the cure success rate of the root rot to 100%, so that the effect is good.
Comparative example 2:
the method is characterized in that a test is carried out in a field for raising seedlings of 1-year-old hickory seedlings, the time is 4-6 months, 50 hickory seedlings with root rot are selected, wherein the disease is more than equal, leaves are withered and yellow, more than one branch is withered and dead, the root system is seriously rotted, and the treatment by an aggravating medicament is needed, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
and 1, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
Step 2, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, Wolfu and phosphorous acid.
Mixing 90-100 ml of Calofulea and 30-50 ml of Calofulea, adding 5-8 g of phosphorous acid, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And 3, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Observations when applying nutgall powder: the success rate is 92 percent based on the total number of completely recovered plants in the total number of the treated diseased plants. One month observation of the application of nutgall powder: the recurrence rate of root rot is 5%.
Comparative example 2 lacks the soil solarization step compared with example 1, and comparative example 2 is inferior to example 1 in success rate. Therefore, the cure success rate of the root rot can be improved by using the soil exposed to the sun. In comparative example 2, the success rate of curing root rot is 92% by using the fertilizer-drug mixture, and the obvious curing effect is still achieved. In practice, comparative example 2 is worth popularizing.
Comparative example 3:
the method is characterized in that a test is carried out in a field for raising seedlings of 1-year-old hickory seedlings, the time is 4-6 months, 50 hickory seedlings with root rot are selected, wherein the disease is more than equal, leaves are withered and yellow, more than one branch is withered and dead, the root system is seriously rotted, and the treatment by an aggravating medicament is needed, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
and 1, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
Step 2, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, Wolfu and phosphorous acid.
Mixing 90-100 ml of Calofulea and 30-50 ml of Calofulea, adding 5-8 g of phosphorous acid, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And 3, solarizing the soil. 1.5-2 m of the tree trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, and the temperature of the soil is recorded at 12-15 points every day. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film.
And (4) observing results: the success rate is 100 percent based on the total number of completely recovered plants in the total number of the treated diseased plants. The results were observed for one month: the recurrence rate of root rot is 20%.
In comparison with example 1, comparative example 3 lacks the step of applying the nutgall powder, and in terms of success, comparative example 3 is the same as example 1. However, comparative example 3 had a higher recurrence rate of root rot. In contrast, example 1 had a lower recurrence rate of root rot. Therefore, the application of the Chinese gall powder obviously reduces the recurrence rate of the root rot.
Comparative example 4:
the method is characterized in that a test is carried out in a field for raising seedlings of 1-year-old hickory seedlings, the time is 4-6 months, 50 hickory seedlings with root rot are selected, wherein the disease is more than equal, leaves are withered and yellow, more than one branch is withered and dead, the root system is seriously rotted, and the treatment by an aggravating medicament is needed, and the treatment is carried out according to the following steps:
and 1, loosening the soil. Loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
Step 2, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune commander and wojiafu.
Mixing 90-100 ml of California plus Bofu 30-50 ml, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer-pesticide mixed solution.
Pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree;
or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
And 3, solarizing the soil. 1.5-2 m of the tree trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, and the temperature of the soil is recorded at 12-15 points every day. When the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; and when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film.
And 4, drilling 3-5 holes in the soil layer around the root (within 0.5 m) of the tree body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, scattering 1 g of nutgall powder into each hole, and then covering soil on the holes.
Observations when applying nutgall powder: the leaves turn from yellow to dark green, the disease condition of the roots is well controlled, the success rate is 98 percent by taking the number of completely recovered plants accounting for the total number of treated diseased plants. One month observation of the application of nutgall powder: the recurrence rate of root rot is 5%.
The fertilizer and pesticide mixture of comparative example 4 was deficient in phosphorous acid as compared with example 1. In terms of success, comparative example 4 was slightly lower than example 1. The success rate of comparative example 4 is still 98%, and in practice, comparative example 2 is worth popularizing.
This scheme adopts fertile medicine an organic whole to use, and the selection of fertile medicine is suitable, accomplishes to disinfect and disinfects and adjusts sour promotion root system growth.
According to the scheme, phosphorous acid is added in the fertilizer, the number of pathogens in plants is reduced, the disease severity is reduced, and the treatment success rate is improved.
According to the scheme, soil is used for solarization, so that decomposition of pesticide and fertilizer is facilitated, the whole period is shortened, meanwhile, thermal death of pathogens is caused, and the treatment success rate is increased.
According to the scheme, the pecan trees are graded according to the disease severity, and corresponding treatment means are provided, so that the practicability is increased.
According to the scheme, the soil is planed to expose the focus, the water is sprayed in a large amount, and the fertilizer mixture fully irrigates the root.
According to the scheme, the Chinese gall powder is still used after the treatment is successful, and a good prevention effect on relapse is achieved.
The method has the advantages of practicability and wide activity range, and compared with a biological treatment method, the method often shows consistent performance in agriculture.
It should be understood that equivalents and modifications of the technical solution and inventive concept thereof may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for preventing and treating the root diseases of the hickory nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, dividing the pecan tree into three stages according to the disease severity, wherein the classification standard is as follows:
the first stage, basically no disease is caused, the leaves are dark green, and the prevention by using medicaments is needed; go to step S2;
the second stage, the disease is incipient, leaves are yellow, root systems begin to decay, branches do not show dead branches, and the treatment by medicaments is needed; go to step S3;
third, more than moderate disease occurs, leaves are withered and yellow, a tree body is withered and dead, more than one branch is left, the root system is seriously rotted, and aggravation medicament treatment is needed; go to step S4;
step S2, aiming at the first-stage root diseases, the following method is adopted:
step S2a, loosening the soil;
s2b, pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune commander and Wohan fortune;
step S2c, sun-drying soil;
step S3, aiming at the second stage root disease, the following method is adopted:
step S3a, loosening the soil;
s3b, pouring or pouring the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, fertile family and phosphorous acid;
step S3c, sun-drying soil;
step S4, aiming at the third-level root diseases, the following method is adopted:
step S4a, loosening the soil;
s4b, pouring or irrigating the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution; the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid comprises fortune, handsome, fertile family and phosphorous acid;
and step S4c, sun-drying the soil.
2. The method for preventing and treating the root disease of the pecan as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loosening soil in the steps S2a, S3a and S4a is as follows: loosening soil on the surface soil of the trunk which is 1.5-2 meters outwards and has the depth of about 20 centimeters.
3. The method for preventing and treating the root disease of the hickory nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution in step S2b is prepared as follows: mixing 30-50 ml of California plus 10-20 ml of California, adding 15-20 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer-pesticide mixed solution.
4. The method for preventing and treating the root disease of the hickory nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution in step S3b is prepared as follows: mixing 40-80 ml of California fujiafu and 15-45 ml of California fufu, adding 3-6 g of phosphorous acid, adding 25-35 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
5. The method for preventing and treating the root disease of the hickory nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution in step S4b is prepared as follows: mixing 90-100 ml of Calofulea and 30-50 ml of Calofulea, adding 5-8 g of phosphorous acid, adding 35-50 l of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer and pesticide mixed solution.
6. The method for preventing and treating the root disease of the pecan as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete contents of pouring or pouring in the steps S2b, S3b and S4b are as follows: pouring the mixed solution on the root of the tree; or 10-30 holes are drilled in the soil layer around the root of the tree body, each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and the fertilizer and pesticide mixed liquid is poured into the holes.
7. The method for preventing and treating the root diseases of the pecans according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2c, the step S3c and the step S4c, 1.5 to 2 meters of the outward trunk is covered with a transparent polyethylene film, the soil temperature is recorded once at 12 to 15 points every day, the pecans are turned over once every 3 to 5 days, and the film is covered again after the turning over; when the soil temperature is higher than 40 ℃, recording as an effective day; when the effective days are 15-20 days, removing the polyethylene film; if the soil temperature is higher than 60 ℃, removing the polyethylene film, and covering the film again before 9 am on the first sunny day later.
8. The method for preventing and treating the disease at the root of the pecan as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the steps S2c, S3c and S4c, the steps of drilling 3-5 holes in a soil layer within 0.5 m around the root of the pecan body, wherein each hole is 20-30 cm deep, and like 1 g of nutgall powder is scattered into each hole, and then covering the holes with soil are added.
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