CN113906880A - Ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage and working method thereof - Google Patents
Ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113906880A CN113906880A CN202111187850.3A CN202111187850A CN113906880A CN 113906880 A CN113906880 A CN 113906880A CN 202111187850 A CN202111187850 A CN 202111187850A CN 113906880 A CN113906880 A CN 113906880A
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- ditching
- chassis
- fertilizing device
- mud
- profiling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/06—Fertiliser distributors with distributing slots, e.g. adjustable openings for dosing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/005—Undercarriages, tanks, hoppers, stirrers specially adapted for seeders or fertiliser distributors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ditching and fertilizing device for a rice tillering stage and a working method thereof, wherein the ditching and fertilizing device for the rice tillering stage comprises a chassis and a ditching and fertilizing device; the ditching and fertilizing device is fixedly connected with the chassis through a three-point suspension mechanism and can move up and down under the driving of a chassis hydraulic oil cylinder; the ditching and fertilizing device comprises a rack, a ditching mechanism, a fertilizer discharging mechanism and a profiling mechanism; the ditching device is arranged right behind the rack; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is fixed right above the chassis. The invention can synchronously carry out the operations of profile modeling ditching, side deep fertilization and earthing up on the paddy field in the tillering stage of the paddy rice, reduces the influence of different mud foot depths and uneven mud surface on the ditching effect of the paddy field, improves the ditching stability and the fertilization uniformity, realizes the mechanized high-efficiency side deep fertilization in the tillering stage of the paddy rice and improves the fertilizer utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural instruments, in particular to a ditching and fertilizing device for rice in a tillering stage and a working method thereof.
Background
The rice is the grain crop with the widest planting area, the highest yield per unit and the largest total yield in China, China is the producing country and consuming country of the largest grain crop in the world, the rice yield of China is the top of all the grain crops, the rice planting history is long, and the planting area distribution is wide. The rice production is related to grain safety, agricultural income increase and farmer income increase in China. The deep application of solid fertilizer in the tillering stage of rice is a fertilizing technology for applying the fertilizer into the soil between rice lines in the tillering stage, and has the advantages of labor saving, labor saving and low pollution. At present, the traditional tillering fertilizer adopts a surface layer throwing and spreading mode, the labor intensity of farmers is high, manual throwing is not uniform, most of the fertilizer is distributed in a place far away from rice seedling roots after being thrown into a paddy field, the absorption and utilization of the rice root systems are not facilitated, the fertilizer loss is large, the utilization rate is low, the total fertilizer application amount is continuously increased, the yield is not obviously improved, the fertilizer application cost is too high, the environmental pollution problem is caused by excessive fertilizer application, and the sustainable development of grain planting is not facilitated. Therefore, the reasonable fertilization mode is an effective means for improving the rice yield, saving the production cost, reducing the labor intensity and reducing the environmental pollution. Most rice top dressing machines on the market are fertilizer spreading machines, and solid fertilizer deep dressing machines are relatively rare in the tillering stage of rice, so that the fertilizer can not be applied slowly from the surface layer to the deep layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect (deficiency) of the prior art and provides a ditching and fertilizing device for rice in a tillering stage and a working method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of deep fertilization of crops.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage comprises a chassis and a ditching and fertilizing device;
the ditching and fertilizing device is fixedly connected with the chassis through a three-point suspension mechanism, the chassis is provided with a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the ditching and fertilizing device can move up and down under the driving of the hydraulic oil cylinder of the chassis; the ditching and fertilizing device comprises a rack, a ditching mechanism, a fertilizer discharging mechanism and a profiling mechanism; the profiling mechanism and the ditching mechanism are arranged right behind the rack; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is fixed right above the chassis.
In one embodiment, the fertilizer discharging mechanism is arranged right above the chassis; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is provided with a fertilizer discharging device and a fertilizer discharging motor; the aim of accurate strip application is achieved by adjusting the opening of the fertilizer applicator and adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer application motor in real time according to the change of the running speed.
In one embodiment, a lifting frame is arranged on the chassis; the lifting frame can move up and down under the drive of the chassis hydraulic oil cylinder so as to drive the ditching and fertilizing device to move up and down.
In one embodiment, the profiling mechanism comprises an integral profiling mechanism, a horizontal profiling mechanism and a single profiling mechanism.
In one embodiment, the integral copying mechanism is provided with a connecting plate, and the integral copying mechanism is fixedly connected with the rack through the connecting plate by bolts; the chassis is also provided with a brake cable, and the integral profiling mechanism is oppositely connected with the rack and connected with the brake cable on the chassis; the horizontal profiling mechanism is hinged with the lifting frame and is connected with the rack through a bolt group; the single profiling mechanisms are connected with the rack and are uniformly distributed; the profiling mechanism enables the ditching mechanism to be always tightly attached to the mud surface, so that the depth of a mud ditch formed by the ditching mechanism is more uniform.
In one embodiment, the ditching mechanism comprises a floating plate, a ditcher and an earth coverer;
the number of the ditching mechanisms is consistent with that of the single copying mechanisms; the floating plate is correspondingly connected with the single profiling mechanism; the furrow opener is arranged in the middle and at the rear of the floating plate; the coverer is arranged on the floating plate and is arranged at the lateral rear part of the furrow opener; the floating plate is tightly attached to the mud surface, and the furrow opener is immersed in the mud so as to ditch the mud surface in the moving process; and the soil covering device covers soil on the ditched mud ditch.
A working method applied to the ditching and fertilizing device for the rice in the tillering stage comprises the following working steps:
s1: draining water in a paddy field to be ditched and tillered;
s2: moving the ditching and fertilizing device to a paddy field to be ditched in the tillering stage of the rice, and adjusting the distance between the chassis to ensure that the chassis and the ditching and fertilizing device are positioned between two rows of rice seedlings;
s3: adjusting the height of the ditching mechanism to enable the ditching mechanism to be tightly attached to the mud surface, and adjusting the profiling sensitivity according to the hardness of the mud surface;
s4: the chassis drives the ditching mechanism to move, so that the ditching mechanism ditches the mud surface in the moving process;
s5: opening the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge the fertilizer into the ditched mud ditch;
s6: and covering the mud on the mud ditch after the fertilizer falls into the mud ditch.
Furthermore, the plurality of ditching mechanisms are preferably 5-15 groups, and by arranging the plurality of groups of ditching mechanisms, the simultaneous multi-row fertilization of crops is realized, the operation efficiency is high, the operation quality is good, and the top dressing requirement of the crops can be met. It is further preferred that the number of furrow opening means is singular, preferably 5, 7 or 9 groups. (minimum 5 groups)
Through setting up fertilizer discharging mechanism, discharge fertilizer to the mud ditch after the ditching in through arranging the fertile pipe to realized automatic ditching and fertilization, solved that traditional artifical ditching fertilization brought consume the manpower big, inefficiency not enough, have the deep fertilization, use manpower sparingly and efficient beneficial effect.
In the technical scheme, the ditching mechanism is adapted to the height change of the mud surface by arranging the lifting frame. When the mud surface is higher, the ditching mechanism is adjusted to ascend by controlling the lifting frame to ascend; when the mud surface is lower, the ditching mechanism is adjusted to descend by controlling the lifting frame to descend; so that the ditching mechanism is always tightly attached to the mud surface, and the depth of a mud ditch formed by the ditching mechanism is more uniform.
The integral profiling mechanism is mainly used for sensing the height change of the mud surface, ensuring the consistent fertilizing depth, preventing mud from blocking and keeping a stable posture relative to the mud surface when the ditching mechanism operates.
Because the furrow opener is arranged on the floating plate, when the contact degree of the floating plate and the mud surface is small, the ditching angle of the furrow opener becomes shallow; when the contact degree of the floating plate and the mud surface is large, the ditching angle of the ditcher is also deepened. And further the ditcher can adapt to mud angles with different heights.
Furthermore, the furrow opener and the floating plate can be detachably connected, so that the furrow opener with different models can be conveniently replaced for ditching.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes ditching, fertilizing and earthing, greatly reduces the influence of the fluctuation of the mud level during working, improves the stability, accuracy and uniformity of ditching, and realizes the stable depth of the ditched mud ditch.
The invention has simple structure, can control and drive the ditching mechanism to carry out topdressing with consistent depth on mud surfaces with different hardness and height, and reduces the influence of different fertilizing depths on nutrient absorption of crops.
The integral profiling mechanism is arranged to drive the ditching mechanism to move up and down on mud surfaces with different heights; the horizontal profiling mechanism is arranged, so that the rack is inclined left and right, the ditching mechanisms on the left side and the right side are driven to incline, and the ditching mechanisms on the left side and the right side are adapted to mud surfaces with different heights on the left side and the right side; through setting up monomer profiling mechanism to make every ditching mechanism of group can carry out profile modeling from top to bottom by oneself according to the topography change in place, with the mud face of adaptation co-altitude not.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the circled area of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the integral copying mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the horizontal copying mechanism and the frame.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the independent profiling mechanism and the ditching mechanism.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the trenching assembly.
Detailed Description
The drawings are only for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For a better understanding of the following embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
As shown in figures 1-7, the ditching and fertilizing device for the tillering stage of rice comprises a chassis and a ditching and fertilizing device; the ditching and fertilizing device is fixedly connected with the chassis through a three-point suspension mechanism, the chassis is provided with a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the ditching and fertilizing device can move up and down under the driving of the hydraulic oil cylinder of the chassis; the ditching and fertilizing device comprises a rack 200, a ditching mechanism 300, a fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 and a profiling mechanism; the profiling mechanism and the ditching mechanism 300 are arranged right behind the rack 200; the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 is fixed right above the chassis.
The fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 is arranged right above the chassis; the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 is provided with a fertilizer discharging device and a fertilizer discharging motor; the aim of accurate strip fertilization is achieved by adjusting the opening of the fertilizer distributor and adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer distributor motor in real time according to the change of the running speed.
A lifting frame 120 is arranged on the chassis; the lifting frame 120 can move up and down under the driving of the chassis hydraulic oil cylinder so as to drive the ditching and fertilizing device to move up and down.
The profiling mechanism includes an integral profiling mechanism 400, a horizontal profiling mechanism, and a single profiling mechanism 700.
The integral copying mechanism 400 is provided with a connecting plate, and the integral copying mechanism 400 is fixedly connected with the rack 200 through the connecting plate by bolts; the chassis is also provided with a brake cable 130, and the integral profiling mechanism 400 is oppositely connected with the rack 200 and connected with the brake cable 130 on the chassis; the horizontal profiling mechanism is hinged with the lifting frame 120 and is connected with the frame 200 through a bolt group; the single profiling mechanisms 700 are connected with the frame 200 and are uniformly distributed; the profiling mechanism enables the ditching mechanism 300 to be always tightly attached to the mud surface, and further enables the depth of a mud ditch formed by the ditching mechanism 300 to be more uniform.
The ditching mechanism 300 comprises a floating plate 320, a ditcher 330 and a coverer 340; the number of the ditching mechanisms 300 is consistent with that of the single copying mechanisms 700; the floating plate 320 is correspondingly connected with the single profiling mechanism 700; the furrow opener 330 is arranged in the middle and at the rear of the floating plate 320; the coverer 340 is mounted on the floating plate 320 and laterally behind the furrow opener 330; the floating plate 320 is tightly attached to the mud surface, and the furrow opener 330 is immersed in the mud so as to ditch the mud surface in the moving process; the earth covering device 340 covers earth on the mud ditch after the ditch is opened.
The invention also discloses a working method applied to the ditching and fertilizing device for the rice in the tillering stage, which comprises the following working steps:
s1: draining water in a paddy field to be ditched and tillered;
s2: moving the ditching and fertilizing device to a paddy field to be ditched in the tillering stage of the rice, and adjusting the distance between the chassis to ensure that the chassis and the ditching and fertilizing device are positioned between two rows of rice seedlings;
s3: adjusting the height of the ditching mechanism 300 to enable the ditching mechanism 300 to be tightly attached to the mud surface, and adjusting the profiling sensitivity according to the hardness of the mud surface;
s4: the chassis drives the ditching mechanism 300 to move, so that the ditching mechanism 300 ditches the mud surface in the moving process;
s5: opening the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 to discharge the fertilizer into the ditched mud ditch;
s6: and covering the mud on the mud ditch after the fertilizer falls into the mud ditch.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment discloses a ditching and fertilizing device for rice at tillering stage, which comprises a vehicle body 100, a frame 200 and a plurality of ditching mechanisms 300; the ditching mechanism 300 is used for ditching a mud surface in moving; the ditching mechanism 300 is connected with the rack 200, the rack 200 is connected with the vehicle body 100, and the vehicle body 100 is used for driving the rack 200 to move, and further driving the ditching mechanism 300 to move, so as to realize ditching on a mud surface in moving.
Further, a fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 is arranged on the vehicle body 100 for placing and discharging fertilizer; the bottom of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 is provided with a fertilizer discharging pipe 111, and the fertilizer discharging pipe 111 is connected with the ditching mechanism 300 and used for discharging fertilizer into a mud ditch ditched by the ditching mechanism 300.
Preferably, a fertilizer discharging motor is arranged at the connecting position of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 and the fertilizer discharging pipe 111, and the fertilizer discharging motor is electrically connected with the vehicle body 100 and controls the opening and closing of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 through the vehicle body 100.
Preferably, a fertilizer discharging amount adjusting device is arranged at the connecting position of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 and the fertilizer discharging pipe 111 for controlling the fertilizer discharging amount.
Further preferably, a sensor is arranged on the vehicle body 100 for sensing the vehicle speed of the vehicle body 100; the sensor is connected with the fertilizer amount adjusting device and used for transmitting a signal to the fertilizer amount adjusting device when the vehicle speed is high so as to increase the outflow of the fertilizer amount by the fertilizer amount adjusting device; on the contrary, when the vehicle speed is slow, the signal is transmitted to the fertilizer amount adjusting device, so that the fertilizer amount adjusting device reduces the outflow of the fertilizer amount.
In addition, the working mode of the vehicle body 100 is not limited, and the vehicle body may be turned on in a direct operation mode or in a remote operation mode.
Further, the ditching mechanisms 300 are arranged in 5 groups, and the 5 groups of ditching mechanisms 300 are sequentially arranged on the rack 200 from left to right.
As shown in fig. 3, a lifting frame 120 is further disposed between the vehicle body 100 and the frame 200, and the vehicle body 100 controls the lifting frame 120 to move up and down, and further controls the frame 200 and the ditching mechanism 300 to move up and down to adapt to the height change of the mud surface.
Specifically, when the mud surface is high, the ditching mechanism 300 is adjusted to ascend by controlling the lifting frame 120 to ascend; when the mud level is lower, the ditching mechanism 300 is adjusted to descend by controlling the lifting frame 120 to descend; so that the ditching mechanism 300 is tightly attached to the mud surface at all times, and the depth of the mud ditch formed by the ditching mechanism 300 is more uniform.
As shown in fig. 4, further, a brake cable 130 and an integral copying mechanism 400 are arranged between the vehicle body 100 and the frame 200, and the integral copying mechanism 400 comprises a connecting plate and a buoy 410 which are connected with each other; wherein, the brake cable 130 is connected with the car body 100, and the connection plate is connected with the frame 200; the buoy 410 is in contact with the mud surface and moves up and down along with the height change of the mud surface, so as to drive the connecting plate to move up and down; the brake cable 130 is used for acquiring a moving signal of the connecting plate and feeding the signal back to the vehicle body 100, and then the lifting frame 120 is controlled to move up and down through the vehicle body 100, so that the machine frame 200 and the ditching mechanism 300 move up and down to adapt to the height change of the mud surface.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the connection plates include a first longitudinal connection plate 420, a second longitudinal connection plate 430, and a transverse connection plate 440; the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 is fixedly connected with the buoy 410, the second longitudinal connecting plate 430 is fixedly connected with the transverse connecting plate 440, and the transverse connecting plate 440 is fixedly connected with the rack 200; the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 is movably connected with the transverse connecting plate 440 and is used for driving the buoy 410 to rotate up and down so that the buoy 410 can adapt to the height change of a mud surface; the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 is connected with the brake cable 130, the tail of the brake cable 130 is connected with the second longitudinal connecting plate 430, the brake cable 130 is provided with an auxiliary induction elastic member 131 between the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 and the second longitudinal connecting plate 430, the auxiliary induction elastic member 131 generates elastic force change along with the up-and-down movement of the first longitudinal connecting plate 420, and the brake cable 130 further obtains a moving signal of the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 by obtaining the elastic force change of the auxiliary induction elastic member 131.
Specifically, the signal of the movement signal of the first longitudinal connection plate 420 is a signal of whether the first longitudinal connection plate 420 is moved up or down; the elastic force of the auxiliary sensing elastic member 131 is changed as follows: as the first longitudinal web 420 moves up, the secondary sense spring 131 decreases in compression; as the first longitudinal tie plate 420 moves downward, the auxiliary sensing elastic member 131 is compressed and increased.
Specifically, the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 is provided with a lifting lug for installing the brake cable 130, the lifting lug is movably connected with the first longitudinal connecting plate 420, and the auxiliary induction elastic member 131 is movably connected with the lifting lug so as to rotate according to different angles.
Furthermore, the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 is further provided with a rotating shaft sleeve 421, an elastic member mounting shaft is arranged on the rotating shaft sleeve in a penetrating manner, one end of the elastic member mounting shaft is fixedly connected with the second longitudinal connecting plate 430, and the other end is provided with a gasket; the elastic member mounting shaft is divided into a front part and a rear part by taking the rotary shaft sleeve 421 as a boundary, and the front part and the rear part are respectively provided with an integral profiling elastic member 450, the integral profiling elastic member 450 generates elastic force change along with the up-and-down movement of the first longitudinal connecting plate 420, and then drives the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 to restore to the original position through elastic restoring force.
Specifically, when the mud level is high, the buoy 410 moves upwards to drive the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 to move upwards, so that the front integral profiling elastic part 450 is compressed and increased, and the rear integral profiling elastic part 450 is compressed and decreased; when the mud surface passes through the high position and returns to the horizontal position, the elastic force on the integrally-formed elastic members 450 at the front and rear parts is reduced, and an elastic restoring force is generated to drive the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 and the buoy 410 to move down and return to the original position.
On the contrary, in the same way, when the mud surface is lower, the buoy 410 moves downwards to drive the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 to move downwards, so that the front integral profiling elastic part 450 is compressed and reduced, and the rear integral profiling elastic part 450 is compressed and increased to generate elastic force; when the mud surface passes through the lower position and returns to the horizontal position, the elastic force on the integrally formed elastic members 450 at the front and rear parts is reduced, and an elastic restoring force is generated to drive the first longitudinal connecting plate 420 and the buoy 410 to move upwards and return to the original position.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, it is further preferable that a horizontal copying mechanism is further provided between the lifting frame 120 and the machine frame 200, and the horizontal copying mechanism includes a mounting frame 500 and a bearing seat 600; wherein, mounting bracket 500 and hoisting frame 120 fixed connection, bearing frame 600 and frame 200 fixed connection, and be equipped with the bearing in the bearing frame 600, the bearing rotates with mounting bracket 500 to be connected for drive frame 200 uses the bearing to carry out ascending rotation of horizontal direction as the pivot, in order to guarantee that the ditching mechanism 300 on the frame 200 hugs closely the mud face.
Specifically, the mud surface on the left and right sides is uneven, which may cause the ditching machines 300 on the left and right sides not to ditch the mud surface on the same horizontal plane. Through establishing bearing frame 600 in frame 200, bearing frame 600 can incline about along with frame 200 inclines, and then drives the bearing rotation on the bearing frame 600, and then makes ditching mechanism 300 adapt to the uneven mud face change of height, makes ditching mechanism 300's the left and right sides hug closely the mud face all the time to avoid ditching mechanism 300 one side too high and dig the mud face deeply, or one side unsettled and the condition that can't ditch. By arranging the bearing seat 600 and the bearing, the position state between the rack 200 and the mounting rack 500 can be controlled independently, so that the mounting rack 500 can be kept in place when the rack 200 rotates, and the condition that the unbalance of the lifting frame 120 is influenced due to the rotation of the rack 200 is avoided.
Further, the left and right sides of the machine frame 200 are respectively provided with a horizontal profiling elastic member 210, the horizontal profiling elastic member 210 generates the change of elastic force along with the left and right rotation of the machine frame 200 in the horizontal direction, and then drives the machine frame 200 and the ditching mechanism 300 to restore to the original position through the elastic restoring force.
Specifically, the horizontal profiling elastic element 210 is mounted on an elastic element mounting shaft, the elastic element mounting shaft is connected with the rack 200, the rack 200 is provided with a mounting seat 220, and the elastic element mounting shaft passes through the mounting seat 220 and is movably connected with the mounting seat 220; the elastic member mounting shaft is divided into an upper part and a lower part by taking the mounting seat 220 as a dividing line, and the horizontal profiling elastic members 210 are arranged on the elastic member mounting seats 220 of the upper part and the lower part; the top of the elastic member mounting shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 500, and a gasket is disposed at the bottom of the elastic member mounting shaft for limiting the displacement of the horizontal profiling elastic member 210.
In this embodiment, when the mud surface of the left ditching mechanism 300 is lower than the mud surface of the right ditching mechanism 300, the frame 200 is tilted to the left side, so that the horizontal profiling elastic piece 210 at the upper part of the left side is compressed and increased, and the horizontal profiling elastic piece 210 at the lower part is compressed and decreased; the horizontal contoured spring 210 of the upper right portion is less compressed and the horizontal contoured spring 210 of the lower portion is more compressed, thereby producing a change in spring force; when the ditching mechanisms 300 on the left side and the right side pass through a low position, the elastic force is reduced, and the horizontal copying elastic piece 210 on the left side and the horizontal copying elastic piece 210 on the right side drive the rack 200 and the ditching mechanisms 300 to quickly return to a horizontal state through elastic restoring force.
On the contrary, in the same way, when the mud surface of the left ditching mechanism 300 is higher than the mud surface of the right ditching mechanism 300, the rack 200 inclines to the right side, so that the horizontal profiling elastic piece 210 at the upper part of the left side is compressed and reduced, and the horizontal profiling elastic piece 210 at the lower part is compressed and increased; the horizontal profiling elastic member 210 of the upper part on the right side is compressed and increased, and the horizontal profiling elastic member 210 of the lower part is compressed and decreased, thereby generating the change of the elastic force; when the ditching mechanisms 300 on the left side and the right side pass through the high position, the elastic force is reduced, and the horizontal copying elastic piece 210 on the left side and the horizontal copying elastic piece 210 on the right side drive the machine frame 200 and the ditching mechanisms 300 to quickly return to the horizontal state through the elastic restoring force.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, furthermore, each ditching mechanism 300 is provided with a single profiling mechanism 700, and the single profiling mechanism 700 comprises a fixed rod 710, a linkage rod 720, a double lower pull rod 730 and an independent profiling elastic member 740; wherein, the fixing rod 710 is fixedly connected with the frame 200; the linkage rod 720 is fixedly connected with the ditching mechanism 300 and is used for driving the ditching mechanism 300 to move up and down; the double lower pull rods 730 are arranged at the left side and the right side of the fixed rod 710 and the linkage rod 720, one end parts of the double lower pull rods 730 are fixedly connected with the linkage rod 720, and the other end parts of the double lower pull rods 730 are movably connected with the fixed rod 710 and are used for driving the linkage rod 720 and the ditching mechanism 300 to rotate up and down; the independent profiling elastic member 740 is disposed between the two lower pull rods 730 on the left and right sides, and generates an elastic force change along with the up-and-down rotation of the two lower pull rods 730, thereby driving the two lower pull rods 730, the linkage rod 720 and the ditching mechanism 300 to reset through an elastic restoring force.
In this embodiment, the single copying mechanism 700 is used to copy the mud surface of the ditching mechanism 300 where the single copying mechanism is located, so that the ditching mechanism 300 is tightly attached to the mud surface. When the mud surface is higher, the double lower pull rods 730 rotate upwards, so that the linkage rods 720 and the ditching mechanism 300 are driven to move upwards to adapt to the change of the mud surface; when the mud surface is lower, the double lower pull rods 730 move downwards, so that the linkage rods 720 and the ditching mechanism 300 are driven to move downwards to adapt to the change of the mud surface.
Referring to fig. 6, an elastic member mounting shaft is disposed between the left and right double lower links 730 for mounting the independent profiling elastic member 740, each double lower link 730 includes a first link and a second link disposed up and down, a lifting lug 750 is disposed between the first links, a cotter pin 760 is disposed between the second links, and the elastic member mounting shaft passes through the lifting lug 750 and is movably connected to the lifting lug 750; the bottom of the elastic member mounting shaft is fixedly connected with a cotter pin 760, and the top of the elastic member mounting shaft is provided with a gasket for limiting the position of the independent profiling elastic member 740; the elastic element mounting shaft is divided into an upper part and a lower part by taking the lifting lug 750 as a boundary line; and the elastic member mounting shafts of the upper part and the lower part are provided with independent profiling elastic members 740.
In specific work, when the mud surface is higher, the double lower pull rods 730 move upwards, and the elastic member mounting shafts also move upwards, so that the compression of the independent profiling elastic member 740 at the upper part is reduced, the compression of the independent profiling elastic member 740 at the lower part is increased, and the change of the elastic force is generated; when the mud surface passes through the high position, the elastic force of the independent profiling elastic piece 740 is reduced, and an elastic restoring force is generated, so that the double lower pull rods 730 are driven to return to the original position quickly, and the ditching mechanism 300 returns to the original position quickly to adapt to the height change of the mud surface.
On the contrary, in the same way, when the mud surface is lower and the double lower pull rods 730 move downwards, the elastic member mounting shafts also move downwards, so that the compression of the independent profiling elastic member 740 at the upper part is increased, the compression of the independent profiling elastic member 740 at the lower part is reduced, and the change of the elastic force is generated; when the mud surface passes through the low position, the elastic force of the independent profiling elastic piece 740 is reduced, and an elastic restoring force is generated, so that the double lower pull rods 730 are driven to return to the original position quickly, and the ditching mechanism 300 returns to the original position quickly to adapt to the height change of the mud surface.
Further, the split pin 760 and the gasket are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the independent profiling elastic piece 740, which is also beneficial to adjusting the adaptability of the ditching mechanism 300 to mud surfaces with different hardness, so that the ditching mechanism 300 is more suitable for the change of the mud surfaces.
Specifically, the ditching mechanism 300 is tightly attached to the mud surface by its own weight when no elastic force is applied.
When the mud surface is soft, the tension force of the lower part of the independent profiling elastic member 740 is required to be large to provide tension force to the ditching mechanism 300, the adjustable split pin moves downwards, the gasket also moves downwards, so that the lower part of the independent profiling elastic member 740 is compressed and reduced to generate upward contraction force, the upper part of the independent profiling elastic member 740 is compressed and increased to generate upward restoring force, further, the tension force is provided to the ditching mechanism 300, and the pressure of the ditching mechanism 300 on the mud surface is reduced.
On the contrary, similarly, when the mud surface is hard, the compression force of the lower portion of the independent profiling elastic member 740 is required to be large to provide pressure to the ditching mechanism 300, the cotter pin can be adjusted to move upwards, the gasket also moves upwards, so that the compression of the lower portion of the independent profiling elastic member 740 is increased to generate downward recovery force, the partial pressure of the upper portion of the independent profiling elastic member 740 is reduced to be small, and downward compression force is generated to provide pressure to the ditching mechanism 300, and the pressure of the ditching mechanism 300 to the mud surface is increased.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, further, the furrowing mechanism 300 comprises a grass sliding rod 310, a floating plate 320, a furrower 330 and a coverer 340 which are connected in sequence; the grass sliding rod 310 is connected with the rack 200, the front part of the floating plate 320 is tilted upwards, the rear part of the floating plate 320 is tightly attached to a mud surface, the furrow opener 330 is arranged on one side of the floating plate 320 tightly attached to the mud surface, and the furrow opener 330 is immersed in the mud so as to ditch the mud surface in moving; the fertilizer outlet 113 of the fertilizer pipe 111 is arranged above the furrow opener 330 and is used for discharging fertilizer into the ditched mud ditch.
The soil covering device 340 is arranged behind the furrow opener 330 and is used for covering soil on the excavated mud ditch. The coverer 340 is rotatably coupled to the floating plate 320 so as to adjust the angle of the coverer. Specifically, the floating plate 320 is provided with two round holes, and the coverer 340 is provided with a round hole and an arc hole at a position corresponding to the floating plate 320, and then fixed by bolts. Wherein, the floating plate 320 is rotatably connected with the floating plate at the arc hole position so as to adjust the angle of the coverer 340.
Furthermore, a fertilizer discharging hose 112 is arranged between the fertilizer discharging port 113 and the fertilizer discharging pipe 111, and the position of the fertilizer discharging port 113 can be better fixed by the fertilizer discharging hose 112.
Specifically, the linkage bar 720 of the single copy mechanism 700 is connected with the grass sliding bar of the furrowing mechanism 300. Wherein, a hollow channel is arranged on the linkage rod 720, and the grass sliding rod passes through the hollow channel and is fixedly connected with the hollow channel. Preferably, the height of the grass sliding rod passing through the hollow channel can be freely adjusted, so as to adjust the contact area, the contact force and the contact depth of the floating plate 320 and the mud surface.
Specifically, when the contact degree of the floating plate 320 and the mud surface is small, the ditching angle of the ditcher 330 becomes shallow; when the contact degree of the floating plate 320 and the mud surface is large, the ditching angle of the ditcher 330 is also deepened. Thereby realizing that the furrow opener 330 can adapt to mud angles with different heights.
Specifically, the furrow opener 330 is detachably coupled to the floating plate 320 so as to facilitate the replacement of a different type of furrow opener 330 for furrowing.
Specifically, the contact position of the floating plate 320 and the grass sliding rod 310 has a curvature, so that the front half part of the floating plate 320 is tilted upwards, and the rear plate part is tightly attached to the mud surface. The floating plate 320 is tilted upwards to form an arc-shaped surface, can slide through crops, is more friendly to the crops, and reduces the advancing resistance so as to avoid that the edges and corners of the floating plate 320 scrape the crops in the moving process or block the advancing process due to the abrupt mud surface.
Specifically, the furrow opener 330 is provided at the rear half of the floating plate 320 and is submerged into the mud surface to ditch the mud surface in movement.
The working method of the ditching and fertilizing device for the rice in the tillering stage comprises the following working steps:
s1: draining water in the mud land to be ditched;
s2: moving the ditching and fertilizing device to a mud land to be ditched in the tillering stage of the rice, and adjusting the distance between wheels of the vehicle body 100 to enable the wheels and the ditching mechanism to be positioned between two rows of crops;
s3: adjusting the height of the ditching mechanism 300 to ensure that at least part of the ditching mechanism 300 is tightly attached to the mud surface and is adaptive to the hardness of the mud surface;
s4: starting the vehicle body 100, moving the vehicle body 100 forwards and driving the ditching mechanism 300 to move, so that the ditching mechanism 300 ditches the mud surface in the moving process;
s5: and opening the fertilizer discharging mechanism 110 to discharge the fertilizer from the fertilizer discharging pipe 111 into the ditched mud ditch.
S6: the side rear part of the ditching mechanism 300 is provided with a soil covering device for covering soil on the ditched mud ditch.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific embodiments of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention claims should be included in the protection scope of the present invention claims.
Claims (7)
1. A ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage is characterized by comprising a chassis and a ditching and fertilizing device;
the ditching and fertilizing device is fixedly connected with the chassis through a three-point suspension mechanism, the chassis is provided with a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the ditching and fertilizing device can move up and down under the driving of the hydraulic oil cylinder of the chassis; the ditching and fertilizing device comprises a rack, a ditching mechanism, a fertilizer discharging mechanism and a profiling mechanism; the profiling mechanism and the ditching mechanism are arranged right behind the rack; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is fixed right above the chassis.
2. The ditching and fertilizing device for rice in the tillering stage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer discharging mechanism is installed right above the chassis; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is provided with a fertilizer discharging device and a fertilizer discharging motor;
the aim of accurate strip application is achieved by adjusting the opening of the fertilizer applicator and adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer application motor in real time according to the change of the running speed.
3. The ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage as claimed in claim 1, wherein a lifting frame is provided on the chassis;
the lifting frame can move up and down under the drive of the chassis hydraulic oil cylinder so as to drive the ditching and fertilizing device to move up and down.
4. The ditching and fertilizing device for rice at the tillering stage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the profiling mechanism comprises an integral profiling mechanism, a horizontal profiling mechanism and a single profiling mechanism.
5. The ditching and fertilizing device for rice in the tillering stage as claimed in claim 4, wherein the integral profiling mechanism is provided with a connecting plate, and the integral profiling mechanism is fixedly connected with the frame through the connecting plate by bolts; the chassis is also provided with a brake cable, and the integral profiling mechanism is oppositely connected with the rack and connected with the brake cable on the chassis; the horizontal profiling mechanism is hinged with the lifting frame and is connected with the rack through a bolt group; the single profiling mechanisms are connected with the rack and are uniformly distributed; the profiling mechanism enables the ditching mechanism to be always tightly attached to the mud surface, so that the depth of a mud ditch formed by the ditching mechanism is more uniform.
6. The ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ditching mechanism comprises a floating plate, a ditcher and a coverer;
the number of the ditching mechanisms is consistent with that of the single copying mechanisms; the floating plate is correspondingly connected with the single profiling mechanism; the furrow opener is arranged in the middle and at the rear of the floating plate; the coverer is arranged on the floating plate and is arranged at the lateral rear part of the furrow opener; the floating plate is tightly attached to the mud surface, and the furrow opener is immersed in the mud so as to ditch the mud surface in the moving process; and the soil covering device covers soil on the ditched mud ditch.
7. A working method applied to the rice tillering stage ditching and fertilizing device of any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising the following working steps:
s1: draining water in a paddy field to be ditched and tillered;
s2: moving the ditching and fertilizing device to a paddy field to be ditched in the tillering stage of the rice, and adjusting the distance between the chassis to ensure that the chassis and the ditching and fertilizing device are positioned between two rows of rice seedlings;
s3: adjusting the height of the ditching mechanism to enable the ditching mechanism to be tightly attached to the mud surface, and adjusting the profiling sensitivity according to the hardness of the mud surface;
s4: the chassis drives the ditching mechanism to move, so that the ditching mechanism ditches the mud surface in the moving process;
s5: opening the fertilizer discharging mechanism to discharge the fertilizer into the ditched mud ditch;
s6: and covering the mud on the mud ditch after the fertilizer falls into the mud ditch.
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| CN202111187850.3A CN113906880B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage and working method thereof |
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| CN202111187850.3A CN113906880B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage and working method thereof |
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| CN113906880B CN113906880B (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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