CN109121505B - Potato full-process integrated seeder and seeding method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato full-process integrated seeder and a seeding method thereof, belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and solves the problems that the potato seeder is uneven in soil covering, cannot shape ridge bodies and cannot simulate ridge body film covering. The invention comprises a rotary tillage ridging device, a ridge body shaping seeding device, a ridge film soil covering device and a ridge body imitation film covering device, wherein the ridge film soil covering device comprises two oppositely arranged soil covering monomers, each soil covering monomer comprises a soil lifting shovel, a rotating shaft, a disc and soil throwing blades, the disc is convex and protrudes inwards, the soil throwing blades are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the disc in the radial direction, the soil throwing blades incline downwards along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, an outer side plate is arranged on the rotating shaft on the outer side of the disc, and the lower end of the outer side plate is connected with a soil lifting shovel. The seeding method comprises the following steps: rotary tillage soil loosening, fertilizing and ridging, sowing, ridge body shaping, laying drip irrigation belts, imitating ridge body film covering, and covering seedling emergence belts on the film with soil. The invention covers all working procedures of the mechanized sowing operation of the potatoes, and has high sowing quality.

Description

Potato full-process integrated seeder and sowing method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and specifically relates to a potato full-process integrated seeder and a sowing method thereof.

Background technique

One method of cultivating potatoes under mulching film is to plant them first and then cover them with film. After the seedlings emerge, they are released manually. The advantage is that moisture is preserved and the sowing speed is faster. The disadvantage is that manual release of seedlings is labor-intensive and time-consuming. If the seedlings are not released in time, they will easily burn due to high temperatures. The other method is to mulch first and then break the mulch for sowing. The advantage is that it can be mulched in advance, the ground temperature is raised, and the seedlings are not easily burned. The disadvantage is that special on-demand sowing tools are required to manually sow, the sowing speed is slow, the mulch is greatly damaged, and the moisture retention is poor. .

In the Hexi irrigation area, the soil texture is poor, and ridge flooding can easily occur after irrigation with ordinary plastic film mulching technology, resulting in soil hardening, deformation of commercial potatoes, lower commodity prices, and reduced profits; in addition, the soil temperature after plastic film mulching is high, which is not conducive to The root system penetrates and the potato tubers swell; at the same time, it is difficult to weed under the film, and green potatoes are prone to appear.

The cultivation technology of high ridge mulching, ridge tip soil pressing, and natural film-breaking seedling emergence is based on the ordinary mulching cultivation, and is a new method that draws lessons from the cultivation technology of potato planting with multiple soil cultivation and multi-layer potato formation. By cultivating soil at the ridge tip, covering the mulch with a soil layer of about 3 to 5 cm thick creates a high ridge, which can achieve natural emergence of seedlings and prevent rain and irrigation water from flooding the potato roots. During the potato planting process, covering the sprouting position on the plastic film with soil can encourage the potato sprouts to drill through the plastic film and break out of the soil on their own without being burned by the surrounding geothermal heat. By covering the location with soil, there is no need to manually drill holes, dig out seedlings and press soil, which can reduce the workload of workers.

The dragger of the existing potato seeder can only reshape the sowing at the ridge tip, but cannot reshape the ridge body, which affects the quality of subsequent film covering and soil covering on the film, and has poor stability, thus affecting the overall performance of the seeder.

Film ridge cultivation and mulching technology is an important method for high-yield potato cultivation. Film mulching on ridges is an important process in mechanized potato planting operations. It can increase temperature and moisture, reduce weeds, diseases and insect pests, promote crop growth, and increase yield. However, the mechanical film coating process is more complicated, and the requirements for film coating are stricter. The film needs to be tightened and smoothed, and the trapezoidal ridge body must be tightly wrapped and compacted to make the mulch film close to the ridge body, so as to achieve the effect of film coating on the ridge body to increase the temperature. best effect. Existing seeders have various forms of laminating devices. Currently, the commonly used disk-covered soil laminating devices, laminating wheels, laminating rollers and laminating devices are only used for laminating through simple suppression, and cannot imitate ridges. Film coating, so the quality of the film coating cannot be guaranteed, and the cost is high and the space is large, so it cannot be suitable for seeders with high technical integration.

At present, integrated seeders for ridge cultivation mainly use plows to lift the soil, and then use conveyor belts to lift the soil and use spiral distributors to cover the soil. The power transmission distance is long, and its edge wear and tear rate is high. The transmission belt is prone to fatigue and relaxation, and the performance of components is easy to change. , the transmission efficiency is low, affecting the quality of the covering soil, and the device has a high cost, many wearing parts, repair and replacement are time-consuming and expensive, poor power transmission reliability, and a large footprint. There is also a rotary blade throwing soil covering device, which raises a lot of dust, causes serious air pollution, has a poor working environment, and the soil covering is uneven and the quality cannot be guaranteed. It is not suitable for integrated seeders that are highly integrated in the entire process.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a potato seeder integrated in all processes to solve the problems of existing potato seeders with uneven soil covering, inability to shape the ridge body, and inability to imitate the ridge body with film coating.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a potato sowing method with a full-process integrated seeder.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a potato full-process integrated seeder, including a frame, a ground wheel, a traction frame, a seed metering device, a drip irrigation belt bracket, a fertilizer box and a seed box. The drip irrigation belt bracket is provided with a drip irrigation belt fixed wheel. , also includes a rotary tillage ridge device, a ridge shaping sowing device, a ridge film covering device and an imitation ridge film covering device. The ridge film covering device includes two soil covering units arranged oppositely. The soil covering unit includes a shovel and a rotating shaft. and a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes a disc and a soil-throwing blade. The disc is located on the rotating shaft. The disc is convex and protrudes inward. The soil-throwing blades are evenly distributed on the inside of the disc along the radial direction. The soil-throwing blades have nothing to do with the disc. Seam connection, the soil throwing blade tilts downward along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. There is an outer plate on the rotating shaft outside the disk. The upper end of the outer plate is connected to the frame. The lower end of the outer plate is connected to an earth scoop. The earth scoop is located in front of the rotating mechanism. Below, the outer plates of the two earth-covered units are connected through a transmission shaft. The transmission shaft on the outer side of the outer plate is equipped with a main transmission gear, and the rotating shaft on the outer side of the outer plate is equipped with an auxiliary transmission gear. Between the main transmission gear and the auxiliary transmission gear are connected through a transmission chain, and one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a connecting gear.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the ridge shaping sowing device includes a furrower, an inoculation groove and a shaper. The shaper consists of a horizontally arranged support plate and two shaping scrapers. The two shaping scrapers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support plate. Side, the two shaping scrapers are symmetrically equipped with side shaping plates on the inside. The side shaping plates are located on the rear side of the opener. The side shaping plates are inclined to the horizontal direction. The lower end of the side shaping plates faces the front of the seeder. The side shaping plates The upper end of the board faces the rear of the seeder, and a top V-shaped shaping plate is provided below the support plate. The sharp corners of the top V-shaped shaping plate face the rear of the seeder, and the top V-shaped shaping plate is located behind the side shaping plate. The side shaping plates can shape the sides of the ridge body, and the top V-shaped shaping plates can shape the ridge surface.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a drip irrigation tape limiting ring is provided on the inside of the shaping scraper. The drip irrigation tape is placed in the drip irrigation tape limit ring, and the drip irrigation tape is laid using the drip irrigation tape limit ring to limit the position, which eliminates the traditional pressure wheel and simplifies the structure of the seeder.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the imitation ridge covering device includes a mulching frame, two hangers, a built-in support rod for film coating deformation and an external mulch imitation ridge-shaped limit rod. The hanger, the built-in support rod for film coating deformation and an external The imitation ridge-shaped limit rods of the mulch film are arranged from front to back. The built-in struts for deformation of the mulch film and the imitation ridge-shaped limit rods of the external mulch film are both trapezoidal with a small top and a large bottom. The two ends of the bottom of the built-in struts of the deformation film pass through The first connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the frame, and the built-in support rod can be deformed to cover the ridge according to the shape of the ridge, so that the mulch film can better wrap the ridge; the bottom two ends of the external mulching imitation ridge-shaped limit rod pass through the second The connecting rod is connected below the frame, and the imitation ridge-shaped limit rod of the mulch film can be pressed according to the shape of the ridge, so that the mulch film can cover the ridge completely and docilely without flowing away; the hanger is connected below the frame, and the two ends of the mulch film frame are respectively Attached to two hangers.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the frame includes a front frame, a rear frame and a hydraulic lifting frame. The connection between the front frame and the rear frame is provided with frame lifting lugs, and the rear side bars on both sides of the rear frame pass through the third One pin is connected to the upper part of the frame lifting lugs, the front side rods on both sides of the front frame are connected to the lower part of the frame lifting lugs through the second pin, and the hydraulic lifting frame side rods on both sides of the hydraulic lifting frame are connected to the frame through the third pin. The rear end of the rear side rod is connected. There is an oil cylinder ear seat above the rear end of the rear side rod. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil cylinder ear seat through the first oil cylinder pin. A connecting plate is provided on the side rod of the hydraulic lifting frame. The connecting plate passes through the second The cylinder pin is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, the rotary tillage and ridge raising device is connected below the front frame, the ridge shaping and seeding device and the imitation ridge covering device are connected below the rear frame, and the ridge film covering device is located below the hydraulic lifting frame. This frame structure has a copying function. The rear frame can copy and rotate along the first pin to achieve copying sowing and film coating. The hydraulic lifting frame can rotate and fold along the third pin, so that it can be used in the field. When moving and turning at the head of the field, the hydraulic lifting frame can be folded to shorten the overall length of the seeder, reduce manual auxiliary operations, and make the move and turn of the seeder more flexible.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the rotary tillage and ridging device includes a rotary tiller and a ridge combiner, and the ridge combiner is located behind the rotary tiller. Sowing on the ridge tip requires ridging to complete the sowing process. Sowing on the ridge tip is greatly affected by soil moisture, degree of compaction, and plowing depth. The rotary tiller can rotate soil with different degrees of dryness and wetness and mix it evenly, so that the ridge can be The body height is consistent, the sowing depth is consistent, the seedlings emerge neatly, and the ridge body shaping effect is good, which is conducive to improving the seedling emergence rate, ensuring the sowing quality, and increasing the yield.

A potato sowing method with a full-process integrated seeder, including the following steps:

A. Connect the traction frame to the power machine, hang the drip irrigation belt on the fixed wheel of the drip irrigation belt and pull it to the ridge side, connect the connecting gear to the power device, hang the mulch film on the mulch film frame and pull it to the imitation ridge body covering device , put the seed potatoes into the seed box;

B. Turn on the power machinery, the potato integrated seeder moves forward in the whole process, the rotary tillage and ridging device performs rotary tillage and ridging, and the fertilizer box applies fertilizer during the ridging process;

C. The seed potatoes in the seed box fall into the ridge shaping and sowing device after being seeded by the seed metering device. The ridge shaping and seeding device carries out trenching, sowing and shaping of the ridge;

D. The imitation ridge covering device covers the film along the shape of the ridge;

E. The power device provides power to the rotating shaft through the connecting gear, transmission shaft, main transmission gear, transmission chain and auxiliary transmission gear. The rotating shaft drives the disc to rotate. The earth shovel scoops up the soil on the side of the ridge, and the soil throwing blade follows the disc. The rotation will bring up the soil and throw the soil inward to the emergence zone on the film. The excess soil on the emergence zone will slide to the bottom of the ridge, forming a suppression on the mulch film.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the rotary tillage and ridging device includes a rotary tiller and a ridge combiner. The ridge combiner is located behind the rotary tiller. In step B, the rotary tiller stirs and processes the soil particles, and the ridge combiner closes the ridges while applying fertilizer. edge ridge;

The ridge shaping and sowing device includes a furrow opener, an inoculation trough and a shaping device. The shaping device consists of a horizontal support plate and two shaping scrapers. The two shaping scrapers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support plate. The two shaping scrapers There is a side shaping plate symmetrically provided on the inside. The side shaping plate is located on the rear side of the opener. The side shaping plate is inclined in the horizontal direction. The lower end of the side shaping plate faces the front of the seeder and the upper end of the side shaping plate faces the rear of the seeder. , there is a top V-shaped shaping plate under the support plate, the sharp corner of the top V-shaped shaping plate faces the rear of the seeder, the top V-shaped shaping plate is located behind the side shaping plate, and there is a drip irrigation inside the shaping scraper. With a limit ring, in step A, pull the drip irrigation belt into the limit ring of the drip irrigation belt. In step C, the trencher opens a trench on the ridge, and the inoculation trough receives the seed potatoes from the seed metering device and passes the inoculation The sowing opening at the rear end of the trough places the seed potatoes in the ditch. The side shaping plates scrape up the excess soil on the side of the ridge and gather it on the top of the ridge. The top V-shaped shaping plate gathers the soil toward the middle and fills the trench opener ditch. At the same time, the drip irrigation tape limit ring is used to lay the drip irrigation tape on the ridge side.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the imitation ridge covering device includes a mulching frame, two hangers, a built-in support rod for film coating deformation and an external mulch imitation ridge-shaped limit rod. The hanger, the built-in support rod for film coating deformation and an external The imitation ridge-shaped limit rods of the mulch film are arranged from front to back. The built-in struts for deformation of the mulch film and the imitation ridge-shaped limit rods of the external mulch film are both trapezoidal with a small top and a large bottom. The two ends of the bottom of the built-in struts of the deformation film pass through The first connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the frame. The bottom two ends of the external mulching film imitation ridge-shaped limit rod are connected to the bottom of the frame through the second connecting rod. The hanger is connected to the bottom of the frame. The two ends of the mulching film frame are connected to the two sides respectively. The two hangers are connected. In step A, pull the mulch film above the deformed built-in support pole of the mulching film and below the imitation ridge-shaped limit rod of the external mulch film. In step D, the built-in support pole of the deformation film will hold up the mulch film. , unfold, deform, and wrap the mulch film along the ridge body, and use an external mulch film imitation ridge-shaped limit rod to suppress the mulch film.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the frame includes a front frame, a rear frame and a hydraulic lifting frame. The connection between the front frame and the rear frame is provided with frame lifting lugs, and the rear side bars on both sides of the rear frame pass through the third One pin is connected to the upper part of the frame lifting lugs, the front side rods on both sides of the front frame are connected to the lower part of the frame lifting lugs through the second pin, and the hydraulic lifting frame side rods on both sides of the hydraulic lifting frame are connected to the frame through the third pin. The rear end of the rear side rod is connected. There is an oil cylinder ear seat above the rear end of the rear side rod. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil cylinder ear seat through the first oil cylinder pin. A connecting plate is provided on the side rod of the hydraulic lifting frame. The connecting plate passes through the second The oil cylinder pin is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder. The rotary tiller and ridge combiner are connected under the front frame. The ridge shaping and seeding device and the imitation ridge covering device are connected under the rear frame. The ridge film covering device is located under the hydraulic lifting frame. , in steps C and D, the rear frame performs profiling rotation along the first pin, the ridge shaping and sowing device performs profiling sowing, and the imitation ridge covering device performs profiling coating.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The ridge film soil covering device can accurately and efficiently realize the mechanized ridge top and film emergence belt covering with soil, and the soil covering quality is good;

2. The ridge shaping and seeding device can realize ridge shaping and sowing at the ridge tip. The side shaping plates scrape up the excess soil on the ridge sides and gather it on the top of the ridge. The top V-shaped shaping plates can gather soil in the middle for better filling. The flat furrower scrapes the groove marks, smoothes the ridges and concavities, and smoothes the ridge surface, making the ridge body standardized in shape, good in shaping effect, and high in ridge body consistency. It realizes the agronomic standardization of ridge tip sowing, enhances the adaptability of ridge tip sowing, and is beneficial to Improve sowing performance and subsequent film and soil covering quality;

3. The rotary tiller can rotary till and mix the soil, mix the soil with different dryness and wetness evenly, and can break up larger soil clods. It cooperates with the ridge combiner to form a ridge with the same height, which is suitable for subsequent sowing and ridge construction. Plastic surgery procedures lay a good foundation;

4. The frame with profiling function realizes multi-position conjoined and limited profiling with degrees of freedom, which can adapt to uneven ground operations, reduce the longitudinal swing of the potato integrated seeder, and satisfy the profiling operation of each component of the seeder. Give full play to the effectiveness of sowing operations;

5. The imitation ridge film coating device has high film coating quality. The film deformation has built-in support rods to hold up the mulch film, causing the film to be partially deformed and applied to the ridge body. The film is covered according to the shape of the ridge body, and the external mulch film is placed to imitate the ridge shape. The limit rod can be used to press the film along the ridge body. The deformation of the film, the built-in support rod and the external mulch-imitation ridge-shaped limit rod cooperate with each other. Through the internal support and external pressure, the mulch film can be completely and docilely wrapped in the ridge;

6. The present invention covers all labor processes of mechanized potato sowing operations and realizes mechanized duplex operations to reduce manual labor and increase economic benefits;

7. The present invention has compact structure, convenient installation, use and maintenance, and low cost.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the ridge film soil covering device in the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single covering soil unit in the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil throwing blade in the present invention;

Figure 5 is a side view of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the ridge shaping sowing device in the present invention;

Figure 7 is a bottom view of the shaping device of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the trench opener of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the trench opener and the inoculation slot in the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the imitation ridge body coating device in the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the rack in the present invention.

In the picture, 1-traction frame; 2-seeder; 21-channel; 3-mulch film; 4-rotary tillage and ridging device; 41-rotary tiller; 42-ridge combiner; 5-ridge shaping and seeding device ; 51-bolt; 52-trencher; 53-inoculation slot; 531-seeding opening; 54-support plate; 541-top V-shaped shaping plate; 55-shaping scraper; 551-side shaping plate; 56- Copying lifting lugs; 57-copying spring; 58-copying connecting rod; 59-drip irrigation belt limit ring; 6-imitation ridge film covering device; 61-hanger; 62-film deformation built-in support rod; 621 -The first connecting rod; 63-mulching film frame; 64-external mulching film imitating ridge-shaped limit rod; 641-second connecting rod; 7-ground wheel; 8-ridge film covering device; 801-outer board; 802-circle Disc; 803-soil throwing blade; 804-shovel; 805-inner plate; 806-rotating shaft; 807-counterweight connecting sleeve; 808-side plate tie rod; 809-drive shaft; 810-main drive gear; 811-auxiliary Transmission gear; 812-transmission chain; 813-connecting gear; 814-hydraulic motor; 815-upper cover; 816-rear cover; 817-hydraulic oil pipe; 9-copying frame; 91-front frame; 911- Front side rod; 92-rear frame; 921-rear side rod; 922-limit block; 93-frame lifting eye; 931-first pin; 932-second pin; 94-hydraulic lifting frame; 941 -Hydraulic lifting frame side rod; 942-connecting plate; 10-hydraulic cylinder; 101-first cylinder pin; 102-second cylinder pin; 103-cylinder ear seat; 11-drip irrigation belt bracket; 12-drip irrigation belt fixation Wheel; 13-fertilizer box; 14-seed box; 15-third pin; 16-hook.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Take Figure 1 as an example, the left side is the front. A potato full-process integrated seeder, as shown in Figure 1, includes a frame 9, a ground wheel 7, a traction frame 1, a seed meter 2, a drip irrigation belt bracket 11, a fertilizer box 13 and a seed box 14. The drip irrigation belt bracket 11 There is a drip irrigation belt fixed wheel 12 on it, and also includes a rotary tillage and ridge device 4, a ridge shaping and seeding device 5, a ridge film soil covering device 8 and an imitation ridge film covering device 6. As shown in Figures 2 to 5, the ridge film soil covering device 8 includes two soil covering units arranged opposite each other. The soil covering unit includes a shovel 804, a rotating shaft 806 and a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes a disc 802 and a soil throwing blade 803. , the disc 802 is located on the rotating shaft 806, the disc 802 is convex and protrudes inward, the soil throwing blades 803 are evenly distributed on the inside of the disc 802 along the radial direction, the soil throwing blades 803 are seamlessly connected with the disc 802, the soil throwing blades 803 tilts downward along the axis of the rotating shaft 806. The rotating shaft 806 outside the disk 802 is provided with an outer plate 801. The upper end of the outer plate 801 is connected to the frame 9. The lower end of the outer plate 801 is connected to a shovel 804. The shovel 804 is located at At the front and bottom of the rotating mechanism, the outer plates 801 of the two soil-covered units are connected through a transmission shaft 809. The transmission shaft 809 outside the outer plate 801 is provided with a main transmission gear 810, and the rotating shaft 806 outside the outer plate 801 is provided with an auxiliary transmission gear. The transmission gear 811, the main transmission gear 810 and the auxiliary transmission gear 811 are connected through a transmission chain 812. One end of the transmission shaft 809 is provided with a connecting gear 813.

As shown in Figures 6 to 9, the ridge shaping sowing device 5 includes a trencher 52, an inoculation slot 53 and a shaper. The shaper is composed of a horizontally arranged support plate 54 and two shaping scrapers 55. The two shaping scrapers 55 The plates 55 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support plate 54, and the two shaping scrapers 55 are symmetrically provided with side shaping plates 551 on the rear side of the trencher. The side shaping plates 551 are inclined in the horizontal direction. The lower end of the shaping plate 551 faces the front of the seeder, the upper end of the side shaping plate 551 faces the rear of the seeder, and a top V-shaped shaping plate 541 is provided below the support plate 54. The sharp corner of the top V-shaped shaping plate 541 faces the sowing. At the rear of the machine, the top V-shaped shaping plate 541 is located behind the side shaping plate 551.

A drip irrigation tape limiting ring 59 is provided inside the shaping scraper 55 .

As shown in Figure 10, the imitation ridge covering device 6 includes a mulch frame 63, two hangers 61, a built-in support rod 62 for film deformation, and an external mulch imitation ridge-shaped limiting rod 64. The hanger 61, the film deformation The built-in struts 62 and the external mulch-imitation ridge-shaped limit rods 64 are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the film deformation. The built-in struts 62 and the external mulch-imitation ridge-shaped limit rods 64 are trapezoidal with a small top and a large bottom. The bottom two ends of the deformed built-in strut 62 are connected to the bottom of the frame 9 through the first connecting rod 621, and the bottom two ends of the external plastic film imitation ridge-shaped limit rod 64 are connected to the bottom of the frame 9 through the second connecting rod 641. The frame 61 is connected below the frame 9, and the two ends of the mulch film frame 63 are connected to two hangers 61 respectively.

As shown in Figure 11, the frame 9 includes a front frame 91, a rear frame 92 and a hydraulic lifting frame 94. The connection between the front frame 91 and the rear frame 92 is provided with frame lifting lugs 93. The rear frame 92 has two The rear side rod 921 on the side is connected to the upper part of the frame lifting lug 93 through the first pin 931, and the front side rods 911 on both sides of the front frame 91 are connected to the lower part of the frame lifting lug 93 through the second pin 932. The hydraulic The hydraulic lifting frame side rods 941 on both sides of the lifting frame 94 are connected to the rear end of the rear side rod 921 through the third pin 15. An oil cylinder ear seat 103 is provided above the rear end of the rear side rod 921. The hydraulic cylinder 10 passes through the first oil cylinder pin. 101 is connected to the oil cylinder ear seat 103. A connecting plate 942 is provided on the side rod 941 of the hydraulic lifting frame. The connecting plate 942 is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 10 through the second oil cylinder pin 102. The rotary tillage and ridging device 4 is connected to the front frame. 91, the ridge shaping sowing device 5 and the imitation ridge covering device 6 are connected below the rear frame 92, and the ridge film covering device 8 is located below the hydraulic lifting frame 94.

As shown in Figure 1, the rotary tillage and ridging device 4 includes a rotary tiller 41 and a ridge combiner 42. The ridge combiner 42 is located behind the rotary tiller 41.

In the ridge film soil covering device 8, an inner plate 805 is provided on the rotating shaft 806 close to the soil throwing blade 803. The lower end of the inner plate 805 is connected to the earth shovel 804, and the upper end of the inner plate 805 is at one-half the height of the rotating mechanism. position, the inner plate 805 can help increase the soil throwing height and maximize the soil throwing efficiency. There is a side plate tie rod 808 between the inner plate 805 and the outer plate 801. The side plate tie rod 808 can enhance the stability of the inner plate and the outer plate. ;

The soil-throwing blade 803 is bent in the rotation direction near the edge of the disk 802. The angle θ between the soil-throwing blade 803 and the rotating shaft 806 is 20 degrees to 30 degrees, which is beneficial to lifting and throwing the soil to the ridge top. ;

It also includes a counterweight connecting sleeve 807. The counterweight connecting sleeve 807 is located in the center of the disk 802 and on the same side as the soil throwing blade 803. The counterweight connecting sleeve 807 allows the disk 802 to rotate at a constant speed during the working process and increases the inertia of the soil throwing blade 803. force to make the thickness of the covering soil consistent;

There are at least two drip irrigation tape limit rings 59 on the inside of each shaping scraper 55, so that the effect of limit laying is better;

It also includes an upper cover 815 and a rear cover 816. Both sides of the upper cover 815 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two outer panels 801. Both sides of the rear cover 816 are respectively connected to the rear ends of the two outer panels 801. The cover plate 815 and the rear cover plate 816 can prevent dust.

In the ridge shaping and sowing device 5, the angle α between the side shaping plate 551 and the horizontal direction is 15 degrees to 30 degrees. If the angle α is less than 15 degrees, the length of the shaper will be increased. If the angle α is greater than 30 degrees, the side angle α will increase. When the shaping plate 551 is resisted, it will move upward and away from the optimal shaping height of the ridge body, thereby reducing the soil flow and affecting the leveling effect of the V-shaped shaping plate 541 on the ridge surface. At the same time, it will also bring problems to the advancement of the seeder. certain resistance;

The sharp angle β of the top V-shaped shaping plate 541 is 90 degrees to 120 degrees. The sharp angle β is less than 90 degrees, which will increase the length of the shaper. The sharp angle β is greater than 120 degrees, and the soil will not accumulate in the middle of the ridge surface, resulting in greater resistance. When the soil flow hits the top and the shaper moves upward, it is difficult for the V-shaped shaping plate 541 to smooth the ridge surface and even fill the sowing ditch. At the same time, it will also bring certain resistance to the advancement of the seeder;

A profiling lifting lug 56 is provided outside the shaping scraper 55. A profiling connecting rod 58 is provided in the hole of the profiling lifting lug 56. The profiling lifting lug 56 can slide relative to the profiling connecting rod 58. The profiling lifting lug 56 A copying spring 57 is connected above, and the upper ends of the copying spring 57 and the copying connecting rod 58 are connected to the frame 9. During the sowing process, the ridge shaping sowing device 5 can move along with the copying spring 57;

The seed metering device 2 is located above the support plate 54. The support plate 54 is provided with a through hole. The trench opener 52 is located below the support plate 54. The trench opener 52 passes through the through hole on the support plate 54 and is connected to the seed metering device through bolts 51. At the lower end of the seed metering device 2, the inoculation groove 53 is located in the trencher 52 and is connected to the lower end of the seed metering device 2;

The lower end of the seed metering device 2 is provided with a vertical through groove 21. The bolt 51 is located in the through groove 21 and can move up and down in the through groove 21. The position of the trench opener 52 can be adjusted up and down according to the sowing requirements;

The bottom surface of the front end of the inoculation tank 53 is higher than the bottom surface of the rear end, which is beneficial to the discharge of seed potatoes.

In the imitation ridge film covering device 6, the height of the external mulch imitation ridge-shaped limiting rod 64 is not greater than the height of the film-deformed built-in strut 62, which can enhance the film pressing effect;

The external plastic film imitating ridge-shaped limit rod 64 is 20-50mm higher than the ridge surface to avoid damaging the ridge body;

Both ends of the mulching film frame 63 are connected to the hanger 61 through bearings, so that the film can be pulled more smoothly when covering the film.

In the frame 9, a limit block 922 is provided at the rear end of the rear frame 92. The limit block 922 is located below the side rod 941 of the hydraulic lift frame. The limit block 922 limits the downward rotation of the hydraulic lift frame 94;

A hook 16 is provided on the hydraulic lifting frame 10. When the hydraulic lifting frame 94 is folded, the hydraulic lifting frame can be fixed by the hook 16 to increase stability.

The following examples can further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form.

Embodiment 1. A method for sowing potatoes with a full-process integrated seeder, including the following steps:

A. Connect the traction frame 1 to the power machine, hang the drip irrigation belt on the drip irrigation belt fixed wheel 12 and pull it to the ridge side, connect the connecting gear 813 to the hydraulic motor 814, and connect the hydraulic oil pipe 817 on the hydraulic motor 814 to the power machine. On the mechanical hydraulic distributor, hang the mulch film 3 on the mulch film rack 63 and pull it to the imitation ridge body covering device 6, and put the seed potatoes into the seed box 14;

B. Turn on the power machinery, move the potato integrated seeder forward, the rotary tillage and ridging device 4 performs rotary tillage and ridging, and the fertilizer box 13 applies fertilizer during the ridging process;

C. The seed potatoes in the seed box 14 are seeded by the seed metering device 2 and then fall into the ridge shaping and sowing device 5. The ridge shaping and sowing device 5 carries out trenching, sowing and shaping of the ridge;

D. The imitation ridge covering device 6 covers the film along the shape of the ridge;

E. The power device provides power to the rotating shaft 806 through the connecting gear 813, the transmission shaft 809, the main transmission gear 810, the transmission chain 812 and the auxiliary transmission gear 811. The rotating shaft 806 drives the disc 802 to rotate, and the earth shovel 804 shovels the soil on the side of the ridge. The soil-throwing blade 803 picks up the soil with the rotation of the disc 802 and throws the soil inward to the seedling emergence belt on the film. The excess soil on the emergence belt slides to the bottom of the ridge and compacts the edges of the mulch film on the ridge side to form a ridge. The operation mode is to top-press soil and ridge and furrow mulching to press soil and edge sealing.

Embodiment 2. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in step B, the rotary cultivator 41 stirs and processes the soil particles, and the ridge combiner 42 closes the ridges while applying fertilizer.

Embodiment 3. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that in step A, the drip irrigation tape is pulled into the drip irrigation tape limit ring 59; in step C, the trench opener 52 opens a trench on the ridge body, and the drainage tape is discharged. The seed device 2 arranges the seed potatoes in the seed box 14. The inoculation groove 53 receives the seed potatoes from the seed meter 2 and places the seed potatoes in the ditch through the sowing opening 531 behind the inoculation groove 53. A shaping plate 551 is placed on the side. Scrape up the excess soil on the side of the ridge and gather it on the top of the ridge. Place a V-shaped shaping plate 541 on the top to gather the soil toward the middle, fill the trench marks of the opener, smooth out the ridges and concavities, and level the ridge surface. Place a shaping plate 551 on the side. Together with the top V-shaped shaping plate 541, the ridge body is shaped. At the same time, the drip irrigation tape limit ring 59 lays the drip irrigation tape on the ridge side.

Embodiment 4. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that in step A, the mulch film 3 is pulled above the built-in support rod 62 for deformation of the mulch film and below the external mulch film imitation ridge-shaped limiting rod 64; In D, the built-in support rods 62 for film deformation hold up, unfold, and deform the mulch film 3, and wrap and cover the mulch film 3 along the ridge body. Cover and apply it snugly on the ridge body.

Embodiment 5. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that in steps C and D, the rear frame 92 performs profiling rotation along the first pin 931, and the ridge shaping sowing device 5 performs profiling sowing, imitating the ridge. The body coating device 6 performs contour coating; when moving in the field and turning at the head of the field, the hydraulic lifting frame 94 can be folded to shorten the overall length of the seeder, making the movement and turning of the seeder more flexible, and the hydraulic cylinder 10 extends When the connecting plate 942 pulls the hydraulic lifting frame 94 to fold upward, when the hydraulic cylinder 10 is retracted, the hydraulic lifting frame 94 falls back to a position flush with the rear frame 92, and the driver can control the folding and lowering of the hydraulic lifting frame 94 through the joystick. flat.

In the present invention, the seeder integrates seven operation processes of rotary tillage, fertilization and ridge closing, seeding, ridge shaping, laying of drip irrigation tape, film covering, and soil covering of the seedling emergence tape on the film. It can not only fully meet the agronomic requirements of potato sowing, but also It also achieves full automation, saving manpower and reducing costs.

Claims (10)

1. A potato full-process integrated seeder, including a frame, a ground wheel, a traction frame, a seed metering device, a drip irrigation belt bracket, a fertilizer box and a seed box. The drip irrigation belt bracket is provided with a drip irrigation belt fixed wheel, and is characterized by: It also includes a rotary tillage and ridge device (4), a ridge shaping and seeding device (5), a ridge film covering device (8) and an imitation ridge film covering device (6). The ridge film soil covering device (8) includes two soil covering units arranged oppositely. The soil covering unit includes a shovel (804), a rotating shaft (806) and a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes a disk (802) and a throwing machine. The soil blade (803) and the disk (802) are located on the rotating shaft (806). The disk (802) is convex and protrudes inward. The soil throwing blades (803) are evenly distributed on the inside of the disk (802) along the radial direction. The soil-throwing blade (803) is seamlessly connected to the disc (802). The soil-throwing blade (803) tilts downward along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (806). The rotating shaft (806) outside the disc (802) is provided with an outer plate ( 801), the upper end of the outer plate (801) is connected to the frame (9), and the lower end of the outer plate (801) is connected to a shovel (804). The shovel (804) is located at the front and bottom of the rotating mechanism, and the two soil-covering units are The outer plates (801) are connected through the transmission shaft (809). The main transmission gear (810) is provided on the transmission shaft (809) outside the outer plate (801). The rotating shaft (806) outside the outer plate (801) There is an auxiliary transmission gear (811), the main transmission gear (810) and the auxiliary transmission gear (811) are connected through a transmission chain (812), and one end of the transmission shaft (809) is provided with a connecting gear (813). 2. The potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ridge shaping sowing device (5) includes a trench opener (52), an inoculation groove (53) and a shaper, and the shaping device The device is composed of a horizontal support plate (54) and two shaping scrapers (55). The two shaping scrapers (55) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support plate (54). The two shaping scrapers (55) are symmetrical on the inside. A side shaping plate (551) is provided. The side shaping plate (551) is located on the rear side of the opener. The side shaping plate (551) is inclined in the horizontal direction. The lower end of the side shaping plate (551) faces the seeder. In front, the upper end of the side shaping plate (551) faces the rear of the seeder. There is a top V-shaped shaping plate (541) under the support plate (54). The sharp corner of the top V-shaped shaping plate (541) faces the seeder. At the rear, the top V-shaped shaping plate (541) is located behind the side shaping plate (551). 3. The potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: a drip irrigation belt limit ring (59) is provided inside the shaping scraper (55). 4. The potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that: the imitation ridge film covering device (6) includes a mulching film frame (63), two hangers (61), and a built-in film covering deformation device. The support rod (62) and the external plastic film imitation ridge-shaped limit rod (64), the hanger (61), the film-deformed built-in support rod (62) and the external plastic film imitation ridge-shaped limit rod (64) are from Arranged in order from front to back, the built-in struts (62) for film deformation and the imitation ridge-shaped limit bars (64) for external mulching are both trapezoids with a small top and a large bottom. The two ends of the bottom of the built-in struts (62) for film deformation pass through The first connecting rod (621) is connected to the bottom of the frame (9), and the bottom two ends of the external plastic film imitating ridge-shaped limit rod (64) are connected to the bottom of the frame (9) through the second connecting rod (641). The frame (61) is connected below the frame (9), and the two ends of the mulching film frame (63) are connected to two hangers (61) respectively. 5. The potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: the frame (9) includes a front frame (91), a rear frame (92) and a hydraulic lifting frame (94). The connection between the front frame (91) and the rear frame (92) is provided with frame lifting lugs (93), and the rear side rods (921) on both sides of the rear frame (92) pass through the first pin (931) The hydraulic lifting frame is connected to the upper part of the frame lifting lugs (93), and the front side rods (911) on both sides of the front frame (91) are connected to the lower part of the frame lifting lugs (93) through the second pin (932). (94) The hydraulic lifting frame side rods (941) on both sides are connected to the rear end of the rear side rod (921) through the third pin (15). There is an oil cylinder ear seat (103) above the rear end of the rear side rod (921). , the hydraulic cylinder (10) is connected to the cylinder ear seat (103) through the first cylinder pin (101), a connecting plate (942) is provided on the side rod (941) of the hydraulic lifting frame, and the connecting plate (942) passes through the second The oil cylinder pin (102) is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic oil cylinder (10), the rotary tillage and ridging device (4) is connected below the front frame (91), the ridge shaping and sowing device (5) and the imitation ridge covering The membrane device (6) is connected below the rear frame (92), and the ridge membrane soil covering device (8) is located below the hydraulic lifting frame (94). 6. The potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: the rotary tillage and ridging device (4) includes a rotary tiller (41) and a ridge combiner (42), and the ridge combiner (42) Located behind the rotary tiller (41). 7. A sowing method for a potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that it includes the following steps: A. Connect the traction frame (1) to the power machine, hang the drip irrigation belt on the drip irrigation belt fixed wheel (12) and pull it to the ridge side, connect the connecting gear (813) to the power device, and hang the mulch film (3) on Put the mulch frame (63) on and pull it toward the imitation ridge body mulching device (6), and put the seed potatoes into the seed box (14); B. Turn on the power machinery, the potato integrated seeder moves forward, the rotary tillage and ridging device (4) performs rotary tillage and ridging, and the fertilizer box (13) applies fertilizer during the ridging process; C. The seed potatoes in the seed box (14) are seeded by the seed metering device (2) and then fall into the ridge shaping and sowing device (5). undergo plastic surgery; D. The imitation ridge covering device (6) covers the film along the shape of the ridge; E. The power device provides power to the rotating shaft (806) through the connecting gear (813), transmission shaft (809), main transmission gear (810), transmission chain (812) and auxiliary transmission gear (811), and the rotating shaft (806) drives the circular The disk (802) rotates, the soil shovel (804) shovels up the soil on the ridge side, and the soil throwing blade (803) picks up the soil as the disk (802) rotates and throws the soil inward until the seedlings emerge on the film. The excess soil on the seedling emergence belt will slide to the bottom of the ridge, suppressing the mulch film. 8. The sowing method of potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that: the rotary tillage and ridging device (4) includes a rotary tiller (41) and a ridge combiner (42), and the ridge combiner (42) is located behind the rotary tiller (41), In step B, the rotary tiller (41) stirs and processes the soil particles, and the ridge combiner (42) closes the ridges while applying fertilizer; In step A, pull the drip irrigation tape into the drip irrigation tape limit ring (59). In step C, the trencher (52) opens a trench on the ridge, and the inoculation trough (53) receives the seed potatoes from the seed metering device (2) and inserts the seeds through the sowing opening (531) at the rear end of the inoculation trough (53). The potatoes are placed in the ditch, and the side shaping plates (551) are placed to scrape up the excess soil on the side of the ridge and gather it on the top of the ridge, and the V-shaped shaping plate (541) is placed on the top to gather the soil toward the middle and fill the trench marks of the trench opener. , scrape the convex and concave surfaces, and level the ridge surface. At the same time, the drip irrigation belt limit ring (59) lays the drip irrigation belt on the ridge side. 9. The sowing method of potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step A, the mulch film (3) is pulled to the deformed built-in support rod (62) of the mulch film and the mulch film is placed outside. Under the imitation ridge-shaped limit rod (64), In step D, the mulch deformation built-in support rod (62) supports, unfolds, and deforms the mulch film (3), and wraps the mulch film (3) along the ridge body, and the external mulch film imitation ridge-shaped limit rod (64 ) suppress the mulch film (3). 10. The sowing method of potato full-process integrated seeder according to claim 9, characterized in that: the frame (9) includes a front frame (91), a rear frame (92) and a hydraulic lifting frame (94 ), the connection between the front frame (91) and the rear frame (92) is provided with frame lifting lugs (93), and the rear side rods (921) on both sides of the rear frame (92) pass through the first pin (931) is connected to the upper part of the frame lifting lugs (93), and the front side rods (911) on both sides of the front frame (91) are connected to the lower part of the frame lifting lugs (93) through the second pin (932). The hydraulic lifting frame side rods (941) on both sides of the hydraulic lifting frame (94) are connected to the rear end of the rear side rod (921) through the third pin (15). There is an oil cylinder ear seat above the rear end of the rear side rod (921). (103), the hydraulic cylinder (10) is connected to the cylinder ear seat (103) through the first cylinder pin (101), and a connecting plate (942) is provided on the side rod (941) of the hydraulic lifting frame. The connecting plate (942) The second oil cylinder pin (102) is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder (10). The rotary tiller (41) and the ridge combiner (42) are connected below the front frame (91). The ridge shaping and seeding device ( 5) and the imitation ridge film covering device (6) are connected below the rear frame (92), and the ridge film covering device (8) is located below the hydraulic lifting frame (94), In steps C and D, the rear frame (92) performs copying rotation along the first pin (931), the ridge body shaping and sowing device (5) performs copying sowing, and the ridge body shaping and covering device (6) performs copying sowing. shaped coating.