CN113892405A - Method for mixed sowing of oat and alfalfa in black land - Google Patents
Method for mixed sowing of oat and alfalfa in black land Download PDFInfo
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- CN113892405A CN113892405A CN202111148315.7A CN202111148315A CN113892405A CN 113892405 A CN113892405 A CN 113892405A CN 202111148315 A CN202111148315 A CN 202111148315A CN 113892405 A CN113892405 A CN 113892405A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for sowing oat and alfalfa in a mixing manner according to the ecological environment and soil condition of black land, so that the yield and quality of oat and alfalfa are improved, the acre yield of hay can reach 550kg, the yield of crude protein can reach 27kg, and meanwhile, the soil quality and the ecological environment of the black land can be improved based on the growth of oat and alfalfa; meanwhile, a specific seed treating agent is selected, so that the high germination rate and the good drilling uniformity of the seeds can be ensured, and the problem of uneven drilling caused by small seed particle sizes of the oat and the alfalfa is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pasture planting, and particularly relates to a method for mixed seeding of oat and alfalfa in black land.
Background
The black land is an important natural resource in China and plays a great role in agricultural development in China, however, the black land is thinned and hardened due to the fact that an unreasonable plowing planting mode is adopted for a long time and water and soil conservation and repeated rolling of agricultural machinery and instruments are neglected, organic matter content is reduced, and the black land resource is degraded. Therefore, effective measures are taken to reasonably develop black land resources and improve the quality of the black land soil.
The pasture mixed sowing is a planting mode that two or more pasture varieties with different types and biological groups are simultaneously mixed and sowed on the same land, so that the yield and the quality of the pasture can be improved, the soil erosion can be reduced, and the soil quality can be improved.
The oat is annual gramineae forage grass, has the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, strong adaptability and the like, is rich in nutritive value and high in yield, is favorite for livestock regardless of green hay and seeds, and is the first choice for supplementing feed in winter and spring and establishing artificial grasslands. Alfalfa is perennial pasture of leguminous, has high-quality protein and high-quality fiber, is called as the king of pasture, has the advantages of developed root system, dense stems and leaves, strong adaptability and the like, can grow under various climatic conditions and soil conditions, and has relatively strong vitality.
Chinese patent CN2018105567469 discloses a method for building artificial grassland in dry and warm valley slag fields in alpine regions, wherein alfalfa and oat seeds are selected for mixed sowing, vegetation recovery efficiency is improved, and the ecological environment of the valley slag fields is rapidly recovered. Duxin et al (the influence of the oat and alfalfa mixed sowing mode on the yield and quality, Henan agricultural science, 2011) researches the influence of the mixed sowing mode on the yield and quality of the oat and alfalfa, and the results show that the mixed sowing treatment has almost no influence on the plant height and the stem-leaf ratio of the mixed pasture, the mixed sowing is superior to the mixed sowing, and the oat and alfalfa have more advantages of 3: 1.
The yield and the quality of the pasture are closely related to the cultivation method and the ecological environment, and the reasonable cultivation method can effectively improve the yield of the mixed-sowing grassland and improve the nutritional quality of the pasture, so that the research difficulty in the field is that how to design a proper cultivation method according to the ecological environment of the black land.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for mixed sowing of oats and alfalfa in the black land, and a suitable method for mixed sowing of the rye and the alfalfa is designed according to the ecological environment and the soil condition of the black land, so that the yield and the quality of the rye and the alfalfa are improved, meanwhile, the soil quality and the ecological environment of the black land are improved, and a better alternative scheme is provided for sustainable use of the black land.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method for sowing the oat and the alfalfa in the black land in a mixed manner comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 20-30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 25-40 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing oat and alfalfa seeds according to a weight ratio of 100: 20-50, and then uniformly mixing the oat and alfalfa seeds with a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 8-10 times of the total weight of the oat and alfalfa seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-20 parts of slow release fertilizer, 5-10 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 2-5 parts of straw powder and 30-50 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drilling method, wherein the sowing distance is 15-25cm, the sowing depth is 4-6cm, the sowing amount is 2-5 kg/mu, and watering is carried out after covering soil for 1-2cm after sowing is finished, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 10-15%;
(4) management of field
Keeping the water content in the soil of the black land sufficient, and carrying out artificial weeding or weeding by using a herbicide in due time;
(5) mowing
And (5) carrying out mixed mowing in the oat milk ripeness stage, wherein the height of the remained stubbles is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, the oat and alfalfa seeds are screened to remove impurities, insect-resistant grains and shrunken grains, and the germination rate is more than 80%.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the oat seeds to the alfalfa seeds is 150-;
preferably, the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer,
preferably, the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide commercially available in the art; one selected from imidacloprid, nitenpyram, carbendazim and abamectin;
preferably, the particle size of the straw powder is 1-3 cm;
preferably, the drill may be replaced with a broadcast method.
Preferably, the field management in the step (4) comprises a fertilization step, the fertilizer is added after watering, and the fertilizer is selected from at least one of urea and diammonium phosphate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a method for sowing oat and alfalfa in a mixing manner according to the ecological environment and soil condition of black land, the yield and quality of oat and alfalfa are provided, the acre yield of hay can reach 550kg, the yield of crude protein can reach 27kg, and meanwhile, the soil quality and ecological environment of the black land can be improved based on the growth of oat and alfalfa.
(2) The invention selects the specific seed treating agent, can ensure higher germination rate and good drill seeding uniformity of the seeds, and solves the problem of uneven seeding caused by small seed particle size of the oat and the alfalfa.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A method for sowing oat and alfalfa in a black land in a mixed mode comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 20cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 30 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing oat and alfalfa seeds according to a weight ratio of 100:20, and then uniformly mixing the oat and alfalfa seeds with a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 10 times of the total weight of the oat and alfalfa seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 20 parts of slow-release fertilizer, 10 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 2 parts of straw powder and 30 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing distance is 25cm, the sowing depth is 6cm, the sowing quantity is 5 kg/mu, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(4) management of field
Keeping the water content in the soil of the black land sufficient, and carrying out artificial weeding in time;
(5) mowing
And (5) carrying out mixed mowing in the oat milk ripeness stage, wherein the stubble height is 6 cm.
Impurities, insect-resistant grains and shrunken grains of the oat and alfalfa seeds are removed through screening, and the germination rate is over 80 percent; the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the particle size of the straw powder is 3 cm.
Example 2
A method for sowing oat and alfalfa in a black land in a mixed mode comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 40 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing oat and alfalfa seeds according to a weight ratio of 200:20, and then uniformly mixing the oat and alfalfa seeds with a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 8 times of the total weight of the oat and alfalfa seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts of slow-release fertilizer, 10 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 5 parts of straw powder and 50 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing distance is 15cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, the sowing quantity is 5 kg/mu, and watering is carried out after 1cm of soil covering is finished to ensure that the soil humidity is 10%;
(4) management of field
The water in the soil of the black land is kept sufficient, and the herbicide is used for weeding at proper time;
(5) mowing
Carrying out mixed mowing in the oat milk ripeness stage, wherein the stubble height is 5 cm;
preferably, the oat and alfalfa seeds are screened to remove impurities, insect-resistant grains and shrunken grains, and the germination rate is more than 80%; the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer,
the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; selected from imidacloprid; the particle size of the straw powder is 2 cm; the field management in the step (4) comprises a fertilization step, wherein additional fertilization is performed after watering, and fertilizers are selected from urea.
Example 3
A method for sowing oat and alfalfa in a black land in a mixed mode comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 25cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 25 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing oat and alfalfa seeds according to a weight ratio of 150:20, and then uniformly mixing the oat and alfalfa seeds with a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 9 times of the total weight of the oat and alfalfa seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts of slow-release fertilizer, 8 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 4 parts of straw powder and 40 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing distance is 20cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, the sowing quantity is 4 kg/mu, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(4) management of field
Keeping the water content in the soil of the black land sufficient, and carrying out artificial weeding in time;
(5) mowing
Carrying out mixed mowing in the oat milk ripeness stage, wherein the stubble height is 8 cm;
preferably, the oat and alfalfa seeds are screened to remove impurities, insect-resistant grains and shrunken grains, and the germination rate is more than 80%; the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; one selected from abamectin; the particle size of the straw powder is 2 cm; the field management in the step (4) comprises a fertilization step, wherein additional fertilization is performed after watering, and the fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate.
Comparative example 1
A method for sowing oats in black land comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 25cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 25 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing oat seeds with a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 9 times of the total weight of the oat seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts of slow-release fertilizer, 8 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 4 parts of straw powder and 40 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing distance is 20cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, the sowing quantity is 4 kg/mu, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(4) management of field
Keeping the water content in the soil of the black land sufficient, and carrying out artificial weeding in time;
(5) mowing
Carrying out mixed mowing in the oat milk ripeness stage, wherein the stubble height is 8 cm;
preferably, the oat is screened to remove impurities, insect-disease grains and shrunken grains, and the germination rate is more than 80%; the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; one selected from abamectin; the particle size of the straw powder is 2 cm; the field management in the step (4) comprises a fertilization step, wherein additional fertilization is performed after watering, and the fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate.
Comparative example 2
A method for sowing alfalfa in black land comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 25cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 25 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing alfalfa seeds and a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 9 times of the total weight of the alfalfa seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts of slow-release fertilizer, 8 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 4 parts of straw powder and 40 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing distance is 20cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, the sowing quantity is 4 kg/mu, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(4) management of field
Keeping the water content in the soil of the black land sufficient, and carrying out artificial weeding in time;
(5) mowing
Mixed cutting is carried out in the full-bloom period of the alfalfa, and the height of the remained stubble is 8 cm;
preferably, the alfalfa is screened to remove impurities, insect-resistant grains and shrunken grains, and the germination rate is more than 80%; the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; one selected from abamectin; the particle size of the straw powder is 2 cm; the field management in the step (4) comprises a fertilization step, wherein additional fertilization is performed after watering, and the fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate.
The hay yields and crude protein yields of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
Numbering | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
The hay yield is kg/mu | 551.5 | 558.6 | 554.4 | 398.9 | 285.3 |
The crude protein yield is kg/mu | 27.3 | 27.5 | 27.6 | 21.9 | 4.6 |
From the experimental data in table 1, it can be found that the present invention provides a method for mixed sowing of oats and alfalfa according to the ecological environment and soil condition of black land, provides the yield and quality of oats and alfalfa, the acre yield of hay can reach 550kg, the yield of crude protein can reach 27kg, and at the same time, can improve the soil quality and ecological environment of black land based on the growth of oats and alfalfa.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for sowing oat and alfalfa in a black land in a mixed manner is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation
Ploughing the black land to a depth of 20-30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, and watering once, wherein the water penetration depth is 25-40 cm;
(2) seed pretreatment
Uniformly mixing oat and alfalfa seeds according to a weight ratio of 100: 20-50, and then uniformly mixing the oat and alfalfa seeds with a seed treatment agent, wherein the dosage of the seed treatment agent is 8-10 times of the total weight of the oat and alfalfa seeds, and the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-20 parts of slow release fertilizer, 5-10 parts of antibacterial insecticide, 2-5 parts of straw powder and 30-50 parts of black land soil;
(3) seeding
Sowing by adopting a drilling method, wherein the sowing distance is 15-25cm, the sowing depth is 4-6cm, the sowing amount is 2-5 kg/mu, and watering is carried out after covering soil for 1-2cm after sowing is finished, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 10-15%;
(4) management of field
Keeping the water content in the soil of the black land sufficient, and carrying out artificial weeding or weeding by using a herbicide in due time;
(5) mowing
And (5) carrying out mixed mowing in the oat milk ripeness stage, wherein the height of the remained stubbles is 5-8 cm.
2. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the oat and alfalfa seeds are screened to remove impurities, insect-resistant grains and shrunken grains, and the germination rate is over 80 percent.
3. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the oat seeds to the alfalfa seeds is 150-200: 20-50.
4. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the slow release fertilizer is a slow release nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
5. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; is one selected from imidacloprid, nitenpyram, carbendazim and abamectin.
6. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the particle size of the straw powder is 1-3 cm.
7. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the drill may be replaced with a broadcast method.
8. The method for sowing oat and alfalfa in black land in a mixed manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the field management in the step (4) comprises a fertilization step, wherein additional fertilization is performed after watering, and the fertilizer is selected from at least one of urea and diammonium phosphate.
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Citations (1)
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CN106717988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 石河子大学 | A kind of clover and wheat mixed planting method |
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CN106717988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 石河子大学 | A kind of clover and wheat mixed planting method |
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