CN113882153B - 一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法 - Google Patents
一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,属于功能高分子材料制备领域。所述方法将催化剂和碱性物质粉末加入到水溶液中,混合均匀得到反应液,再将聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中,在80℃~120℃下反应0.5h~5h,取出纤维,浸入酸溶液反应0.5h~3h,再次取出纤维,洗涤至中性,得到羧酸纤维。所述方法以无毒、低成本的聚丙烯酸盐为催化剂,利用其可与聚丙烯腈纤维中的氰基或水解生成的酰胺基团形成多元环过渡态,使水解在反应之初就具备了发生自催化的条件,在相同条件下水解获得相同羧基含量的羧酸纤维,不含催化剂的体系反应时间是添加催化剂体系的2倍以上,因此本方法可缩短反应时间,提高生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,属于功能高分子材料制备领域。
背景技术
聚丙烯腈纤维是商品化的合成纤维材料,功能高分子材料制备领域以其为改性基体,具有价格适中、供应稳定的优势。聚丙烯腈纤维中的氰基可在酸或碱性溶液中水解为酰胺,进一步反应转型得到羧酸基团。羧基具有离子交换和高反应活性两种性能。含羧基的材料通过离子交换,能吸附水中的重金属离子,净化水质,在水处理领域有广泛应用;利用羧基反应活性高的特点,也可以接枝含氨基、羟基、巯基等基团的功能分子,制备其它功能材料,在新材料开发方面有较大潜力。因此,以聚丙烯腈为基体,通过水解反应得到羧酸材料,是一种具有产业化潜力的羧酸材料生产方法。
在氢氧化钠等碱性溶液中,聚丙烯腈可水解得到羧钠纤维,在酸性溶液中浸泡,有羧钠纤维转型为羧酸纤维。管迎梅等在《聚丙烯腈纤维碱法部分水解机理研究》中对水解过程中六元环中间体的形成进行了研究,揭示了聚丙烯腈纤维水解过程中存在自催化现象。聚丙烯腈纤维在水解过程生成酰胺和羧基会与聚丙烯腈纤维自身未水解的氰基形成多元环过渡态,从而使水解速度突然加快。但是这个自催化现象需要在反应进行一段时间,水解产物浓度达到一定程度后才会发生,在一定程度上限制了生产效率。
已见报道的文献中,聚丙烯腈纤维水解的催化剂主要有二氮杂二环(DBU)、有机铋试剂和四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)。其中,DBU毒性高,在反应温度下挥发量大,造成空气污染。有机铋试剂含有重金属离子,对操作工人和环境有较大伤害。TBAB价格高,且反应后形成不溶性固废,环保处理成本高。
发明内容
为克服现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法。
为实现本发明的目的,提供以下技术方案。
一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,所述方法步骤如下:
将催化剂和碱性物质粉末加入到水溶液中,混合均匀得到反应液,再将聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中,在80℃~120℃下反应0.5h~5h,取出纤维,浸入酸溶液反应0.5h~3h,再次取出纤维,洗涤至中性,得到羧酸纤维(PAN-COOH)。
所述催化剂为聚丙烯酸盐;优选所述催化剂为聚丙烯酸钠;更优选聚丙烯酸钠的分子量为500~2000。
所述碱性物质为可溶性无机碱,优选氢氧化钠。
所述聚丙烯腈纤维与反应液的质量比为1:20~1:50。
以所述反应液的质量为100%计,其中,催化剂的质量分数为0.05%~1%,优选的质量分数为0.1%~0.4%。
以所述反应液的质量为100%计,其中碱性物质的质量分数为0.5%~5%,优选质量分数为1%~2%。
催化剂和碱性物质的质量比优选为1:5~1:10。
所述酸性溶液为酸性物质配制而成的水溶液,优选酸性物质为无机酸,更优选酸性物质为盐酸或硫酸。
所述酸性溶液中氢离子(H+)浓度为0.5mol/L~2mol/L。
优选的,聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中的反应温度为90℃~100℃。
优选的,聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中的反应时间为1h~2h。
有益效果
1.本发明提供了一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维(PAN-COOH)的方法,所述方法以聚丙烯酸盐为催化剂,利用其可与聚丙烯腈纤维中的氰基或水解生成的酰胺基团形成多元环过渡态,使水解在反应之初就具备了发生自催化的条件,在相同条件下水解获得相同羧基含量的羧酸纤维,不含催化剂的体系反应时间是添加催化剂体系的2倍以上,因此本方法可缩短反应时间,提高生产效率。
2.本发明提供了一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,所述方法以无毒、低成本的聚丙烯酸盐为催化剂,替代了高成本、高污染的DBU、有机铋和TBAB,生产过程更环保,有良好的产业化前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中原料聚丙烯腈纤维的红外光谱图。
图2为实施例1中终产物的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例来详述本发明,但不作为对本发明专利的限定。
对实施例1~3的原料和终产物进行如下测试:
1.傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR):Nicolet 6700傅里叶变换红外光谱仪。测试条件:扫描波数400~4000cm-1,分辨率4cm-1,扫描次数32。
2.羧基含量测试:参照《GB/T-5760-1986阴离子交换树脂交换容量测定方法》和《GB/T-8144-2008阳离子交换树脂交换容量测定方法》,对终产物进行滴定,测试产物中的羧基含量。
对比例1
将0.4g氢氧化钠加入去离子水中溶解均匀,得到80g反应液。将4g聚丙烯腈纤维放入80g反应液中,在80℃条件下反应5h,取出纤维,浸泡入0.5mol/L的盐酸水溶液中0.5h,得到终产物。
对比例2
将4.8g氢氧化钠加入去离子水中溶解均匀,得到120g反应液。将4g聚丙烯腈纤维放入120g反应液中,在120℃条件下反应2h,取出纤维,浸泡入1mol/L的盐酸水溶液中1h,得到终产物。
对比例3
将10g氢氧化钠加入去离子水中溶解均匀,得到200g反应液。将4g聚丙烯腈纤维放入200g反应液中,在120℃条件下反应0.5h,取出纤维,浸泡入1mol/L的硫酸水溶液中3h,得到终产物。
实施例1
将0.08g分子量为500的聚丙烯酸钠和0.4g氢氧化钠加入去离子水中混合均匀,得到80g反应液。将4g聚丙烯腈纤维放入80g反应液中,在80℃条件下反应5h,取出纤维,浸泡入0.5mol/L的盐酸水溶液中0.5h,得到终产物。
实施例2
将0.48g分子量为1000的聚丙烯酸钠和4.8g氢氧化钠加入去离子水中混合均匀,得到120g反应液。将4g聚丙烯腈纤维放入120g反应液中,在120℃条件下反应2h,取出纤维,浸泡入1mol/L的盐酸水溶液中1h,得到终产物。
实施例3
将2g分子量为2000的聚丙烯酸钾和10g氢氧化钠加入去离子水中混合均匀,得到200g反应液。将4g聚丙烯腈纤维放入200g反应液中,在120℃条件下反应0.5h,取出纤维,浸泡入1mol/L的硫酸水溶液中3h,得到终产物。
对实施例1的原料聚丙烯腈纤维进行红外表征,结果如图1所示。聚丙烯腈纤维的红外吸收峰较多且比较复杂,这主要是由于聚丙烯腈纤维中还含有少量的第二、三组分,如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和醋酸乙烯酯等所造成的,这些组分的特征官能团都会在红外吸收光谱中产生对应的特征吸收峰。经过分析可以得出:在2920cm-1和2851cm-1处为聚丙烯腈纤维中亚甲基的不对称和对称伸缩振动吸收峰;1730cm-1处主要是纤维中第二、三组分如甲基丙烯酸甲酯的C=O酯基的伸缩振动特征吸收峰;1451cm-1和1354cm-1处是聚丙烯腈纤维中甲基和亚甲基的变形振动吸收峰;在1169cm-1处和1039cm-1处的吸收峰强且宽,而且分裂成了双峰,因此该峰对应着酯基中C-O-C基团的不对称和对称特征吸收峰。在2241cm-1处是聚丙烯腈纤维中氰基的伸缩振动吸收峰,该峰强且尖锐,说明纤维中含有大量的氰基基团;另外还有其他一些特征吸收峰,主要是由于在纤维中还残留有较大量的溶剂所造成的。
对实施例1的终产物进行红外表征,结果如图2所示。终产物在2241cm-1处伸缩振动吸收峰的强度明显减弱,在3347cm-1处产生了高低不平并且很宽的-OH羟基伸缩振动吸收峰,1667cm-1处产生了C=O羰基的振动吸收峰,说明聚丙烯腈纤维中的氰基发生水解,生成了羧基基团,终产物即为羧酸纤维(PAN-COOH)。终产物在2241cm-1处还有残存的吸收峰是因为水解不完全,还存在没有水解的氰基。实施例2和3红外表征结果与实施例1类似。
对对比例1~3中终产物的羧基含量和实施例1~3中终产物的羧基含量进行测试,结果如表1所示:
表1对比例1~3和实施例1~3中终产物的羧基含量测试
编号 | 羧基含量(mol/g) |
对比例1 | 0.25 |
实施例1 | 0.52 |
对比例2 | 0.78 |
实施例2 | 1.95 |
对比例3 | 0.81 |
实施例3 | 2.1 |
测试结果说明,在相同反应条件下,添加催化剂体系水解生成的羧酸纤维中羧基含量是不添加催化剂体系水解生成的羧酸纤维中羧基含量的2倍以上,即获得相同羧基含量的羧酸纤维,不含催化剂的体系的反应时间是添加催化剂体系的2倍以上,因此本发明所述的聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法可缩短反应时间,提高生产效率。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述方法步骤如下:
将催化剂和碱性物质粉末加入到水溶液中,混合均匀得到反应液,再将聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中,在80℃~120℃下反应0.5h~5h,取出纤维,浸入酸溶液反应0.5h~3h,再次取出纤维,洗涤至中性,得到羧酸纤维;
所述催化剂为聚丙烯酸盐;
所述碱性物质为可溶性无机碱;
所述聚丙烯腈纤维与反应液的质量比为1:20~1:50;
以所述反应液的质量为100%计,其中,催化剂的质量分数为0.05%~1%,碱性物质的质量分数为0.5%~5%;
所述酸溶液为酸性物质配制而成的水溶液;
所述酸溶液中氢离子浓度为0.5mol/L~2mol/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述聚丙烯酸钠的分子量为500~2000。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述碱性物质为氢氧化钠。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:以所述反应液的质量为100%计,其中,催化剂的质量分数为0.1%~0.4%,碱性物质的质量分数为1%~2%。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:催化剂和碱性物质的质量比为1:5~1:10。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中的反应温度为90℃~100℃,反应时间为1h~2h。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述酸性物质为无机酸。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种聚丙烯腈催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述酸性物质为盐酸或硫酸。
10.根据权利要求1~9任意一项所述一种聚丙烯腈纤维催化水解制备羧酸纤维的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为分子量为500~2000的聚丙烯酸钠;以所述反应液的质量为100%计,其中,催化剂的质量分数为0.1%~0.4%,碱性物质的质量分数为1%~2%;催化剂和碱性物质的质量比为1:5~1:10;所述聚丙烯腈纤维加入反应液中的反应温度为90℃~100℃,反应时间为1h~2h;所述酸性物质为无机酸中的盐酸或硫酸。
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