CN113861366A - 一种耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,为包括如下组分的原材料混合反应制得:a1、异氰酸酯;a2、大分子多元醇;a3、小分子扩链剂;a4、催化剂;a5、成盐剂;a6、防霉剂;其中,所述的防霉剂为经甲基‑β‑环糊精改性的大蒜精油。本发明还公开了上述耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法。本发明通过将甲基‑β‑环糊精改性大蒜精油作为防霉剂,极大程度地提高水性聚氨酯树脂的耐霉变性。本发明所采用的新型改性防霉剂高效、环保、无刺激气味、耐霉变时间长可在日化级产品中应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于胶粘剂领域,具体涉及一种耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯树脂是以水为分散介质的一类树脂。属于新型环保型树脂,在生活中应用越来越广泛。然而,水性聚氨酯树脂的由于介质为水,极易因储存条件不当导致霉变,霉变会导致聚氨酯大分子降解、造成产品失效。发生霉变是由于微生物引起的,微生物的生长、繁殖和生存环境有很大关系。
因此需要在水性聚氨酯树脂中添加防霉剂,防霉剂作用机理在于破坏微生物的细胞结构或酶的活性,从而起到杀死和抑制霉菌的生长和繁殖。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。本发明所采用的新型改性防霉剂高效、环保、无刺激气味、耐霉变时间长可在日化级产品中应用。
具体技术方案如下:
本发明的目的之一是提供一种耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其为包括如下组分的原材料在催化剂作用下混合反应制得:
a1、异氰酸酯;
a2、大分子多元醇;
a3、小分子扩链剂;
a4、催化剂;
a5、成盐剂;
a6、防霉剂;
其中,所述的防霉剂为经甲基-β-环糊精改性的大蒜精油。
进一步,所述的防霉剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将大蒜精油、甲基-β-环糊精、水按照质量比1:2±0.1:5±0.1混合,40~45℃混合搅拌反应3.5~5h,制得改性大蒜精油。
其中,所述的水优选为去离子水,反应条件优选为在冷凝回流条件下混合搅拌反应。
进一步,所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂的原材料以重量份数计包括:
a1、异氰酸酯20~30份;
a2、大分子多元醇55-60份;
a3、小分子扩链剂10-15份;
a4、催化剂0.01-0.1份;
a5、成盐剂3-8份;
a6、防霉剂0.2-0.5份。
以上所述的原材料不包括制备过程中使用的溶剂、水等成分。
进一步,所述的异氰酸酯为2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种以上。
进一步,所述的大分子多元醇为磺酸盐聚酯多元醇和/或聚己二酸-新戊二醇酯二元醇。
进一步,所述的小分子扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和/或1,4-丁二醇。
进一步,所述的催化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡、有机铋、有机锌中的一种或两种以上。
进一步,所述的成盐剂为三乙醇胺、三乙胺、氢氧化钠中的一种或两种以上。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种上述耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)将异氰酸酯、大分子多元醇混合,75~80℃搅拌反应1.2~2h,加入溶剂稀释,获得软链段预聚体A;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的软链段预聚体A降温至40~50℃,加入小分子扩链剂、催化剂和溶剂,升温至75~80℃搅拌反应1.5~2.5h,制备得到中间预聚体B;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的中间预聚体B降温至40~50℃,加入成盐剂,800~1200转/min高速搅拌10~15min,然后加入去离子水分散得到乳液;
(4)将将步骤(3)制备的乳液真空脱水脱溶剂,降温至45℃以下后加入防霉剂,得到固含量为29%~31%的水性聚氨酯树脂。
其中,所述的溶剂优选为丙酮。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明通过将甲基-β-环糊精改性大蒜精油作为防霉剂,极大程度地提高水性聚氨酯树脂的耐霉变性。本发明所采用的新型改性防霉剂高效、环保、无刺激气味、耐霉变时间长可在日化级产品中应用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
具体实施方式中的原材料的来源如下:
2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI):工业级,万华化学集团股份有限公司;
2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI):工业级,万华化学集团股份有限公司;
磺酸盐聚酯多元醇:官能度为2,分子量1000g/mol,旭川化学有限公司;
2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA):工业级,柏斯托化学公司;
有机铋:MB-20,BYK化学;
三乙胺:分析纯,国药化学有限公司;
大蒜精油:湖北鑫润德化工有限公司;
甲基-β-环糊精:巨胜科技有限公司。
实施例1
制备耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,包括如下步骤:
1、制备改性大蒜精油:
将大蒜精油、甲基-β-环糊精、去离子水按照质量比1:2:5混合,40-45℃冷凝回流条件下混合搅拌反应4h,制得改性大蒜精油。
2、制备水性聚氨酯树脂:
(1)将52.04g 2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、120g磺酸盐聚酯多元醇加入带有搅拌和冷凝器的四口烧瓶中在75~80℃温度下搅拌反应1.5h,加入40g丙酮稀释,获得软链段预聚体A;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的软链段预聚体A降温至40~50℃,加入DMPA 24g、有机铋MB-20催化剂0.1g,分步加入180g丙酮、升温至75~80℃搅拌反应2h,制备得到中间预聚体B;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的中间预聚体B降温至40~50℃,加入成盐剂三乙胺12g,1000转/min高速搅拌15min,然后加入去离子水450g,1000转/min高速搅拌30min制得分散的乳液。
(4)将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下后加入步骤1获得的改性大蒜精油1g,得到固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液1。
实施例2
参照实施例1,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下后加入步骤1获得的改性大蒜精油0.8g,得到固含量为30.5%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液2。
实施例3
参照实施例1,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下后加入步骤1获得的改性大蒜精油0.5g,得到固含量为31%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液4。
对比例1
参照实施例1,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下后加入未经处理的大蒜精油1g,得到固含量为30.4%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液4。
对比例2
参照实施例2,与实施例2的区别在于,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下后加入未经处理的大蒜精油0.8g,得到固含量为30.7%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液5。
对比例3
参照实施例3,与实施例3的区别在于,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下后加入未经处理的大蒜精油0.5g,得到固含量为29.7%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液6。
对比例4
参照实施例1,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤(4)为:将步骤(3)制备的乳液在60℃、0.01Mpa真空条件下减压脱水、脱丙酮,降温至45℃以下得到固含量为30.3%的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液7。
测试
将各实施例、对比例制备的水性聚氨酯乳液1-7各取1g涂布在玻璃皿表面,固化后在玻璃皿表面形成一层胶膜,取0.2ml大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌加入到牛肉汤内,在37℃下培养24h,得到母液。将母液稀释倍数至10万倍作为接种的菌液,然后根据GB/T4789.2-2003,吸取0.4ml的待接种菌液均匀滴加到各实施例、对比例制备的1-7玻璃皿中。将玻璃皿放置在无菌环境中培养3h,然后用灭菌水洗涤胶膜表面,洗涤后液体收集并搅匀然后取0.2ml洗涤液均匀涂布在固体琼脂培养基上,在37℃下厌氧培养24h,然后对琼脂培养基上的菌落进行计数。测试结果如表1所示。
表1
如表1测试结果可以看出,本发明实施例中水性聚氨酯乳液的耐霉变性均较好,对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌菌落有明显的更好的抑制作用。而对比例1、对比例2、对比例3由于使用未改性大蒜精油,对菌落有一定的抑制作用。而对比例4中水性聚氨酯树脂乳液未添加大蒜精油,菌落数量足以引起聚氨酯霉变,影响产品性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,为包括如下组分的原材料混合反应制得:
a1、异氰酸酯;
a2、大分子多元醇;
a3、小分子扩链剂;
a4、催化剂;
a5、成盐剂;
a6、防霉剂;
其中,所述的防霉剂为经甲基-β-环糊精改性的大蒜精油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的防霉剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将大蒜精油、甲基-β-环糊精、水按照质量比1:2±0.1:5±0.1混合,40~45℃混合搅拌反应3.5~5h,制得改性大蒜精油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,其原材料重量份数计包括:
a1、异氰酸酯20~30份;
a2、大分子多元醇55-60份;
a3、小分子扩链剂10-15份;
a4、催化剂0.01-0.1份;
a5、成盐剂3-8份;
a6、防霉剂0.2-0.5份。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的异氰酸酯为2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种以上。
5.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的大分子多元醇为磺酸盐聚酯多元醇和/或聚己二酸-新戊二醇酯二元醇。
6.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的小分子扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和/或1,4-丁二醇。
7.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡、有机铋、有机锌中的一种或两种以上。
8.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的成盐剂为三乙醇胺、三乙胺、氢氧化钠中的一种或两种以上。
9.一种如权利要求1~8任一项所述的耐霉变性水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将异氰酸酯、大分子多元醇混合,75~80℃搅拌反应1.2~2h,加入溶剂稀释,获得软链段预聚体A;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的软链段预聚体A降温至40~50℃,加入小分子扩链剂、催化剂和溶剂,升温至75~80℃搅拌反应1.5~2.5h,制备得到中间预聚体B;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的中间预聚体B降温至40~50℃,加入成盐剂,800~1200转/min高速搅拌10~15min,然后加入去离子水分散得到乳液;
(4)将将步骤(3)制备的乳液真空脱水脱溶剂,降温至45℃以下后加入防霉剂,得到固含量为29%~31%的水性聚氨酯树脂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂为丙酮。
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