CN113817047B - 一种谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法和应用,所述谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂的制备方法:将纯天然谷糠粉末加入蛋白提取液低温提取,再通过硫酸铵沉淀法富集蛋白得到谷糠蛋白提取物。该提取物进行体外胃肠道仿生消化后,通过SP阳离子交换层析分离,收集500mmol/L Tris‑NaCl缓冲液洗脱峰,用孔径为10kD的纳滤膜设备分离,获得组分经鉴定为谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂,命名为:FMB‑BBTI。研究结果证明,FMB‑BBTI能够改善肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化。该谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂可在制备改善肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化的功能性食品,特殊膳食用食品,保健品和/或药品中应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物胰蛋白酶抑制剂,具体属于一种谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着现代社会发展,居民饮食结构中高脂食物的摄入日益增多,导致肠道健康问题日趋严重。而肠道问题引起的慢性代谢疾病,特别是脂肪肝或者动脉粥样硬化疾病严重威胁人类健康。高脂饮食的摄入会导致肠道菌群结构发生紊乱,进而肠道屏障功能受损,进而大量炎症因子从受损的肠道中渗漏至内循环,成为诱发脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化的重要因素。目前大量文献报道膳食营养因子在改善肠道健康、脂肪肝以及动脉粥样硬化中扮演着十分重要的角色。因此,从膳食中深入挖掘改善肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化的营养因子,对于提高居民整体健康水平具有重要意义。
胰蛋白酶抑制剂是一类具有抑制胰蛋白酶或胰凝乳蛋白酶活性的蛋白类分子,在植物中贮藏含量丰富,可达总蛋白的10%左右。迄今为止,有多种植物来源的胰蛋白酶抑制剂被证明具有抗癌、抗炎、以及降血糖等潜在应用价值。流行病学数据显示,谷物的摄入量与脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化发病在一定程度上呈负相关。谷糠作为谷子加工过程中的副产品,其蛋白质含量高达18%,营养价值较高,具有抗氧化、抗菌、降血压、降血糖及抗肿瘤等多重医药功效。但目前关于谷糠来源的胰蛋白酶抑制剂的制备方法及对肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化的改善效应方面的研究尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)及其制备方法,以及该抑制剂在改善肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化中的应用。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:谷糠蛋白提取物的制备,参照中国专利申请公开号CN 113243446 A公开的方法制备,具体如下:
将纯天然谷糠粉末加入植物蛋白提取液低温搅拌提取24-64h获得粗蛋白液,加热升温至80℃,孵育20-30min,过滤,收集滤液再通过硫酸铵沉淀法富集蛋白沉淀,用Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解,通过3kD分子量的超滤装置脱盐,得到谷糠蛋白提取物;
第二步:将上述获得的谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂在体外先进行模拟胃液消化20-30min,其次进行模拟小肠液消化1.5-2h,得到水解液用40mmol/L Tris-NaCl透析,经SP阳离子层析柱,弃去穿透液,用200mmol/L Tris-NaCl缓冲液洗脱杂蛋白,再用500mmol/LTris-NaCl缓冲液洗脱,并收集该洗脱组分;
第三步:取第二步获得的洗脱组分,通过10kD的纳滤膜设备分离,收集分子量小于10kD的多肽组分,浓缩并除盐,真空冷冻干燥,即获得谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI),于4℃保存。
所述的第一步中植物蛋白提取液为20mmol/L Tris-HCl溶液,pH 8.0;所述的谷糠和蛋白提取液的重量体积比为1︰7-9,其中重量的单位为kg,体积的单位为L;所述的低温搅拌的温度:4-6℃。
所述的第二步中模拟胃液是用6mol/L的盐酸调节pH值为1.5-2.0,含有200-300U/mL胃蛋白酶的缓冲液;所述的模拟小肠液是用5%的碳酸氢钠调节pH值为7.5-8.0,含有200-250U/mL胰蛋白酶的缓冲液。
所述的第三步中浓缩并除盐使用3kD分子量的纳滤膜设备进行。
本发明的有益效果:
谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)灌胃12周后,显著增加了高脂饮食C57BL/6小鼠肠道紧密连接蛋白的表达;并且经体外乳杆菌黏附实验表明,FMB-BBTI能够显著增加乳杆菌在HT-29和Caco2细胞表面的黏附能力;
通过棕榈酸︰油酸诱导HepG2细胞建立脂肪肝细胞模型评估谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)对肝细胞脂质积累的影响,实验结果表明:FMB-BBTI显著减轻了HepG2细胞的脂质积累;通过高脂饮食诱导构建apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,每日灌胃FMB-BBTI,持续16周。实验结果表明:FMB-BBTI能够显著减轻小鼠主动脉的斑块沉积。
以上结果提示谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)有潜力开发为改善肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化的功能性食品、特殊膳食用食品、保健食品和/或药品等相关产品。
附图说明
图1FMB-BBTI的SDS-PAGE电泳图;
图2谷糠蛋白各组分的胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)活性统计图;
图3qPCR检测小鼠肠道紧密连接蛋白表达水平的统计图;
图4FMB-BBTI对乳杆菌在肠道细胞上的黏附能力的统计图;
图5油红O染色显示HepG2细胞脂质积累程度及统计图;
图6FMB-BBTI处理后apoE-/-小鼠主动脉油红O染色和统计图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI)的制备方法
(1)称取小米米糠5kg,粉碎后,过60目筛,取谷糠粉。按照1:8的比例加入蛋白提取液(20mmol/L Tris-HCl溶液,pH 8.0)。在6℃冷循环中搅拌48h,板框过滤,收集滤液,将澄清滤液加热升温至80℃,孵育25min。过滤后,向澄清滤液加入20kg的硫酸铵粉末进行沉淀,静置8h。过滤,收集沉淀用16L的20mmol/L Tris-HCl,pH 8.0蛋白缓冲液溶解后,过滤并用3kD分子量超滤脱盐,得到谷糠蛋白提取物,其为组分1;
(2)将上述组分1在体外先进行模拟胃液消化,模拟胃液是250U/mL胃蛋白酶的缓冲液,用6mol/L的盐酸调节pH值等于2.0,37℃避光消化25min;其次进行模拟小肠液消化,模拟小肠液是200U/mL胰蛋白酶的缓冲液,用5%的碳酸氢钠调节pH值等于7.8,37℃避光消化1.5h,得到水解液用40mmol/L Tris-NaCl透析,为组分2;
(3)组分2经SP阳离子层析柱,弃去穿透液,用200mmol/L Tris-NaCl缓冲液洗脱杂蛋白,再用500mmol/L Tris-NaCl缓冲液洗脱并收集该洗脱液,为组分3;
(4)组分3通过10kD大小的纳滤膜,收集分子量小于10kD的多肽成分,为组分4,除盐后进行真空冷冻干燥,即获得干粉质量为2.25g的谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI),SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示:FMB-BBTI分子量为:7.7kD(如图1所示);
(5)利用LC-MS/MS质谱分析对纯化产物进行鉴定,分析鉴定结果为谷子Bowman-Birk型胰蛋白酶抑制剂;
(6)采用食品安全国家标准GB5009.224-2016对以上4步分离得到的蛋白液分别测定胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活力(如图2所示)。
实施例2:FMB-BBTI促进apoE-/-小鼠肠道紧密连接蛋白的表达
小鼠肠组织总RNA的提取:麻醉处死小鼠后,切取适量结肠上端组织100mg左右,将切好的组织用PBS清洗三遍,浸泡入1mL的Trizol中,匀浆后分装于EP管中;加入200μL氯仿,剧烈振荡15s,静置5min;在13000rpm,4℃下离心15min,见分层后,吸取上清转移至无RNase的EP管中;加入等体积的异丙醇,上下颠倒离心管,充分混匀,在室温环境下,静置10min;在13000rpm,4℃下离心10min,见白色沉淀;小心倒掉上清,沿管壁缓慢加入1mL75%的乙醇;在13000rpm,4℃下离心5min,丢弃上清;吹干沉淀,直至变为透明;加入20μL DEPC水,溶解沉淀,在57℃金属浴10min助溶;
RNA浓度检测:使用Nanodrop 2000测定RNA浓度;
RNA模板反转录:将上述方法提取的总RNA,用HiScriptⅡReverse Transcriptase反转录试剂盒,进行反转录,反应条件为:37℃ 15min,85℃ 5s,反应结束后,cDNA存放于-20℃长期保存;
实时定量PCR:设计并合成小鼠源的紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1、Occludin以及ZO-1的引物,使用ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix试剂盒进行实时定量PCR。
结果表明:与对照组相比,高脂饮食小鼠紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1、Occludin以及ZO-1表达均降低,FMB-BBTI处理可以明显增加小鼠肠道中紧密连接蛋白的表达水平(如图3所示)。
实施例3:FMB-BBTI提高乳杆菌对肠道细胞的黏附能力
采用人结肠癌细胞HT-29和Caco2,建立体外肠道上皮细胞模型。利用具有高黏附性的罗伊氏乳杆菌检测FMB-BBTI对乳杆菌黏附肠道细胞能力的影响。使用无抗生素的培养基稀释HT-29和Caco2细胞浓度为1×106个/mL,接种于24孔板中。培养24h后加入FMB-BBTI,终浓度为20μmol/L,空白对照用PBS等体积替换FMB-BBTI。继续培养24h后,调整罗伊氏乳杆菌的浓度为1×108CFU/mL,即感染系数(MOI)为100:1。加入罗伊氏乳杆菌后,共培养4h。用冷PBS洗两次后加入1mL的TritonX-100溶解细胞,吸出细胞悬液,梯度稀释至10-6倍,取100μL稀释细胞悬液涂布于准备好的MRS琼脂培养基,在37℃,厌氧条件下培养48h,对平板上的菌落数进行计数和统计。
结果表明:与空白对照相比,FMB-BBTI处理高脂饮食小鼠后,罗伊氏乳杆菌对HT-29和Caco2细胞的黏附能力明显增加。(如图4,显示罗伊氏乳杆菌黏附水平)。
实施例4:FMB-BBTI减轻HepG2细胞的脂质积累
准备肝癌细胞HepG2,用RPMI-1640培养基稀释细胞浓度为105个/mL,铺于24孔板中,培养24h后加入诱导剂(棕榈酸:油酸=1:5)0.25μL建立脂质积累细胞模型,24h后更换培养基,再准备无菌的谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂(FMB-BBTI),添加至新鲜培养基中,FMB-BBTI终浓度为10μmol/L和20μmol/L,共处理48h。吸掉培养基,用37℃预热的PBS(pH=7.4)清洗2次,每孔加入500μL ORO Fixative固定液固定30min,弃去固定液,用蒸馏水清洗2次,加入60%异丙醇浸洗5min,然后弃去60%异丙醇后加入新配制好的ORO Stain,浸染20min,弃去染色液,水洗5次,直至无多余染液后,加入Mayer苏木素染色液,复染核2min。弃去染液后水洗5次,加入ORO Buffer 1min后弃去,封片后于倒置显微镜下观察HepG2细胞的脂质积累情况,并对染色面积进行了定量分析。
结果表明:和模型组相比,FMB-BBTI可以有效减轻HepG2细胞脂质积累的能力(如图5所示,细胞脂质积累的油红O染色图以及统计图)。
实施例5:FMB-BBTI抑制了apoE-/-小鼠的主动脉病变
动物来源为雄性apoE-/-小鼠;5周龄;饲养条件和饲料为SPF级,温度为23±2℃,相对湿度为50-55%,室内灯光模拟昼夜,12小时明暗循环。每组10只小鼠,除正常对照组外均为高脂高胆固醇饲料(胆固醇含量1.25%)喂养,正常对照组为普通维持饲料喂养,持续喂养16周。FMB-BBTI给药组采用灌胃方法,FMB-BBTI的低剂量组每日给药10mg/kg,高剂量组每日给药30mg/kg,对照和模型组灌胃同等体积生理盐水,持续给药16周,直到实验结束。麻醉处死小鼠后,先用生理盐水冲洗血液,然后PBS灌注,找到小鼠主动脉,剥离干净周围组织,而后从主动脉弓分离至髂动脉。在体视显微镜下纵向剖开动脉,4%多聚甲醛固定48h,油红O染色,75%酒精分化,至管腔内脂质斑块呈橘红色或鲜红色,其他部位近无色,然后蒸馏水洗3次,拍照,并对病变面积进行了定量分析。
结果表明:和对照组相比,可见模型组小鼠主动脉脂质斑块明显增加,FMB-BBTI干预可以有效减轻小鼠主动脉脂质斑块积累的能力(如图6所示,为主动脉油红O染色图以及脂质区域面积统计图)。
Claims (3)
1.谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂在制备改善肠道健康、脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化的药品中的应用,所述的谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
第一步:将纯天然谷糠粉末加入蛋白提取液低温提取,再通过硫酸铵沉淀法富集蛋白,再用Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解得到谷糠蛋白提取物;
第二步:将上述获得的谷糠蛋白提取物在体外先进行模拟胃液消化20-30min后,进行模拟小肠液消化1.5-2h,离心得到的水解液用40mmol/L Tris-NaCl缓冲液透析,经SP阳离子层析柱分离,收集500mmol/L Tris-NaCl的洗脱组分;
第三步:取第二步获得的洗脱组分,通过10kD的纳滤膜设备分离,收集分子量小于10kD的组分,浓缩并除盐,真空冷冻干燥,即获得谷糠胰蛋白酶抑制剂FMB-BBTI。
2.如权利要求1所述的的应用,其特征在于,所述的第一步中植物蛋白提取液为20mmol/L Tris-HCl溶液,pH 8.0;所述的谷糠和蛋白提取液的重量体积比为1kg︰7-9L;所述的低温搅拌的温度:4-6℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的的应用,其特征在于,第二步中所述的模拟胃液为pH值等于1.5-2.5的200-300U/mL胃蛋白酶缓冲液;所述的模拟小肠液为pH值等于7.5-8.0的200-250U/mL胰蛋白酶缓冲液。
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