CN113812293A - Camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield and camellia oleifera tree - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield and camellia oleifera tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812293A CN113812293A CN202011158747.1A CN202011158747A CN113812293A CN 113812293 A CN113812293 A CN 113812293A CN 202011158747 A CN202011158747 A CN 202011158747A CN 113812293 A CN113812293 A CN 113812293A
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- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010803 wood ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020334 white tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield and a camellia oleifera tree, wherein the camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield comprises the following steps: digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 25-45 cm; backfilling, namely burying the plant ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 4-6 cm; dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 8-10 cm along the edge of the planting land; putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil; and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings. The camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield is beneficial to solving the problem that camellia oleifera seed setting time is too long in the existing camellia oleifera planting method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera tree planting, in particular to a camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving yield and a camellia oleifera tree planted by applying the camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving yield.
Background
The camellia oleifera is also called tea tree, camellia oleifera and white tea, belongs to the camellia family, and is evergreen small arbor. The seeds can be used for oil (tea oil) for eating. The tea oil is clear in color, delicious, rich in nutrition and long in storage life, and is high-quality edible oil; the tea oil can also be used as lubricating oil or rust preventive oil in industry. The tea cake is not only a pesticide but also a fertilizer, and can improve the water storage capacity of the farmland and prevent and control pests in the rice field. The tea seed peel is the raw material for extracting tannin extract.
The existing oil tea tree planting method generally adopts an excavator to dig soil in a planting land, and then oil tea tree seedlings are planted in dug pits in the planting land after the soil is dug. In the process of digging machine soil turning, can overturn the soil upper strata of planting the plot with the loess of darker position, the loess has density big, easily harden, and the characteristics that the fertility is low, therefore, the tea-oil tree seedling survival rate of planting at such planting plot is low, and because loess soil fertility is low, the surface course loess needs new fallen leaves and other organic matters to ferment again in soil after the time of several years, just can improve soil fertility, consequently, adopt the tea-oil tree of this planting mode planting, generally need 6 years time just to begin to carry fruit, lead to the time cost that the tea-oil tree planting industry drops into, administrative cost and maintenance achievement are too high, production cycle is overlength, economic benefits is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield, and aims to solve the problem that camellia oleifera seed setting time is too long in the existing camellia oleifera tree planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield comprises the following steps:
digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 25-45 cm;
backfilling, namely burying the plant ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 4-6 cm;
dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 8-10 cm along the edge of the planting land;
putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil;
and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Preferably, the digging step further comprises, before:
cutting off the mountain, and cutting down weeds and trees in the oil tea tree planting land;
refining the mountain, and burning off the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting land;
the backfilling step comprises:
and burying the organic ash after the refining beside the planting pit into the planting pit.
Preferably, the step of digging a pit comprises:
digging a plurality of rows of pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera, wherein each row of pits comprises a plurality of planting pits, and the planting pits of two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner;
and turning out the loess in each planting pit.
Preferably, each planting pit is square in cross section and has a size of 30-40 cm.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent planting pits of each row of the pot holes is 1.8 to 2.2 m.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent rows of the pot holes is 1.4 to 1.6 m.
Preferably, the step of fertilizing and managing further comprises:
and loosening the soil of the planting land and weeding regularly.
Preferably, in the step of fertilizing and managing, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the camellia oleifera seedlings every quarter in three years of planting, and organic fertilizer is regularly applied to the camellia oleifera seedlings after three years of planting.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed oil powder and/or animal fermented manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides the camellia oleifera tree which is planted by the camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving the yield.
According to the technical scheme, the planting pits are dug in the planting land blocks of the camellia oleifera trees according to the preset arrangement method by adopting an artificial reclamation mode, and a digging machine is not adopted for operation, so that the situation that the soil fertility in the planting pits is low due to the fact that the fertile soil on the surfaces of the planting land blocks is brought to a deeper underground part in the process of the digging machine operation can be avoided. Furthermore, the loess in each planting pit is turned out, and then the planting pits are backfilled by using grass and tree ash or rich soil mixed with the grass and tree ash, so that fertile and soft soil is backfilled in each planting pit, the growth and the sturdiness of the camellia oleifera seedlings are promoted, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the growth time of the camellia oleifera before fruiting is obviously shortened. After soil is backfilled, a boundary area with the depth of 8-10 cm is dug along the edge of the planting land, so that the planting land with fertile soil is separated from other areas, when rainwater irrigates to the planting land, the fertile soil of the surface layer can be reserved in the planting land limited by the boundary area, the loss of the fertile soil is avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency can be kept for a long time. After the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted in the planting pits, the fertilizer is applied in the semicircular range of the higher side of the planting pits, and under the action of rainwater in rainy days, the fertilizer flows to the range of the lower side of the planting pits along with rainwater, so that the labor time for applying the fertilizer is saved, the fertilizer using amount is saved, the fertilizer in rainwater can be prevented from running off to the area outside the planting plots through the boundary area, and the loss of soil fertility is favorably avoided. By adopting the technical scheme, the soil in the planting pit can be kept to have good fertility, the soft plant ash ensures the excellent loose characteristic of the soil, and the method is very suitable for growth and fruiting of the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to achieve the purpose, the camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield comprises the following steps:
step S1: digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 25-45 cm; each planting pit is square in cross section and has the size of 30-40 cm. The depth is favorable for ensuring that the root system of the oil tea tree has sufficient growth space.
Step S2: backfilling, namely burying the plant ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 4-6 cm;
step S3: dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 8-10 cm along the edge of the planting land;
step S4: putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil;
step S5: and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings.
According to the technical scheme, the planting pits are dug in the planting land blocks of the camellia oleifera trees according to the preset arrangement method by adopting an artificial reclamation mode, and a digging machine is not adopted for operation, so that the situation that the soil fertility in the planting pits is low due to the fact that the fertile soil on the surfaces of the planting land blocks is brought to a deeper underground part in the process of the digging machine operation can be avoided. Furthermore, the loess in each planting pit is turned out, and then the planting pits are backfilled by using grass and tree ash or rich soil mixed with the grass and tree ash, so that fertile and soft soil is backfilled in each planting pit, the growth and the sturdiness of the camellia oleifera seedlings are promoted, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the growth time of the camellia oleifera before fruiting is obviously shortened. After soil is backfilled, a boundary area with the depth of 8-10 cm is dug along the edge of the planting land, so that the planting land with fertile soil is separated from other areas, when rainwater irrigates to the planting land, the fertile soil of the surface layer can be reserved in the planting land limited by the boundary area, the loss of the fertile soil is avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency can be kept for a long time. After the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted in the planting pits, the fertilizer is applied in the semicircular range of the higher side of the planting pits, and under the action of rainwater in rainy days, the fertilizer flows to the range of the lower side of the planting pits along with rainwater, so that the labor time for applying the fertilizer is saved, the fertilizer using amount is saved, the fertilizer in rainwater can be prevented from running off to the area outside the planting plots through the boundary area, and the loss of soil fertility is favorably avoided. By adopting the technical scheme, the soil in the planting pit can be kept to have good fertility, the soft plant ash ensures the excellent loose characteristic of the soil, and the method is very suitable for growth and fruiting of the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Preferably, the step S1: before the digging step, the method further comprises the following steps:
step S6: cutting off the mountain, and cutting down weeds and trees in the oil tea tree planting land;
step S7: refining the mountain, and burning off the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting land;
the step S2: the backfilling step comprises:
and burying the organic ash after the refining beside the planting pit into the planting pit.
In the process of refining the mountains, the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting plots is combusted into ash to form organic matter ash fertilizer, the organic matter ash is used as fertilizer to be buried in the planting pits, and the organic matter ash and humus-rich fertilizer soil on the surface layers of the planting plots can be further buried in the planting pits and uniformly mixed to form fertile and loose soil and improve the growth speed of the oil-tea trees.
Further, the step S1: digging a pit, comprising:
step S11, digging a plurality of rows of pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera, wherein each row of pits comprises a plurality of planting pits, and the planting pits of two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between two adjacent planting pits of each row of pits is 1.8-2.2 m, and the distance between two adjacent rows of pits is 1.4-1.6 m.
And the planting pits of the two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner, so that four adjacent camellia oleifera trees form four vertexes positioned in a diamond shape, sufficient sunlight gaps and ventilation gaps are favorably ensured to exist between the camellia oleifera trees, the growth speed, the luxuriant branch and leaf degree and the seed setting yield of the camellia oleifera trees are improved, and sufficient seed picking gaps are favorably kept after the camellia oleifera trees are fruited.
And step S12, turning out loess in each planting pit.
Further, the step S5 of fertilizing and managing further includes:
and loosening the soil of the planting plots, keeping the soil to have good air permeability, and weeding regularly.
More preferably, in the step S5, in the fertilizing and managing step, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the tea-oil tree seedlings every quarter in three years of planting, and organic fertilizer is regularly applied to the tea-oil trees after three years of planting. The organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed oil powder and/or animal fermented manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides the camellia oleifera tree which is planted by the camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving the yield.
Example one
The camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield comprises the following steps:
step S1: digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 28 cm; each planting pit is square in cross section and 32cm in size. The depth is favorable for ensuring that the root system of the oil tea tree has sufficient growth space.
Step S2: backfilling, namely burying the grass and wood ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 4.5 cm;
step S3: dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 8.5cm along the edge of the planting land;
step S4: putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil;
step S5: and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings.
According to the technical scheme, the planting pits are dug in the planting land blocks of the camellia oleifera trees according to the preset arrangement method by adopting an artificial reclamation mode, and a digging machine is not adopted for operation, so that the situation that the soil fertility in the planting pits is low due to the fact that the fertile soil on the surfaces of the planting land blocks is brought to a deeper underground part in the process of the digging machine operation can be avoided. Furthermore, the loess in each planting pit is turned out, and then the planting pits are backfilled by using grass and tree ash or rich soil mixed with the grass and tree ash, so that fertile and soft soil is backfilled in each planting pit, the growth and the sturdiness of the camellia oleifera seedlings are promoted, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the growth time of the camellia oleifera before fruiting is obviously shortened. After soil is backfilled, a boundary area with the depth of 8.5cm is dug along the edge of the planting land, so that the planting land with fertile soil is separated from other areas, when rainwater irrigates to the planting land, the fertile soil of the surface layer can be reserved in the planting land limited by the boundary area, the loss of the fertile soil is avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency can be kept for a long time. After the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted in the planting pits, the fertilizer is applied in the semicircular range of the higher side of the planting pits, and under the action of rainwater in rainy days, the fertilizer flows to the range of the lower side of the planting pits along with rainwater, so that the labor time for applying the fertilizer is saved, the fertilizer using amount is saved, the fertilizer in rainwater can be prevented from running off to the area outside the planting plots through the boundary area, and the loss of soil fertility is favorably avoided. By adopting the technical scheme, the soil in the planting pit can be kept to have good fertility, the soft plant ash ensures the excellent loose characteristic of the soil, and the method is very suitable for growth and fruiting of the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Preferably, the step S1: before the digging step, the method further comprises the following steps:
step S6: cutting off the mountain, and cutting down weeds and trees in the oil tea tree planting land;
step S7: refining the mountain, and burning off the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting land;
the step S2: the backfilling step comprises:
and burying the organic ash after the refining beside the planting pit into the planting pit.
In the process of refining the mountains, the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting plots is combusted into ash to form organic matter ash fertilizer, the organic matter ash is used as fertilizer to be buried in the planting pits, and the organic matter ash and humus-rich fertilizer soil on the surface layers of the planting plots can be further buried in the planting pits and uniformly mixed to form fertile and loose soil and improve the growth speed of the oil-tea trees.
Further, the step S1: digging a pit, comprising:
step S11, digging a plurality of rows of pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera, wherein each row of pits comprises a plurality of planting pits, and the planting pits of two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between two adjacent planting pits of each row of pits is 1.9m, and the distance between two adjacent rows of pits is 1.45 m.
And the planting pits of the two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner, so that four adjacent camellia oleifera trees form four vertexes positioned in a diamond shape, sufficient sunlight gaps and ventilation gaps are favorably ensured to exist between the camellia oleifera trees, the growth speed, the luxuriant branch and leaf degree and the seed setting yield of the camellia oleifera trees are improved, and sufficient seed picking gaps are favorably kept after the camellia oleifera trees are fruited.
And step S12, turning out loess in each planting pit.
Further, the step S5 of fertilizing and managing further includes:
and loosening the soil of the planting plots, keeping the soil to have good air permeability, and weeding regularly.
More preferably, in the step S5, in the fertilizing and managing step, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the tea-oil tree seedlings every quarter in three years of planting, and organic fertilizer is regularly applied to the tea-oil trees after three years of planting. The organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed oil powder and/or animal fermented manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides the camellia oleifera tree which is planted by the camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving the yield.
Example two
The camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield comprises the following steps:
step S1: digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera tree according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 30 cm; each planting pit is square in cross section and 34cm in size. The depth is favorable for ensuring that the root system of the oil tea tree has sufficient growth space.
Step S2: backfilling, namely burying the plant ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 5 cm;
step S3: dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 9m along the edge of the planting land block;
step S4: putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil;
step S5: and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings.
According to the technical scheme, the planting pits are dug in the planting land blocks of the camellia oleifera trees according to the preset arrangement method by adopting an artificial reclamation mode, and a digging machine is not adopted for operation, so that the situation that the soil fertility in the planting pits is low due to the fact that the fertile soil on the surfaces of the planting land blocks is brought to a deeper underground part in the process of the digging machine operation can be avoided. Furthermore, the loess in each planting pit is turned out, and then the planting pits are backfilled by using grass and tree ash or rich soil mixed with the grass and tree ash, so that fertile and soft soil is backfilled in each planting pit, the growth and the sturdiness of the camellia oleifera seedlings are promoted, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the growth time of the camellia oleifera before fruiting is obviously shortened. After soil is backfilled, a boundary area with the depth of 9cm is dug along the edge of the planting land, so that the planting land with fertile soil and other areas form boundaries, when rainwater irrigates to the planting land, the fertile soil of the surface layer can be reserved in the planting land limited by the boundary area, the loss of the fertile soil is avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency can be kept for a long time. After the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted in the planting pits, the fertilizer is applied in the semicircular range of the higher side of the planting pits, and under the action of rainwater in rainy days, the fertilizer flows to the range of the lower side of the planting pits along with rainwater, so that the labor time for applying the fertilizer is saved, the fertilizer using amount is saved, the fertilizer in rainwater can be prevented from running off to the area outside the planting plots through the boundary area, and the loss of soil fertility is favorably avoided. By adopting the technical scheme, the soil in the planting pit can be kept to have good fertility, the soft plant ash ensures the excellent loose characteristic of the soil, and the method is very suitable for growth and fruiting of the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Preferably, the step S1: before the digging step, the method further comprises the following steps:
step S6: cutting off the mountain, and cutting down weeds and trees in the oil tea tree planting land;
step S7: refining the mountain, and burning off the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting land;
the step S2: the backfilling step comprises:
and burying the organic ash after the refining beside the planting pit into the planting pit.
In the process of refining the mountains, the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting plots is combusted into ash to form organic matter ash fertilizer, the organic matter ash is used as fertilizer to be buried in the planting pits, and the organic matter ash and humus-rich fertilizer soil on the surface layers of the planting plots can be further buried in the planting pits and uniformly mixed to form fertile and loose soil and improve the growth speed of the oil-tea trees.
Further, the step S1: digging a pit, comprising:
step S11, digging a plurality of rows of pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera, wherein each row of pits comprises a plurality of planting pits, and the planting pits of two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between two adjacent planting pits of each row of pits is 2m, and the distance between two adjacent rows of pits is 1.5 m.
And the planting pits of the two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner, so that four adjacent camellia oleifera trees form four vertexes positioned in a diamond shape, sufficient sunlight gaps and ventilation gaps are favorably ensured to exist between the camellia oleifera trees, the growth speed, the luxuriant branch and leaf degree and the seed setting yield of the camellia oleifera trees are improved, and sufficient seed picking gaps are favorably kept after the camellia oleifera trees are fruited.
And step S12, turning out loess in each planting pit.
Further, the step S5 of fertilizing and managing further includes:
and loosening the soil of the planting plots, keeping the soil to have good air permeability, and weeding regularly.
More preferably, in the step S5, in the fertilizing and managing step, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the tea-oil tree seedlings every quarter in three years of planting, and organic fertilizer is regularly applied to the tea-oil trees after three years of planting. The organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed oil powder and/or animal fermented manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides the camellia oleifera tree which is planted by the camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving the yield.
EXAMPLE III
The camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield comprises the following steps:
step S1: digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera tree according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 38 cm; each planting pit is square in cross section and 38cm in size. The depth is favorable for ensuring that the root system of the oil tea tree has sufficient growth space.
Step S2: backfilling, namely burying the grass and wood ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 5.5 cm;
step S3: dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 9.5cm along the edge of the planting land;
step S4: putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil;
step S5: and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings.
According to the technical scheme, the planting pits are dug in the planting land blocks of the camellia oleifera trees according to the preset arrangement method by adopting an artificial reclamation mode, and a digging machine is not adopted for operation, so that the situation that the soil fertility in the planting pits is low due to the fact that the fertile soil on the surfaces of the planting land blocks is brought to a deeper underground part in the process of the digging machine operation can be avoided. Furthermore, the loess in each planting pit is turned out, and then the planting pits are backfilled by using grass and tree ash or rich soil mixed with the grass and tree ash, so that fertile and soft soil is backfilled in each planting pit, the growth and the sturdiness of the camellia oleifera seedlings are promoted, the growth of branches and leaves is promoted, and the growth time of the camellia oleifera before fruiting is obviously shortened. After soil is backfilled, a boundary area with the depth of 9.5cm is dug along the edge of the planting land, so that the planting land with fertile soil is divided with other areas, when rainwater irrigates to the planting land, the fertile soil of the surface layer can be reserved in the planting land limited by the boundary area, the loss of the fertile soil is avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency can be kept for a long time. After the camellia oleifera seedlings are planted in the planting pits, the fertilizer is applied in the semicircular range of the higher side of the planting pits, and under the action of rainwater in rainy days, the fertilizer flows to the range of the lower side of the planting pits along with rainwater, so that the labor time for applying the fertilizer is saved, the fertilizer using amount is saved, the fertilizer in rainwater can be prevented from running off to the area outside the planting plots through the boundary area, and the loss of soil fertility is favorably avoided. By adopting the technical scheme, the soil in the planting pit can be kept to have good fertility, the soft plant ash ensures the excellent loose characteristic of the soil, and the method is very suitable for growth and fruiting of the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Preferably, the step S1: before the digging step, the method further comprises the following steps:
step S6: cutting off the mountain, and cutting down weeds and trees in the oil tea tree planting land;
step S7: refining the mountain, and burning off the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting land;
the step S2: the backfilling step comprises:
and burying the organic ash after the refining beside the planting pit into the planting pit.
In the process of refining the mountains, the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting plots is combusted into ash to form organic matter ash fertilizer, the organic matter ash is used as fertilizer to be buried in the planting pits, and the organic matter ash and humus-rich fertilizer soil on the surface layers of the planting plots can be further buried in the planting pits and uniformly mixed to form fertile and loose soil and improve the growth speed of the oil-tea trees.
Further, the step S1: digging a pit, comprising:
step S11, digging a plurality of rows of pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera, wherein each row of pits comprises a plurality of planting pits, and the planting pits of two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between two adjacent planting pits of each row of pits is 2.1m, and the distance between two adjacent rows of pits is 1.55 m.
And the planting pits of the two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner, so that four adjacent camellia oleifera trees form four vertexes positioned in a diamond shape, sufficient sunlight gaps and ventilation gaps are favorably ensured to exist between the camellia oleifera trees, the growth speed, the luxuriant branch and leaf degree and the seed setting yield of the camellia oleifera trees are improved, and sufficient seed picking gaps are favorably kept after the camellia oleifera trees are fruited.
And step S12, turning out loess in each planting pit.
Further, the step S5 of fertilizing and managing further includes:
and loosening the soil of the planting plots, keeping the soil to have good air permeability, and weeding regularly.
More preferably, in the step S5, in the fertilizing and managing step, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the tea-oil tree seedlings every quarter in three years of planting, and organic fertilizer is regularly applied to the tea-oil trees after three years of planting. The organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed oil powder and/or animal fermented manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides the camellia oleifera tree which is planted by the camellia oleifera tree planting method capable of improving the yield.
Claims (10)
1. The camellia oleifera planting method for improving the yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
digging pits, namely digging planting pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera according to a preset arrangement method, and turning out loess in each planting pit, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 25-45 cm;
backfilling, namely burying the plant ash into the planting pit, wherein the burying height exceeds the ground surface by 4-6 cm;
dividing, namely digging a dividing area with the depth of 8-10 cm along the edge of the planting land;
putting seedlings, namely putting the camellia oleifera seedlings into the planting pits, and treading the surface soil;
and (3) fertilizing and managing, namely fertilizing in the semicircular range on the higher side of the planting pit, and managing the camellia oleifera seedlings.
2. The camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield according to claim 1, wherein the digging step is further preceded by:
cutting off the mountain, and cutting down weeds and trees in the oil tea tree planting land;
refining the mountain, and burning off the residual vegetation on the surface of the planting land;
the backfilling step comprises:
and burying the organic ash after the refining beside the planting pit into the planting pit.
3. The method for planting camellia oleifera trees with improved yield according to claim 1, wherein the step of digging the pit comprises:
digging a plurality of rows of pits in a planting land block of the camellia oleifera, wherein each row of pits comprises a plurality of planting pits, and the planting pits of two adjacent rows of pits are arranged in a staggered manner;
and turning out the loess in each planting pit.
4. The camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield according to claim 1, wherein each planting pit is square in cross section and has a size of 30 to 40 cm.
5. The camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield according to claim 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent planting pits in each row of the pit holes is 1.8 to 2.2 m.
6. The camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield according to claim 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent rows of the pot holes is 1.4 to 1.6 m.
7. The camellia oleifera tree planting method for improving yield according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step of applying fertilizer and managing further comprises:
and loosening the soil of the planting land and weeding regularly.
8. The yield-improving camellia oleifera tree planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step of applying fertilizer and managing, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to camellia oleifera seedlings every quarter for three years, and organic fertilizer is applied to camellia oleifera trees periodically after three years of planting.
9. The yield-improving camellia oleifera tree planting method according to claim 8, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed oil meal and/or animal fermentation manure.
10. An oil tea tree, characterized by being planted by the yield-improving oil tea tree planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Application publication date: 20211221 |