CN113785740A - Planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng - Google Patents
Planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN113785740A CN113785740A CN202111075634.XA CN202111075634A CN113785740A CN 113785740 A CN113785740 A CN 113785740A CN 202111075634 A CN202111075634 A CN 202111075634A CN 113785740 A CN113785740 A CN 113785740A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng, which belongs to the technical field of pitaya planting and comprises the steps of preparing soil, stirring soil by using 2.0% of nematicide root nodule dispersing slow application particles, ridging, erecting a pitaya bracket, planting pitaya on the side edge of the bracket, planting red fruit ginseng between the brackets, selecting seedlings, planting the pitaya by adopting an A-shaped pitaya frame building cultivation and column type cultivation method, planting the red fruit ginseng between two stand columns, fertilizing, managing a flowering phase and a fruit development phase, managing the field, trimming branches and leaves and pinching the branches and leaves during the pitaya planting period, and harvesting fruits. The mode of interplanting the red fruit and the dragon fruit is the interplanting of crops with different illumination intensities, can meet different illumination requirements of the red fruit and the dragon fruit, the interplanting of the red fruit and the dragon fruit with different root systems can utilize nutrients of different levels in soil, and the dragon fruit mainly absorbs the nutrients in the middle layer of the soil; the red fruit ginseng mainly absorbs nutrients on the surface layer of soil; effectively improve the utilization rate of soil nutrients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit planting, in particular to a planting method for interplanting pitaya and red ginseng.
Background
The intercropping and interplanting is a planting mode which selects crops with correspondingly complementary morphological characteristics and growth characteristics, fully utilizes natural resources such as water, soil, light and heat and the like, and improves the light energy, nutrient and land utilization rate.
The red fruit ginseng (Campanumoes lancifolia (Roxb.) Merr.) belongs to Leopard of Campanulaceae, also called spider fruit, eleocharis tuberosa, paniculate meadowrue root, campanumaea pilosula, wild codonopsis pilosula and radix ginseng, is a perennial upright or sprawl herb, and the cultivated stem is about 0.8-1 m high. The traditional Chinese medicine is named as southern ginseng, which is eaten by fruits and used as a medicine by roots, and is mainly distributed in southwest and Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and the like. The red ginseng is a rare fruit, is discovered by people in recent years, and is planted artificially. Its flowering phase is 7-10 months, and its fruit mature phase is 12 months to 3 months of the next year. The fruit of red fruit ginseng is rich in polysaccharide, procyanidine, flavonoid, calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, manganese and other minerals and 17 kinds of amino acids due to rich nutrition. The flavonoids of the red fruit ginseng are natural antioxidants with great development prospect, and have the functions of removing free radicals, resisting aging, preventing cardiovascular diseases and the like. The flavone of the red fruit ginseng is used as a novel natural and health-care green food antioxidant. The red ginseng procyanidin has the effects of whitening, increasing skin elasticity, relieving eye fatigue and the like, and is popular with the public. The medicine can be used as both medicine and food, is fresh, sweet and delicious, is long-lasting in storage and transportation, can be used for medicine, is nontoxic in the whole plant, can be used as a medicine, is sweet in taste, is mild in property and slightly bitter in taste, and enters lung channels. Has the effects of invigorating qi, replenishing blood, eliminating phlegm, relieving pain, relieving asthma and cough, nourishing, regulating qi, tonifying deficiency, removing blood stasis, relieving pain, and the like, and is mainly used for treating traumatic injury, qi deficiency, hypodynamia, intestinal colic, and the like. Has wild habit, and has the effects of medicinal use, eating, nourishing, health care and the like.
And dragon fruit (Latin article name: Hylocereus undatus Britt), also known as red dragon fruit, dragon pearl fruit, Xianmei fruit, Yulong dragon fruit. Cactaceae, genus Petasites. The fruit is oval, 10-12 cm in diameter, red or yellow in appearance, has a green rounded triangle-shaped frond, white, red or yellow flesh, and has black seeds.
The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, and is light-loving, yin-tolerant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving and barren-resistant. The growth is rapid under warm and humid environment with sufficient light. Its stem can be stuck on rock, and can be grown, and its plant can resist strong wind force, and its support can resist typhoon. The pitaya is sweet and mild in nature, and the main nutritional ingredients of the pitaya include protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like. It is rich in pulp fiber, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B12, C, etc., and kernel contains minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc., various enzymes, albumin, cellulose and high-concentration natural pigment anthocyanin (especially red meat). The sugar content of the pulp of the dragon fruit is mainly glucose, belongs to natural glucose and is easy to absorb. The dragon fruit is sweet in taste and juicy, and is popular with the public.
The planting interval of dragon fruit is big, the dragon fruit support is higher, space utilization is low, cause land resource waste to a certain extent, in order to effectively comprehensive utilization land resource, rationally adjust planting structure, realize peasant's income increase, improve orchard soil physicochemical structure, red fruit ginseng needs certain shade degree characteristic and the same soil environmental suitability in view of dragon fruit has the strong light of needs and, intercropping interplanting can be carried out, the soil is improved, three-dimensional space utilization and economic benefits, realize peasant's income increase, improve soil sample physicochemical structure, promote ecological and economic benefits's maximize.
At present, the planting area of the dragon fruits is gradually enlarged, most of the dragon fruits are in a single cultivation mode, and land resources and light energy cannot be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng, and solves the technical problem that land resources and light cannot be fully utilized in the existing single pitaya cultivation mode.
By scientifically setting the row spacing, the plant spacing and the three-dimensional space between the red fruit and the dragon fruit, matching with measures such as reasonable interplanting cultivation technology and the like, the land and the light energy are reasonably utilized, so that the land resource is utilized to the maximum, the growth of weeds is inhibited, the water and soil loss is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the ecological environment is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the management and the protection are convenient, the production cost is reduced, the yield per unit area is effectively improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng comprises the following steps,
step 1: preparing soil, namely stirring the soil by using 2.0 percent of nematicide root-knot-dispersing slow-application particles and ridging;
step 2: erecting dragon fruit brackets, planting dragon fruits on the side edges of the brackets, and planting red fruit ginseng between the brackets;
and step 3: the pitaya is grown robustly and mature branches without diseases and insect pests, the pitaya ginseng is grown robustly and seedlings without diseases and insect pests, the pitaya is planted by adopting an A-shaped pitaya frame building cultivation and column type cultivation method, and the pitaya ginseng is planted between two stand columns;
and 4, step 4: fertilizing management, and managing flowering phase and fruit development phase;
and 5: performing field management, namely pruning and pinching branches and leaves during the planting period of the dragon fruits;
step 6: harvesting the fruits, wherein the flowering period of the pitaya is from 4 months to 11 months, and the fruits are harvested 35-45 days after flowering; the fruit of the red ginseng can be harvested when the fruit turns color to more than 80% in the mature period of 12 months to 3 months of the next year.
Further, in the ridging operation in the step 1, the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm, the width of each ridge is 100-120 cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 100 cm.
Further, the concrete process of the step 2 is that an A-shaped dragon fruit erecting structure is erected, the distance between the A-shaped supports is built according to 2m-2.5 m, the top ends and the side faces of the supports are connected together through steel wire ropes, a column structure is arranged, the dragon fruits are planted at the columns of the ridges, the columns are built according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2.0, and a circular steel ring support is built at the top ends of the columns; the red fruit ginseng is planted between the two columns of the dragon fruit, and the planting distance of the red fruit ginseng on the ridges is 50-100 cm.
Further, the specific process of the step 3 is that the A-shaped frame is arranged in the center of a ridge according to the direction of the ridge, the dragon fruit seedlings are planted in a single plant with the plant distance of 50-80cm, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the supporting bamboo strips, 800 plus 1200 dragon fruits can be planted per mu, and 1 red ginseng is planted between the two dragon fruits; the upright post is arranged in the center of the ridge, 3-4 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright post, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright post, and 560-600 dragon fruits can be planted per mu; the method comprises the following steps that 2-3 red fruit ginsengs are planted between the red fruit ginsengs and two stand columns, old dragon fruit orchards are directly planted under dragon fruit plants on ridges without shading, the dragon fruit is planted in 3-9 months, the red fruit ginsengs are planted for 3-5 months, however, a dragon fruit planting support must be built first, then the dragon fruit and the red fruit ginsengs are planted, the newly planted red fruit ginsengs need shading, shading nets with 65-75% light transmittance are adopted for shading, and black weed suppression films cover empty spaces between the two ridges.
Further, the step 1 also comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, applying enough organic fertilizer during soil plowing and soil preparation, covering soil after applying the fertilizer, and using 2000kg-3000kg of organic fertilizer and 100kg-150kg of compound fertilizer for each mu of pitaya and red ginseng to share the base fertilizer.
Further, the specific process of the step 4 is that after the seedlings of the dragon fruits and the red fruit ginsengs are fixedly planted for 30-50 days, 1-1.5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer added with 0.3-0.5% of urea and 0.2-0.5% of mineral source potassium fulvate is applied to each plant; applying 80-100 kg of organic fertilizer and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of dragon fruit tip-tapping fertilizer, flower-tapping fertilizer and flower-strengthening and fruit-strengthening fertilizer; and (3) applying the mineral source potassium fulvate water-soluble fertilizer once every 2-3 months for 3-9 months after the red-fruit ginseng is planted and survived, applying the mineral source potassium fulvate water-soluble fertilizer for three times in total, and spraying 0.1% monopotassium phosphate for 1-2 times on leaf surfaces in a flowering period and a fruit development period every month.
Further, the concrete process of the step 5 is that when the branches grow to 1.3-1.4 m, pinching is carried out, branching is promoted, the branches naturally droop, the branches with fruits are cut off after fruit picking, new buds are generated, the trunk and the branches of the red fruit ginseng are tied up by a rope and are hung and fixed on a dragon fruit support when the red fruit ginseng is planted for 5-6 months and the plant height is 50-60cm and the crown width is 50-60cm, and the fruit quality is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the red fruit ginseng creeps on the ground.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the mode for interplanting the red fruit and the dragon fruit is the interplanting of the crops with different illumination intensities, can meet different illumination requirements of the red fruit and the dragon fruit, can utilize nutrients of different levels in soil for the interplanting of the red fruit and the dragon fruit with different root systems, and mainly absorbs the nutrients in the middle layer of the soil; the red fruit ginseng mainly absorbs nutrients on the surface layer of soil; effectively improve the utilization rate of soil nutrients.
(2) According to the invention, through a mode of interplanting the red fruit ginseng and the pitaya, the gap land and the three-dimensional space in the same field are fully utilized, the workload of intertillage weeding is reduced, and greater economic benefits are generated on limited land resources.
(3) According to the mode for interplanting the red fruits and the dragon fruits, both the red fruits and the dragon fruits need a large amount of organic fertilizer and trace elements, and can be simultaneously fertilized, so that the labor cost is reduced. The fruiting time of the red fruit ginseng is staggered with the flowering and fruiting period of the dragon fruit, so that fertilizer elements are mutually supplemented during topdressing, branches fall down and fall down after the red fruit ginseng bears fruits, and the red fruit ginseng is hung right by pulling an iron wire on a dragon fruit support or an upright post, so that the effect of protecting the right is achieved, the cost is reduced, the time is saved, and the half-effort is doubled compared with the case that the support frame is independently established by planting the red fruit ginseng alone.
(4) The invention uses the biological organic fertilizer and the humic acid fertilizer, has no public hazard and pollution, and virtually reduces the production cost.
(5) Compared with the mode of planting the two plants separately, the mode of planting the pitaya and the pitaya in the invention can increase the land coverage rate, prevent soil hardening, reduce water and soil loss, simultaneously play a role in enhancing the soil fertilizer efficiency, reduce the use amount of the fertilizer, reduce 15-18% of the base fertilizer, facilitate the resolving and avoiding of the market risk brought by the operation of a single crop through the compound operation of the two crops, and play a role in complementing benefits.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1:
a planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng comprises the following steps,
planting method for interplanting red fruit ginseng in A-shaped pitaya frame structure
(1) Land preparation:
the granular nematocide with the concentration of 2.0 percent of root mass and slow release is used for stirring the soil and ridging, the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 100cm, and the space between ridges is 100 cm.
(2) Planting mode:
planting dragon fruits in 3 months, arranging the middle of the planting ridge surface, wherein the planting distance is 50cm, and adopting A-shaped supports with the support distance of 2.5 m; the red fruit ginseng is planted between the connecting lines of the two plants of the dragon fruit.
(3) Seedling selection:
the dragon fruit is prepared by sterilizing healthy, mature and nutritional branches with the height of 30-50 cm in a solution with the volume of 300 times that of 50% thiophanate methyl for 10 minutes, airing for 3 days and then directly planting. The red fruit ginseng is directly planted by selecting a nutrition cup seedling with the height of 10cm-20 cm.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
the dragon fruit adopts an A-shaped dragon fruit shelving cultivation method: the A-shaped frame is arranged in the center of the ridge according to the direction of the ridge, the dragon fruit seedlings are planted in a single plant with the plant spacing of 50cm, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the supporting bamboo strips, and 1200 dragon fruits can be planted in each mu; planting red fruit ginseng, digging a small hole at a planting position in the middle between two dragon seedlings, putting bud seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the bud seedlings, applying an organic fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling; dripping feet after planting and fixing roots. .
(5) Planting time: the dragon fruits can be planted all the year round, and the best planting is realized in 3-9 months; the planting time of the red fruit ginseng is 3-5 months, but the dragon fruit planting bracket is firstly built, and then the dragon fruit and the red fruit ginseng are planted.
(6) Shading seedlings and mulching film: the newly planted red fruit ginseng is shaded, and a shading net with 65-75% of light transmittance is adopted for shading so as to improve the survival rate of the red fruit ginseng. The open space between the two ridges is covered with a black weed suppression film.
(7) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
base fertilizer, before planting, combining soil ploughing and soil preparation, applying enough organic fertilizer, and covering soil after fertilizing; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the red fruit ginsengs, and 2000kg to 3000kg of organic fertilizer and 100kg to 150kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu;
topdressing, namely applying water-soluble fertilizer added with 0.3-0.5% of urea and 0.2-0.5% of mineral source potassium fulvate to each plant according to 1kg after planting the pitaya and red fruit ginseng seedlings for 30 days; applying 80 kg of organic fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of dragon fruit tip-tapping fertilizer, flower-tapping fertilizer and flower-strengthening and fruit-strengthening fertilizer; applying the mineral source potassium fulvate water-soluble fertilizer once every 2 months after the red ginseng is planted and survived, and applying for three times; spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to leaf surface 1 time every month in flowering period and fruit development period.
(8) Field management:
pruning and pinching branches and leaves during dragon fruit planting, pinching when the branches grow to 1.3-1.4 m, promoting branching, and allowing the branches to naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again; and meanwhile, pest control is well performed.
The trunk and branches of the red fruit ginseng are tied up by ropes and are lifted and fixed on the pitaya bracket when the plant height reaches 50-60cm and the crown width reaches 50-60cm 5 months after planting, so that the red fruit ginseng is prevented from creeping on the ground to influence the fruit quality.
(9) Harvesting fruits: the dragon fruit is collected from 4 to 11 months in the flowering period, and is usually collected 35 to 45 days after flowering; the fruit of the red ginseng can be harvested when the fruit turns color to more than 80% in the mature period of 12 months to 3 months of the next year.
The yield is shown in the table below, compared with a single dragon fruit, the average single fruit weight of the dragon fruit is increased by 8.1% and 9.2%, the average yield per mu is increased by 8.6% and 9.9%, and the average soluble solid content is increased by 27.7% and 20.5 in the two interplanting modes of A-shaped bracket row type planting and cement column type planting. The average yield per mu of the two interplanting modes is increased by 160.3 percent and 146.3 percent respectively compared with the single yield per mu, which shows that the planting method for interplanting the pitaya and the red ginseng provided by the invention can obviously improve the single fruit weight, the yield per mu and the fruit quality of the pitaya and greatly improve the planting benefit. The method for interplanting the pitaya and the red fruit ginseng can improve the utilization rate of land and illumination, saves pesticide and fertilizer, has positive effect on environmental friendliness, and has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
TABLE 1 comparison of yields
(2) Technical key points of interplanting, production increasing and efficiency increasing
Firstly, the interplanting of the pitaya and the red fruit ginseng can adjust the field microclimate, keep the soil surface moist, reduce the field temperature in summer and is beneficial to promoting the blooming and the fruit growth of the pitaya.
Secondly, the soil condition can be improved by interplanting the pitaya and the red fruit ginseng, branches and leaves of the red fruit ginseng which is thick on the ground are decomposed into organic matters, the formation of a soil aggregate structure is promoted, and the permeability and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved.
Thirdly, the interplanting of the pitaya and the red fruit ginseng can inhibit the breeding of weeds in the field, the labor cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.
Fourthly, the interplanting of the red fruit ginseng and the dragon fruits can utilize different flowering and fruiting time of the dragon fruits, the flowering time of the dragon fruits is 5-10 months, the flowering and fruiting period of the red fruit ginseng is 10-3 months next year, and the flowering and fruiting time of the red fruit ginseng and the dragon fruits are staggered, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be effectively improved; moreover, the mature period of the dragon fruit is 7-11 months, the mature period of the red fruit ginseng is 10-3 months, which is just the market fruit neutral period, and the method has high price and good benefit.
Example 2:
a planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng comprises the following steps,
(1) land preparation:
the granular nematocide with the concentration of 2.0 percent of root mass and slow release is used for stirring the soil and ridging, the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 100cm, and the space between ridges is 100 cm.
(2) Planting mode:
dragon fruit column structure is planted: the dragon fruits are planted on the columns of the ridge, the interval between the columns is 1.5m, and a circular steel ring support is established at the top end of each column; the red fruit ginseng is planted between the two columns of the dragon fruit, and the plant spacing of the red fruit ginseng on the ridges is 50 cm.
(3) Seedling selection:
the dragon fruit is prepared by sterilizing healthy, mature and nutritional branches with the height of 30-50 cm in a solution with the volume of 300 times that of 50% thiophanate methyl for 10 minutes, airing for 3 days and then directly planting. The red fruit ginseng is directly planted by selecting a nutrition cup seedling with the height of 10cm-20 cm.
(4) The planting method comprises the following steps:
the upright post is arranged in the center of the ridge, 3-4 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright post, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright post, and 560-600 dragon fruits can be planted per mu; planting 2 red fruit ginseng plants between the red fruit ginseng plants and two upright columns, wherein the plant spacing is 50 cm; planting red fruit ginseng, digging a small hole at a planting position in the middle between two dragon seedlings, putting bud seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the bud seedlings, applying an organic fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling; dripping feet after planting and fixing roots. .
(5) Planting time: the dragon fruits can be planted all the year round, and the best planting is realized in 3-9 months; the planting time of the red fruit ginseng is 3-5 months, but the dragon fruit planting bracket is firstly built, and then the dragon fruit and the red fruit ginseng are planted.
(6) Shading seedlings and mulching film: the newly planted red fruit ginseng is required to be shaded, a shading net with 65-75% of light transmittance is adopted for shading, and the shading net is arranged on the dragon fruit support. The open space between the two ridges is covered with a black weed suppression film.
(7) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
base fertilizer, before planting, combining soil ploughing and soil preparation, applying enough organic fertilizer, and covering soil after fertilizing; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the red fruit ginsengs, and 2500kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of compound fertilizer are used per mu;
topdressing, namely applying water-soluble fertilizer added with 0.5 percent of urea and 0.5 percent of mineral source potassium fulvate to each plant according to 1kg after the pitaya and red fruit ginseng nursery stocks are fixedly planted for 30 days; applying 80 kg of organic fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of dragon fruit tip-tapping fertilizer, flower-tapping fertilizer and flower-strengthening and fruit-strengthening fertilizer; applying the mineral source potassium fulvate water-soluble fertilizer once every 2 months after the red ginseng is planted and survived, and applying for three times; spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to leaf surface 1 time every month in flowering period and fruit development period.
(8) Field management:
pruning and pinching branches and leaves during dragon fruit planting, pinching when the branches grow to 1.3-1.4 m, promoting branching, and allowing the branches to naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again; and meanwhile, pest control is well performed.
The trunk and branches of the red fruit ginseng are tied up by ropes and are lifted and fixed on the pitaya bracket when the plant height reaches 50-60cm and the crown width reaches 50-60cm 5 months after planting, so that the red fruit ginseng is prevented from creeping on the ground to influence the fruit quality.
Harvesting fruits: the dragon fruit is collected from 4 to 11 months in the flowering period, and is usually collected 35 to 45 days after flowering; the fruit of the red ginseng can be harvested when the fruit turns color to more than 80% in the mature period of 12 months to 3 months of the next year.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of,
step 1: preparing soil, namely stirring the soil by using 2.0 percent of nematicide root-knot-dispersing slow-application particles and ridging;
step 2: erecting dragon fruit brackets, planting dragon fruits on the side edges of the brackets, and planting red fruit ginseng between the brackets;
and step 3: the pitaya is grown robustly and mature branches without diseases and insect pests, the pitaya ginseng is grown robustly and seedlings without diseases and insect pests, the pitaya is planted by adopting an A-shaped pitaya frame building cultivation and column type cultivation method, and the pitaya ginseng is planted between two stand columns;
and 4, step 4: fertilizing management, and managing flowering phase and fruit development phase;
and 5: performing field management, namely pruning and pinching branches and leaves during the planting period of the dragon fruits;
step 6: harvesting the fruits, wherein the flowering period of the pitaya is from 4 months to 11 months, and the fruits are harvested 35-45 days after flowering; the fruit of the red ginseng can be harvested when the fruit turns color to more than 80% in the mature period of 12 months to 3 months of the next year.
2. The planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the ridging operation of the step 1, the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm, the width of each ridge is 100-120 cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 100 cm.
3. The planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the specific process of the step 2 is that an A-shaped dragon fruit erecting structure is erected, the distance between the A-shaped supports is built according to 2m-2.5 m, the top ends and the side faces of the supports are connected together through steel wire ropes, a column structure is arranged, the dragon fruits are planted at the columns of the ridges, the columns are built according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2.0, and a circular steel ring support is built at the top ends of the columns; the red fruit ginseng is planted between the two columns of the dragon fruit, and the planting distance of the red fruit ginseng on the ridges is 50-100 cm.
4. The planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the specific process of the step 3 is that the A-shaped frame is arranged in the center of a ridge according to the direction of the ridge, the dragon fruit seedlings are planted in a single plant with the plant spacing of 50-80cm, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the supporting bamboo strips, and 1200 dragon fruits can be planted in each mu; 1 red fruit ginseng is planted between two dragon seedlings, the upright post is arranged in the center of the ridge, 3-4 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright post, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright post, and 560 plus 600 dragon fruits can be planted per mu; the method comprises the following steps that 2-3 red fruit ginsengs are planted between the red fruit ginsengs and two stand columns, old dragon fruit orchards are directly planted under dragon fruit plants on ridges without shading, the dragon fruit is planted in 3-9 months, the red fruit ginsengs are planted for 3-5 months, however, a dragon fruit planting support must be built first, then the dragon fruit and the red fruit ginsengs are planted, the newly planted red fruit ginsengs need shading, shading nets with 65-75% light transmittance are adopted for shading, and black weed suppression films cover empty spaces between the two ridges.
5. The planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the step 1 also comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, applying enough organic fertilizer when ploughing soil and preparing soil, covering soil after applying the fertilizer, and using 2000kg-3000kg of organic fertilizer and 100kg-150kg of compound fertilizer for each mu of pitaya and red fruit ginseng to share the base fertilizer.
6. The planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 4, applying water-soluble fertilizers added with 0.3-0.5% of urea and 0.2-0.5% of mineral source potassium fulvate according to 1-1.5 kg of each plant after the seedlings of the pitaya and the red fruit ginseng are fixedly planted for 30-50 d; applying 80-100 kg of organic fertilizer and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of dragon fruit tip-tapping fertilizer, flower-tapping fertilizer and flower-strengthening and fruit-strengthening fertilizer; and (3) applying the mineral source potassium fulvate water-soluble fertilizer once every 2-3 months for 3-9 months after the red-fruit ginseng is planted and survived, applying the mineral source potassium fulvate water-soluble fertilizer for three times in total, and spraying 0.1% monopotassium phosphate for 1-2 times on leaf surfaces in a flowering period and a fruit development period every month.
7. The planting method for interplanting pitaya and red fruit ginseng according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and 5, pinching when the branch grows to 1.3-1.4 m, promoting branching, naturally allowing the branch to droop, cutting off the branch with the fruit after fruit picking, allowing the branch to sprout again, binding the trunk and the branch of the red fruit ginseng by using a rope and hoisting and fixing the trunk and the branch on a pitaya bracket when the plant height is 50-60cm and the crown width is 50-60cm after the red fruit ginseng is planted for 5-6 months, so that the fruit quality is prevented from being influenced by creeping of the red fruit ginseng on the ground.
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| CN112042486A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-12-08 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | Three-dimensional intercropping and interplanting method for pitaya |
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