CN113767727A - Improvement method of acid yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting - Google Patents

Improvement method of acid yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting Download PDF

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CN113767727A
CN113767727A CN202111164694.9A CN202111164694A CN113767727A CN 113767727 A CN113767727 A CN 113767727A CN 202111164694 A CN202111164694 A CN 202111164694A CN 113767727 A CN113767727 A CN 113767727A
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fertilizer
tobacco
soil
nitrogen
planting
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CN113767727B (en
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孙敬国
王欣
彭五星
张允政
王昌军
孙光伟
陈振国
李建平
刘岱松
尹忠春
冯吉
王义伟
邓建强
袁跃斌
郭利
何波
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Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province
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Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an improvement method of acid yellow brown soil for shale development of tobacco planting, which belongs to the technical field of acid-base improvement of tobacco planting soil, wherein soil is divided into two types with the pH value of less than 5.5 and the pH value of more than 5.5 and less than 6.5, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and oyster powder with different dosages are selected for the two types, and a rotation mode and the like are adopted, so that a brand new thought and an improvement way are provided for the acidification prevention and control of the acid yellow brown soil for the tobacco planting; can obviously improve the acidification degree of the yellow brown soil, not only can obviously improve the pH value of the yellow brown soil, but also can improve the fertility of the yellow brown soil and coordinate the nutrient balance of the soil.

Description

Improvement method of acid yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acid-base improvement of tobacco planting soil, and particularly relates to an improvement method of acidic yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting.
Background
The soil is a carrier for the growth of crops, and the pH value of the soil is related to the growth quality of the crops. The yellow brown soil developed by the argillite is one of the main soil types in the smoke area in Hubei province. As the argillite yellow brown soil is weak in acidification resistance, tobacco planting enterprises need to improve the utilization rate of N fertilizer according to the soil characteristics, realize the reduction of the application of the N fertilizer and simultaneously improve the acidification resistance of the soil, and prevent the acidification risk of the soil.
In recent years, there are some new technologies around the method of increasing the pH of tobacco field soil, for example, chinese granted patent CN107384436B discloses a method of applying soil conditioner during the tobacco planting process, planting wheat after the tobacco leaves are harvested in the tobacco field, performing tobacco field stubble changing, and applying fertilizer. The soil conditioner is prepared from modified tobacco straw biochar, modified bentonite, humic acid raw powder, dolomite powder, quick lime, biological black carbon, sulfur, bacillus subtilis HS5B5, silicon calcium powder and vinasse. The pH value of the tobacco field soil after the soil conditioner is applied is 5.5-7.0.
For example, the Chinese granted patent CN108611100B discloses an acid soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application thereof, the soil conditioner can effectively adjust the pH value of soil, neutralize free acid, passivate active aluminum and solve the problem of acid and toxicity of soil. The raw materials of the soil conditioner comprise gasified fine slag, gasified coarse slag, boiler coarse ash, boiler fine ash, lignite, turfy soil, red mud, bentonite and SE functional substances; the SE functional material consists of alginic acid, polyaspartic acid, amino acid biochar and a saccharifying enzyme treatment product.
For another example, chinese granted patent CN106635030B discloses an acid soil conditioner, the raw materials of which include biochar, peat and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in specific proportions, and the application of the conditioner improves the neutralization capacity of the biochar for pH in soil by increasing the basic groups in the biochar. By combining the various methods, the pH value of the soil is mainly adjusted by the modifying agent, classification treatment according to the pH value of the soil is not seen, and a soil acidification modifying method aiming at the yellow brown soil developed by the argillite is not seen.
However, the relatively simple method of applying a soil conditioner or solution thereof to soil, as described above, for acid yellow brown soil for tobacco planting, does not provide the most effective improvement of soil acidity and does not provide the fastest increase in soil pH.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving acid yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting, which is realized by the following technology.
The improvement method of acid yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting comprises the following steps:
s1, before land preparation, a soil sample is adopted for pH value measurement, and according to the pH value, the soil is divided into two types of pH value less than 5.5 and pH value less than 6.5 and more than 5.5;
s2, improving the two types of soil;
for soils with a pH <5.5, the specific method is as follows:
s21, weighing nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and oyster powder and uniformly mixing; the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5-7 kg/mu, and the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1-2: 1.5-3; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by adopting a chemical fertilizer and an organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1.5-2.4:1 of pure N; the dosage of the oyster powder is 100-150 kg/mu;
s22, before transplanting the tobacco plants, performing basal application on the mixed fertilizer obtained in the step S21 in a strip application mode, and then performing ridging;
for soils with pH values of 5.5 < 6.5, the specific method is as follows:
after the tobacco leaves in the year are all harvested, removing tobacco stalks and cleaning a tobacco field, and deep ploughing (the deep ploughing depth is generally 35-40cm) in the middle of 11 months, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 35-40 cm; weighing and spreading fertilizers required by planting corn, and then ridging;
the deep ploughing is beneficial to the effective replacement of the soil with the depth of 0-40cm, on one hand, the productivity is kept, the soil metabolism is promoted, on the other hand, the accumulation of soil exchangeable H ions with the depth of 0-20cm is facilitated, and the possibility and the trend of soil acidification are effectively eliminated.
After the harvest of all the corns in the year is finished, removing the corn stalks, cleaning the tobacco field, and deep ploughing in the middle of 11 months (the deep ploughing depth is generally 35-40 cm); weighing and sowing fertilizers required by planting tobacco, wherein the dosage of a nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5-6.5 kg/mu, and the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphorus fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 1:1-1.5: 1.5-2.5; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by matching chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1.2-2.5: 1;
s3, planting the tobacco and the corn according to a one-year rotation mode, performing basal application on the mixed fertilizer obtained in the step S2 according to a strip application mode before planting the tobacco and the corn, and then performing ridging;
wherein, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated by the content of pure N, and the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is calculated by P2O5The content of the potassium fertilizer is calculated by K2And (4) measuring the content of O, wherein the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all chemical fertilizers.
Aiming at the acidic yellow brown soil developed by argillaceous rocks in different pH value environments and the special requirements of applying the acidic yellow brown soil to tobacco planting, the acidic yellow brown soil is divided into two special types of pH value less than 5.5 and less than 6.5. Different soil improvement methods are respectively designed for the two different types of acid yellow brown soil, and the improvement method is characterized by the matching use of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and oyster powder and a specific fertilization and planting method. In the soil (yellow brown soil) with the pH value less than 5.5, the use method and the use amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are specially limited, and meanwhile, the oyster powder is used in a matched manner, so that the acidification degree of the soil after the tobacco planting can be obviously reduced. For the soil with the pH value of more than 5.5 and less than 6.5, the requirements of acidification prevention and control of the soil can be met only by pertinently optimizing the use method and the use amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
Preferably, in step S21, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:2: 3; the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer adopted by the used nitrogen fertilizer are 7:3 by mass ratio of pure N.
Preferably, in step S21, the amount of oyster powder is 100 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the method for improving the soil with the pH value of 5.5-6.5 in the step S2, after the tobacco leaves are harvested, the fertilizer used for planting the corn is sowed, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.8-1.2:1-1.5, and the mass ratio of the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer adopted by the used nitrogen fertilizer is 1.2-3:1 according to the pure N.
More preferably, in the method for improving the soil with the pH value of 5.5 < 6.5 in the step S2, after the tobacco leaves are harvested, the fertilizer required by the corn planting is sowed, and the dosage ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 1:0.9: 1.2; the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer adopted by the used nitrogen fertilizer are 2.5:1 by mass ratio of pure N.
Preferably, in the method for improving the soil with the pH value of 5.5 < 6.5 in the step S2, after the corn is harvested, the fertilizer required by the tobacco is sowed, and the dosage ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 1:1.5: 2.5; the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer adopted by the nitrogen fertilizer are 2:1 by mass ratio of pure N.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a soil acidification improvement method of yellow brown soil aiming at argillaceous rock development. The acid yellow brown soil is specifically divided into two different acidification types, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and oyster powder are applied in a targeted manner in a matching manner, so that a brand new thought and improvement way is provided for acidification prevention and control of the acid yellow brown soil for tobacco planting; the acidification degree of the yellow brown soil can be obviously reduced, the pH value of the yellow brown soil is not reduced, and the pH value of the yellow brown soil is also obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The tests conducted in the following examples and comparative examples were conducted in the year 2016 + 2018 in the village of the towns of the Qingfeng town, Shiwein City, Hubei province, using Yunyan 87 as the test specimen.
After 2018 years of tobacco leaves are all harvested, removing tobacco stems, removing mulching films, adopting a soil sample of 0-20cm on the ridge body according to a 5-point method, and measuring the pH value of soil by adopting PHS-3C. Selecting the yellow brown soil with the pH value meeting the test requirement for testing. The pH values of the brown soils used in the following examples and comparative examples were selected to be five pH types, 4.45, 4.84, 5.31, 5.76, 5.82, 6.15, respectively. The fields used in the following examples and comparative examples are all about half an acre, i.e. about 333 square meters;
in the following examples and comparative examples, the fertilizer used includes tobacco specific fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), phosphate fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, calcium superphosphate), potash fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, potassium sulfate), tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, oyster shell powder; in the special fertilizer for tobacco, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively 8%, 12% and 24%; phosphate fertilizer with phosphorus content of 12%; the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer mainly contains 1% of nitrogen and nitrogen. During the test, the various fertilizers need to be converted to obtain the ratio and the dosage required by the test.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the field management for tobacco was: fertilizing and ridging are carried out about 6 days in 4 months every year, marking is carried out according to the row spacing of 1.2m, strip application is carried out on the fertilizer, then, a tobacco planting ridger is adopted to carry out ridging, and film mulching is carried out on the same day after ridging.
Transplanting tobacco seedlings about 5 months and 8 days, and punching by using a puncher along the central line of the top of the ridge body according to the planting distance of 0.55m to start transplanting; after punching, watering 1kg in each hole, vertically planting tobacco seedlings before water is not completely infiltrated into the soil, and enclosing roots by using the accompanying soil when no water exists in the tobacco holes, wherein the thickness of the root enclosing soil is 2.5 cm; other field management adopts a conventional production management method of local high-quality tobacco leaves;
in the following examples and comparative examples, the field management for corn was:
(1) seedling checking and supplementing: in the seedling releasing process, if the seedling is lack and the ridge is broken, the germination and the reseeding can be timely accelerated or the seedling is slowly moved and reseeded, or two plants are left in the adjacent positions;
(2) and (3) performing proper-period final singling: in the 3-4 leaf stage of seedling, the proper thinning and final singling time is determined according to the seedling situation in the field, the growth vigor is strong, the seedling field needs to be set in the morning and in the morning, and the seedling vigor can be set in the evening and in the evening. During final singling, strong seedlings and big seedlings of each hole are selected and reserved, and small seedlings and weak seedlings are removed;
(3) chemical control and tilting prevention: when the seedling density is higher than 4500 plants/mu, chemical control agents such as jindele and jade gold are sprayed when 6-9 leaves are visible (before the jointing stage), so that the length of basal internodes is shortened, the toughness of the basal internodes is enhanced, the root growth is promoted, and the lodging of corn is prevented;
(4) and (3) pest control: preventing and treating cutworms: in the seedling stage of the corn, cultivating and growing grass in time, and in the full incubation period of cutworm eggs, uniformly spraying or irrigating roots by using 1000-2000 times of solution soil of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution; preventing and controlling corn borers: the core is filled with 2000-fold liquid of 50 percent phoxim. .
Example 1
The method for improving the acid yellow brown soil for the development of the argillaceous rocks comprises the following specific steps:
s1, before land preparation, selecting two types of soil with pH value less than 5.5 and pH value less than 6.5, wherein the pH value is 5.31 and the pH value is 5.82 respectively;
s2, improving the two types of soil;
for soils with a pH <5.5, the specific method is as follows:
s21, weighing nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and oyster powder and uniformly mixing;
105kg of special tobacco fertilizer, 95kg of calcium superphosphate, 21.6kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 360kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching manner according to the mass ratio of pure N of 7:3, and the amount of the converted nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu calculated by pure N; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 12 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 18 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:2: 3; the dosage of the oyster powder is 100 kg/mu;
s22, before transplanting the tobacco plants, performing basal application on the mixed fertilizer obtained in the step S21 in a strip application mode, and then performing ridging;
for soils with pH values of 5.5 < 6.5, the specific method is as follows:
removing tobacco stalks and cleaning a tobacco field after all the tobacco leaves in the year are harvested, and deep ploughing in the middle of 11 months, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 35-40 cm; weighing and spreading fertilizers required by planting corn, and then ridging;
27.31kg of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, Hongfufang company), 47.69kg of calcium superphosphate (Vanilla company), 24kg of potassium sulfate (Vanilla company) and 290kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer (material factory of Enshi tobacco company), namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 2.5:1, and the dosage of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from nitramine phosphate fertilizer (red tetragonal) and superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O54.5 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 6 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.9: 1.2;
after the harvesting of all the corns in the year is finished, removing the corn stalks, cleaning the tobacco field, and deep ploughing in the middle of 11 months, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 35-40 cm; weighing and spreading fertilizers required by planting tobacco, and then ridging;
selecting 100.5kg of special tobacco fertilizer (Vanilla corporation), 49.5kg of calcium superphosphate (Vanilla corporation), 11.76kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer (Vanilla corporation) and 396kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer (material factory of Enshi tobacco corporation), namely, the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are cooperatively applied according to the mass ratio of pure N of 2:1, and the consumption of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 9 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 15 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1.5: 2.5;
s3, planting the tobacco and the corn according to a one-year rotation mode, performing basal application on the mixed fertilizer obtained in the step S2 according to a strip application mode before planting the tobacco and the corn, and then performing ridging;
wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated by the content of pure N, and the phosphate fertilizer is calculated by P2O5The content of the potassium fertilizer is K2The content of O.
Example 2
The pH of the field selected in this example is specifically 4.45 and 6.15, respectively; the differences from the modified method of example 1 are:
1. for soils with pH values <5.5
Selecting 40.96kg of nitrogenous fertilizer (nitrammoniumphosphate fertilizer, Hongfufang company), 209.04kg of calcium superphosphate (Xiangqing company), 45kg of potassium sulfate (Xiangqing company) and 435kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer (material factory of Enshi tobacco company), namely, the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 2.4:1, and the dosage of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 7.5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 15 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2The O content is 11.25 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:2: 1.5; the dosage of Concha Ostreae powder is 100kgPer mu;
2. for soil with pH value of 5.5 & lt 6.5
After the corn is harvested, fertilizer required by planting tobacco is scattered, 27.5kg of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, Hongfufang company), 135kg of calcium superphosphate (Xiangqing company), 39kg of potassium sulfate (Xiangqing company) and 585kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer (material factory of Nicotiana tobacco company) are selected, namely the chemical fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are cooperatively applied according to the mass ratio of pure N of 1.2:1, and the dosage of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 6.5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 9.75 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 9.75 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1.5: 1.5;
after the tobacco leaves are harvested, 31.73kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 78.27kg of calcium superphosphate, 22kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 275kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected as the fertilizer for planting the corn, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 3:1, and the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 6.6 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 5.5 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1.2: 1.
Example 3
The pH of the field selected in this example is specifically 4.84 and 5.82, respectively; the differences from the modified method of example 1 are:
1. for soils with pH values <5.5
25.39kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongfufang), 66.28kg of calcium superphosphate, 66kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 440kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 1.5:1, and the amount of the converted nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5 kg/mu calculated by pure N; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O55.5 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is specially used for tobaccoUsing fertilizer and potassium sulfate, the converted amount of potassium fertilizer is K2O is 16.5 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1: 3; the dosage of the oyster powder is 100 kg/mu;
2. for soil with pH value of 5.5 & lt 6.5
After the corn is harvested, fertilizer required by planting tobacco is sowed, 30.04kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 61.63kg of calcium superphosphate, 55kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 319kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching mode according to the mass ratio of pure N of 2.5:1, and the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O55.5 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 13.75 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1: 2.5;
after the tobacco leaves are harvested, 19.04kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 40.96kg of calcium superphosphate, 27kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 405kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected as the fertilizer for planting the corn, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 1.2:1, and the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 4.5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 3.6 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 6.75 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.8: 1.5;
comparative example 1
The pH value of the field selected in the comparative example is 5.31 and 5.82 respectively; the differences from the modified method of example 1 are:
1. for soils with pH values <5.5
131.25kg of special tobacco fertilizer, 118.75kg of calcium superphosphate, 27kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 450kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching manner according to the mass ratio of pure N of 3:1, and the amount of the converted nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu calculated by pure N; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate through conversionThe amount of the post-phosphate fertilizer is P2O5The weight is 18 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 6 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:3: 1; the dosage of the oyster powder is 100 kg/mu;
2. for soil with pH value of 5.5 & lt 6.5
After the corn is harvested, 36kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 214kg of calcium superphosphate, 12kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 264kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected and used in a spreading mode, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching mode according to the mass ratio of pure N being 3.5:1, and the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 15 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 3 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:2.5: 0.5;
after the tobacco leaves are harvested, 30.77kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 94.23kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 400kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected as the fertilizer for planting the corn, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 4:1, and the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 5 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 7.5 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 2.5 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1.5: 0.5;
comparative example 2
The pH value of the field selected in the comparative example is 5.31 and 5.82 respectively; the differences from the modified method of example 1 are:
1. for soils with pH values <5.5
23.07kg of nitramine phosphate fertilizer (Hongfufang), 26.92kg of calcium superphosphate, 96kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 600kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of 1:1 of pure N, and the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is converted according to the mass ratio of pure NThe pure N is 6 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 3 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 24 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.5: 4; the dosage of the oyster powder is 100 kg/mu;
2. for soil with pH value of 5.5 & lt 6.5
After the corn is harvested, fertilizer required by planting tobacco is sowed, 15.23kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 34.76kg of calcium superphosphate, 72kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 804kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching mode according to the mass ratio of pure N of 0.5:1, and the amount of the converted nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu calculated by pure N; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 3 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 18 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.5: 3;
after the tobacco leaves are harvested, 20.31kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (Hongsu), 29.69kg of calcium superphosphate, 43.2kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 672kg of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer are selected as the fertilizer for planting the corn, namely the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to the mass ratio of pure N of 0.8:1, and the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6 kg/mu calculated by pure N after conversion; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from tobacco special fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and the amount of the phosphate fertilizer is converted by P2O5The weight is 3 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is prepared from special tobacco fertilizer and potassium sulfate, and the converted amount of the potash fertilizer is K2O is 10.8 kg/mu; therefore, the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.5: 1.8;
comparative example 3
The difference between this comparative example and the modified method of example 1 is: the pH value of the field selected in the comparative example is divided into two types, namely the pH value is less than 4.5 and the pH value is more than 4.5 and less than 6.5; the comparative example specifically selects the field soil with the pH value of 4.45 and the pH value of 4.84;
the soil improvement method for pH <4.5 was the same as for the soil of pH <5.5 of example 1; the soil improvement method of 4.5 < pH < 6.5 was the same as that of the soil of 5.5 < pH < 6.5 of example 1.
Comparative example 4
The difference between this comparative example and the modified method of example 1 is: the pH value of the field selected in the comparative example is divided into two types, namely the pH value is less than 6 and the pH value is more than 6 and less than 6.5; the comparison example specifically selects the field soil with the pH value of 5.82 and the pH value of 6.15;
the soil with pH <6 was amended in the same way as the soil with pH <5.5 of example 1; the soil improvement method of 6 < pH < 6.5 was the same as that of the soil of 5.5 < pH < 6.5 of example 1.
Comparative example 5
The pH of the selected field of this comparative example was the same as that of example 1. The difference between this comparative example and the modified method of example 1 is: for soil with pH value less than 5.5, no oyster powder is added during basal application.
Comparative example 6
The pH of the selected field of this comparative example was the same as that of example 1. The difference between this comparative example and the modified method of example 1 is: for the soil with the pH value of more than 5.5 and less than 6.5, 100 kg/mu of oyster powder is also added into the base fertilizer during the tobacco planting.
Comparative example 7
The pH of the selected field of this comparative example was the same as that of example 1. The difference between this comparative example and the modified method of example 1 is: for the soil with the pH value of 5.5-6.5, tobacco and corn are planted instead of the one-year one-crop-rotation mode, and the tobacco is planted every year.
Testing and detecting:
after the tobacco (or corn) is planted according to a given method by improving the method, soil samples of 0-20cm on ridge bodies are collected according to a 5-point method for field blocks of each example and each comparative example at the end of 2020, and the following test and detection are carried out.
1. And (3) soil pH determination: the percentage of the pH value rise is calculated by adopting the national standard NY-T1377-2007 determination of the pH value of the soil and through a formula [ (the pH value of the soil after the test-the pH value of the soil before the test)/the pH value before the test ] multiplied by 100%;
2. acid damage of soilMeasurement of capacity: refer to the buffer capacity of soil to acid precipitation and the weathering characteristics of soil minerals (Liao Bai Han, Dy Showa, journal of environmental sciences 1991, 4 th period): weighing 20g of sample which is sieved by a 1mm sieve in each soil, adding 30-40 mL of deionized water (the water-soil ratio is finally kept to be 2.5:1 according to the soil), stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, determining the pH value of the suspension, performing a back drop experiment, and using 0.1mol L-1H of (A) to (B)2S04Dripping until the pH value of the soil suspension is about 3.5, standing for 24 hours, measuring the rising pH value, adding acid, repeatedly dripping until the rising pH value is less than 0.1 within 48 hours, stabilizing the pH value at about 3.5, and calculating the acid damage capacity of the soil according to the total amount of the added acid.
3. Acid damage strength (acid damage capacity/acid damage deviation) × 100%; the acid damage deviation is equal to the current soil pH value of-3.5;
4. and (3) measuring soil exchange acid: a potassium chloride exchange-neutralization titration method is adopted, namely the national standard HJ 649-;
5. and (3) soil CEC determination: the method was carried out by the barium chloride method with reference to a method in comparative study of two methods for measuring the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soil (cheng hong ling, science times 2014, 16 th).
The specific test results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 determination of the Effect of the different improvements
Figure BDA0003290980640000111
From the above table, it can be seen that the method of examples 1-3 is adopted to improve the acid yellow brown soil during the tobacco planting process, and the pH value of the yellow brown soil can be obviously increased. It can be seen from the comparison of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 that the change of the dosage proportion and application mode of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and oyster powder can obviously affect the pH value raising effect of the brown soil. By comparing the example 1 with the comparative examples 3 and 4, the pH value of the brown soil can be improved to the maximum extent according to the yellow brown soil division mode of the pH value less than 5.5 and the pH value less than 6.5 of 5.5, and the improvement degree of the pH value of the yellow brown soil can not reach the maximum extent according to the division mode; it can be seen from the comparison of example 1 and comparative examples 5 and 6 that the improvement effect of the acidity of the brown soil can be influenced to a certain extent by adding oyster powder or by adding the oyster powder or by using the proportion of the oyster powder to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the brown soil with the pH value of less than 5.5. By comparing example 1 with comparative example 7, it can be seen that when the acidity of the yellow brown soil with the pH value of 5.5 & lt and the pH value of 6.5 is improved, whether corn crop rotation is selected or not and the selection of the fertilizer for planting corn can influence the improvement effect on the acidity of the yellow brown soil.

Claims (6)

1. The improvement method of acid yellow brown soil for argillaceous rock development of tobacco planting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, before land preparation, a soil sample is adopted for pH value measurement, and according to the pH value, the soil is divided into two types of pH value less than 5.5 and pH value less than 6.5 and more than 5.5;
s2, improving the two types of soil;
for soils with a pH <5.5, the specific method is as follows:
s21, weighing nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and oyster powder and uniformly mixing; the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5-7 kg/mu, and the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 1:1-2: 1.5-3; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by adopting a chemical fertilizer and an organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1.5-2.4:1 of pure N; the dosage of the oyster powder is 100-150 kg/mu;
s22, before transplanting the tobacco plants, performing basal application on the mixed fertilizer obtained in the step S21 in a strip application mode, and then performing ridging;
for soils with pH values of 5.5 < 6.5, the specific method is as follows:
after all the tobacco leaves in the same year are harvested, removing tobacco stalks, cleaning tobacco fields, and deep ploughing in the middle of 11 months; weighing and spreading fertilizers required by planting corn, and then ridging;
after the harvesting of all the corns in the year is finished, removing the corn stalks, cleaning the tobacco field, and deep ploughing in the middle of 11 months, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 35-40 cm; weighing and sowing fertilizers required by planting tobacco, wherein the dosage of a nitrogen fertilizer is 5.5-6.5 kg/mu, and the dosage ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphorus fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 1:1-1.5: 1.5-2.5; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by matching chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1.2-2.5: 1;
s3, planting the tobacco and the corn according to a one-year rotation mode, performing basal application on the mixed fertilizer obtained in the step S2 according to a strip application mode before planting the tobacco and the corn, and then performing ridging;
wherein, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated by the content of pure N, and the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is calculated by P2O5The content of the potassium fertilizer is calculated by K2And (4) measuring the content of O, wherein the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all chemical fertilizers.
2. The method for improving acid yellow brown soil for mudstone development of tobacco planting according to claim 1, wherein in step S21, the dosage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 1:2: 3; the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer adopted by the used nitrogen fertilizer are 7:3 by mass ratio of pure N.
3. The method for improving acid yellow brown soil for mudstone development of tobacco planting according to claim 1, wherein the oyster powder is used in an amount of 100 kg/mu in step S21.
4. The method for improving acid yellow brown soil for mudstone development of tobacco planting according to claim 1, characterized in that in the method for improving soil with pH value of 5.5 < 6.5 of step S2, after tobacco leaves are harvested, the fertilizer for planting corn is sown, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu, the amount ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 1:0.8-1.2:1-1.5, and the mass ratio of fertilizer and organic fertilizer used by the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.2-3: 1.
5. The method for improving acid yellow brown soil for mudstone development of tobacco planting according to claim 4, wherein in the method for improving soil with pH value of 5.5 < 6.5 of step S2, after tobacco leaves are harvested, fertilizers required for planting corn are sown, wherein the dosage ratio of nitrogen fertilizers to phosphorus fertilizers to potassium fertilizers is 1:0.9:1.2, and the mass ratio of the fertilizers and organic fertilizers adopted by the used nitrogen fertilizers is 2.5:1 according to pure N.
6. The method for improving acid yellow brown soil for mudstone development of tobacco planting according to claim 1, wherein in the method for improving soil with pH value of 5.5 < 6.5 of step S2, after harvesting corn, fertilizer required for planting tobacco is sown, and the dosage ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 1:1.5: 2.5; the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer adopted by the nitrogen fertilizer are 2:1 by mass ratio of pure N.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104893733A (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-09-09 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 Nutritional type tobacco field soil acidification modifier formula and use method thereof
CN109197011A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-15 重庆市万植巨丰生态肥业有限公司 The pleiotropism of acid soil improves modification method
CN109429603A (en) * 2018-10-24 2019-03-08 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 A method of vega soil is improved as green manure using polygonum flaccidum
CN111328491A (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-06-26 湖南农业大学 Method for improving tobacco planting soil acidity and fertilizing by reconstructing plough layer
AU2020102198A4 (en) * 2020-09-10 2020-10-22 Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences A cultivation method for promoting the development of the root system in the early-growth stage of the flue-cured tobacco

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104893733A (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-09-09 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 Nutritional type tobacco field soil acidification modifier formula and use method thereof
CN109429603A (en) * 2018-10-24 2019-03-08 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 A method of vega soil is improved as green manure using polygonum flaccidum
CN109197011A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-15 重庆市万植巨丰生态肥业有限公司 The pleiotropism of acid soil improves modification method
CN111328491A (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-06-26 湖南农业大学 Method for improving tobacco planting soil acidity and fertilizing by reconstructing plough layer
AU2020102198A4 (en) * 2020-09-10 2020-10-22 Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences A cultivation method for promoting the development of the root system in the early-growth stage of the flue-cured tobacco

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