CN113728870B - Cultivation method suitable for autumn and spring maturity of lemons - Google Patents
Cultivation method suitable for autumn and spring maturity of lemons Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method suitable for autumn flower spring maturity of lemons, which comprises the following steps of fruit picking and trimming: harvesting all autumn flowers and fruits on the trees in 3-4 months, and selecting aged branches in different directions to appropriately shorten and promote branching; removing strong nutritional shoots in 5-7 months, retaining weak shoots, thinning fruits: thinning the spring flowers and fruits on the weak branches and the branches with larger fruit amount in 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the retained spring flowers and fruits on each branch is not more than 3, and performing tip wiping on newly-extracted fig branch tips in 6-8 months until flower buds appear on the branch tips, stopping tip wiping, and fertilizing: excavating a fertilizing ditch in the middle ten days of 10 months, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, and applying the compound fertilizer from the flowering phase to the second physiological fruit drop; in 5-7 months, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is additionally applied, the slow-release compound fertilizer is additionally applied twice in the fruit swelling period, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, in particular to a cultivation method suitable for autumn and spring maturity of lemons.
Background
Fruit trees of Citrus (Citrus) of Rutaceae (Rutaceae) of the genus lemon (c.limon (l.) burm.f.) are recognized as healthy fruits worldwide due to the fact that the fruit trees are rich in fruit acid, vitamin C, limonin, flavonoids, volatile oil, hesperidin and the like, and the planting area of China currently exceeds 250 ten thousand acres. The lemon has the characteristic of flowering in four seasons, and 3 batches of concentrated flowers and fruits (1-2 batches of flowers and fruits in one year in a common production place) are respectively the spring flowers of 2-3 months (8-9 months for picking fruits), the summer flowers of 5-6 months (11-12 months for picking fruits) and the autumn flowers of 8-9 months (3-4 months for ripening: spring ripe fruits for short) in tropical and subtropical regions. In the 3 batches of fruits, most of the lemons mainly account for about 75% of the summer ripe fruits of the spring flowers, about 15% of the summer ripe fruits of the spring flowers and about 10% of the autumn ripe fruits of the spring flowers. However, the market price of the autumn flower spring ripe fruit in the market period is about 1.5 times that of the spring flower fruit and more than 3 times that of the summer flower fruit in the fresh fruit season, and the autumn flower spring ripe fruit is a batch of fruit with extremely few lemon producing areas, so that the autumn flower spring ripe fruit has extremely high economic benefit. However, as the flowering period of the autumn flower spring ripe fruit is in summer, the spring flower and fruit on the lemon tree are saturated and are in the fruit swelling period, and the existing branch tips are difficult to flower; if excessive spring flowers and fruits are removed, the lemon trees grow vigorously due to high temperature and high humidity in summer, and the lemon branches and tips are difficult to flower, so that the ideal yield is not easy to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and title of the application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or other problems occurring in the prior art of growing lemons.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method suitable for autumn flower spring ripe lemon, which is used for adjusting the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in summer by adjusting reasonable fruit carrying amount, weakening branch tips, matching with water and fertilizer management and promoting the branch tips to be mature, promoting the lemon to bloom in summer and open in autumn intensively, improving the yield and achieving the aim of bringing autumn flower spring ripe fruits into the market intensively.
In order to solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a cultivation method suitable for autumn and spring maturity of lemons comprises the following steps:
s1, picking and trimming fruits: harvesting all autumn flowers and fruits on the trees in 3-4 months, and selecting immature branches in different directions to appropriately shorten and promote branching; removing strong nutritional shoots in 5-7 months and retaining weak shoots;
s2, thinning fruits and trimming tips: thinning the spring flowers and fruits on the weak branches and the branches with larger fruit amount in 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the retained spring flowers and fruits on each branch is not more than 3, and performing tip trimming on the newly-extracted branch tips of the figs in 6-8 months until flower buds appear on the branch tips and the tip trimming is stopped;
s3, fertilizing: excavating a fertilizing ditch in 10-month middle ten days, applying 600-800g of slow-release compound fertilizer and 20-40kg of organic fertilizer, and applying 100-150g of compound fertilizer per plant during the period from the flowering phase to the second physiological fruit drop; in 5-7 months, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is additionally applied, and 200-300 g/plant of slow-release compound fertilizer is additionally applied twice in the fruit swelling period, so that fruit bearing mother branches of mature fruits in autumn and spring are well cultured while normal growth of flowers and fruits in spring is ensured;
s4, promoting flowering: spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 600 times paclobutrazol on the leaf surfaces of lemon trees in 6-7 months, wherein spraying is performed once every 10 days and three times continuously to promote flower formation;
s5, flower and fruit retention: harvesting spring flowers and fruits in 8 months of the year, wherein autumn scissors after harvesting the spring flowers and fruits mainly adopt light scissors to retract decaying branch groups properly; controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer to avoid the branch tips from becoming strong;
s6, picking fruits: in the next 3-4 months, autumn flowers and fruits are harvested.
As a preferable scheme of the cultivation method suitable for autumn, spring and maturity of lemon, in the invention, in the step S3, the length of the fertilizing ditch is 100cm, the width is 40cm, and the depth is 40cm.
As a preferable scheme of the cultivation method suitable for autumn, flower and spring maturity of the lemon, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 1.
As a preferable scheme of the cultivation method suitable for autumn, flower and spring maturity of the lemon, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 1.
As a preferable scheme of the cultivation method suitable for autumn flower spring maturity of the lemon, the method further comprises the steps of carrying out conventional management on plant diseases and insect pests, tree forms and nutrition, and carrying out conventional management on water management in other periods according to the phenological period of the lemon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by thinning part of the spring flowers and fruits and pruning the tree form in spring and summer, enough branches and tips can be ensured to form flowers; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied to roots of the flowering phase for multiple times, the foliar fertilizer and paclobutrazol are sprayed on leaf surfaces, the branch tips are promoted to be aged, the content of soluble sugar and starch and the C/N ratio are improved, the ratios of ABA/IAA, ZR/IAA and ZR/GAs of the branch tips are improved, and the branch tips are promoted to flower; erasing the flowering summer shoots without flowers after 6-8 months, which is beneficial to the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch at the top ends of upper branch tips, is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, can effectively reduce the number of nutrient branches, and ensures that most branch tips can flower intensively in 9 months; after the scheme of the invention is used, part of the spring flowers and fruits are removed, so that the reserved spring flowers and fruits can be promoted to expand rapidly, the marketing period is early, and the sale price is increased.
2. The result batches in the lemon tree set are increased from the original batch to two batches, the total yield of the lemons is increased by 28.88-42.78%, the total income is increased by 40.46-57.21%, and the ratio of the total yield of the autumn fruits of the lemons reaches 34.64-41.30%. In addition, aiming at the orchard with vigorous growth vigor, the method can also effectively control the massive spindling of the vegetative shoots, reduce the pruning quantity in autumn and reduce the waste of tree nutrition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of the cultivation method suitable for autumn flower spring maturity of lemon.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein for convenience of illustration, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not enlarged partially according to the general scale, and the drawings are only examples, which should not limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a cultivation method suitable for autumn flower spring ripening of lemons, which adjusts the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in summer by adjusting reasonable fruit carrying amount, weakening branch tips, matching water and fertilizer management and promoting the branch tips to be ripe, promotes the lemons to flower in summer and open intensively in autumn, improves the yield and achieves the aim of bringing autumn flower spring ripening fruits into the market intensively.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the cultivation method suitable for autumn flower spring maturity of lemon comprises the following steps:
s1, picking and pruning: harvesting all autumn flowers and fruits on the trees in 3-4 months, and selecting branch tips of unopened flowers in different directions to appropriately shorten and promote branching; removing strong nutritional shoots in 5-7 months and retaining weak shoots;
s2, thinning fruits and trimming tips: thinning the spring flowers and fruits on the weak branches and the branches with larger fruit amount in 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the retained spring flowers and fruits of each branch is not more than 3, and performing tip trimming on the newly-extracted branches and tips of the figs in 6-8 months until the branches and tips have flower buds and stop performing tip trimming;
s3, fertilizing: excavating a fertilizing ditch in 10-month middle ten days, applying 600g of slow-release compound fertilizer and 20kg of organic fertilizer, and applying 100g of compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to P2O5 to K2O = 1; in 5-7 months, controlling the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer additionally, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer twice in the fruit swelling period, wherein the mass ratio of 200 g/plant is N: P2O5: K2O = 1;
s4, promoting flowering: spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 600 times paclobutrazol on the leaf surfaces of lemon trees in 6-7 months, wherein spraying is performed once every 10 days and three times continuously to promote flower formation;
s5, flower and fruit retention: harvesting spring flowers and fruits in 8 months in the current year, wherein autumn scissors after harvesting the spring flowers and fruits mainly adopt light scissors and properly retract degenerated branch groups; controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer to avoid the branch tips from becoming strong;
s6, picking fruits: in the next 3-4 months, autumn flowers and fruits are harvested.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the cultivation method suitable for autumn flower and spring maturity of the lemon comprises the following steps:
s1, picking and pruning: harvesting all autumn flowers and fruits on the trees in 3-4 months, and selecting immature branches in different directions to appropriately shorten and promote branching; removing strong nutritional shoots in 5-7 months and retaining weak shoots;
s2, thinning fruits and trimming tips: thinning the spring flowers and fruits on the weak branches and the branches with larger fruit amount in 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the retained spring flowers and fruits on each branch is not more than 3, and performing tip trimming on the newly-extracted branch tips of the figs in 6-8 months until flower buds appear on the branch tips and the tip trimming is stopped;
s3, fertilizing: excavating a fertilizing ditch with the length of 100cm, the width of 40cm and the depth of 40cm in the middle 10 months, applying 700g of slow-release compound fertilizer and 30kg of organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of N: P2O5: K2O = 1; in 5-7 months, controlling the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer additionally, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer twice in the fruit expansion period, wherein the mass ratio of 250 g/plant is N: P2O5: K2O = 1;
s4, promoting flowering: spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 600 times paclobutrazol on the leaf surfaces of lemon trees in 6-7 months, wherein spraying is performed once every 10 days and three times continuously to promote flower formation;
s5, flower and fruit retention: harvesting spring flowers and fruits in 8 months in the current year, wherein autumn scissors after harvesting the spring flowers and fruits mainly adopt light scissors and properly retract degenerated branch groups; controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer to avoid the branch tips from becoming strong;
s6, picking fruits: in the next 3-4 months, autumn flowers and fruits are harvested.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the cultivation method suitable for autumn flower and spring maturity of the lemon comprises the following steps:
s1, picking and pruning: harvesting all autumn flowers and fruits on the trees in 3-4 months, and selecting immature branches in different directions to appropriately shorten and promote branching; removing strong nutritional shoots in 5-7 months and retaining weak shoots;
s2, thinning fruits and trimming tips: thinning the spring flowers and fruits on the weak branches and the branches with larger fruit amount in 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the retained spring flowers and fruits on each branch is not more than 3, and performing tip trimming on the newly-extracted branch tips of the figs in 6-8 months until flower buds appear on the branch tips and the tip trimming is stopped;
s3, fertilizing: excavating a fertilizing ditch with the length of 100cm, the width of 40cm and the depth of 40cm in the middle 10 months, applying 800g of slow-release compound fertilizer and 40kg of organic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 1; in 5-7 months, controlling the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer additionally, applying a slow-release compound fertilizer twice at the fruit swelling period, wherein the mass ratio of 300g to plant is N: P2O5: K2O = 1;
s4, promoting flowering: spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 600 times paclobutrazol on the leaf surfaces of lemon trees in 6-7 months, spraying once every 10 days and continuously spraying for three times to promote flower formation;
s5, flower and fruit retention: harvesting spring flowers and fruits in 8 months of the year, wherein the autumn scissors after the spring flowers and fruits are picked mainly adopt light scissors and retract declined branch groups properly; controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer to avoid the branch tips from becoming strong;
s6, fruit picking: harvesting autumn flowers and fruits in 3-4 months in the next year;
and S7, performing conventional management on plant diseases and insect pests, tree forms and nutrition, and performing conventional management on water in other periods according to the phenological period of the lemons.
In order to verify the effect of the invention through scientific demonstration, the experiment group in the embodiment 2 is used, the conventional planting mode of the lemon is used as a control group for carrying out the experiment, the lemon autumn flower regulation and control experiment is continuously carried out in Reli city, delong, yunnan province for 3 years, and the test material is the cloud lemon No. 1 lemon planted in 2017 in 3 months. The test time is 5 months to 2021 months in 2019 years, the yield and income of autumn flowers and fruits and spring flowers and fruits are counted every year, and the test results are shown in Table 1
Table 1 shows the yield and economic benefit analysis of the autumn flower regulation test of lemon
According to experimental results, after the autumn flower regulation and control scheme disclosed by the invention is used, the yield and the economic benefit of the spring flowers and fruits of the lemons are not obviously changed, but the yield and the economic benefit of the autumn flowers and fruits are obviously increased. The yield of autumn flowers and fruits in 2019, 2020 and 2021 is 3.08 times, 2.81 times and 1.88 times of the yield of the control respectively; the total yield in 2019, 2020 and 2021 is respectively increased by 28.88%, 41.39% and 42.78% compared with the control, the income per mu is increased by 40.46%, 57.21% and 56.92%, and the income per mu reaches 39405 yuan, 33964 yuan and 24257 yuan.
The technical scheme of the invention obviously improves the ratio of the total yield of the autumn flowers and fruits, the yield of the control treated lemon autumn flowers and fruits is 342-537kg and 10.93-19.24% of the total yield, and the yield of the autumn flowers and fruits treated by the autumn flowers regulation and control treatment is 1396-1813kg and 34.64-41.30% of the total yield.
In conclusion, the invention can ensure enough branches and tips to flower by removing part of the spring flowers and fruits and pruning the tree form in spring and summer; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied to roots of the flowering phase for multiple times, the foliar fertilizer and paclobutrazol are sprayed on leaf surfaces, the branch tips are promoted to be aged, the content of soluble sugar and starch and the C/N ratio are improved, the ratios of ABA/IAA, ZR/IAA and ZR/GAs of the branch tips are improved, and the branch tips are promoted to flower; erasing the flowering summer shoots without flowers which are extracted in 6-8 months, which is beneficial to the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch at the top ends of superior branch shoots, is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, can effectively reduce the number of nutrient branches, and ensures that most branch shoots can flower intensively in 9 months; after the scheme of the invention is used, part of the spring flowers and fruits are removed, so that the reserved spring flowers and fruits can be promoted to expand rapidly, the marketing period is earlier, and the selling price is improved. And the result batches in the lemon tree set are increased from the original batch to two batches, the total yield of the lemons is increased by 28.88-42.78%, the total income is increased by 40.46-57.21%, and the ratio of the total yield of the autumn fruits of the lemons is 34.64-41.30%. In addition, aiming at the orchard with vigorous growth vigor, the method can also effectively control the massive spindling of the vegetative shoots, reduce the pruning quantity in autumn and reduce the waste of tree nutrition.
While the invention has been described with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the disclosed embodiments of the invention may be used in any combination, provided that no structural conflict exists, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A cultivation method suitable for autumn flower and spring maturity of lemons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, picking and pruning: harvesting all autumn flowers and fruits on the trees in 3-4 months, and selecting aged branches in different directions to appropriately shorten and promote branching; removing strong nutritional shoots in 5-7 months and retaining weak shoots;
s2, thinning fruits and trimming tips: thinning the spring flowers and fruits on the weak branches and the branches with larger fruit amount in 5-6 months per year, wherein the number of the retained spring flowers and fruits on each branch is not more than 3, and performing tip trimming on the newly-extracted branch tips of the figs in 6-8 months until flower buds appear on the branch tips and the tip trimming is stopped;
s3, fertilizing: excavating a fertilizing ditch in 10-month middle ten days, wherein the length of the fertilizing ditch is 100cm, the width of the fertilizing ditch is 40cm, the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 40cm, 600-800g of compound fertilizer and 20-40kg of organic fertilizer are applied, and 100-150g of compound fertilizer per plant is applied from the flowering phase to the second physiological fruit drop period; in 5-7 months, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, the application amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is increased, and the fruit swelling period isApplying 200-300 g/plant of slow-release compound fertilizer twice, ensuring normal growth of spring flowers and fruits, and simultaneously well culturing fruiting mother branches of autumn and spring ripe fruits, wherein the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer is N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=1:1:1；
S4, promoting flowering: spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate and 600 times paclobutrazol on the leaf surfaces of lemon trees in 6-7 months, spraying once every 10 days and continuously spraying for three times to promote flower formation;
s5, flower and fruit retention: harvesting spring flowers and fruits in 8 months in the current year, wherein autumn scissors after harvesting the spring flowers and fruits mainly adopt light scissors and properly retract degenerated branch groups; controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer to prevent the branch tips from becoming strong;
s6, picking fruits: in the next 3-4 months, autumn flowers and fruits are harvested.
2. The cultivation method suitable for autumn flower and spring maturity of lemons according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises the conventional management of plant diseases and insect pests, tree forms and nutrition, and the conventional management of water management in other periods is carried out according to the phenological period of the lemons.
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