CN113711862B - High-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method - Google Patents

High-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method Download PDF

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CN113711862B
CN113711862B CN202110516694.4A CN202110516694A CN113711862B CN 113711862 B CN113711862 B CN 113711862B CN 202110516694 A CN202110516694 A CN 202110516694A CN 113711862 B CN113711862 B CN 113711862B
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parts
planting
soil
layer
sand
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CN113711862A (en
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梁名双
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Yunnan Yunlan Blueberry Technology Development Co ltd
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Yunnan Yunlan Blueberry Technology Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a substrate layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sand soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence. S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once. And S3, applying the first top dressing once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second top dressing once in the last 3 months every year from the next year of planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation is performed at an interval of 3-5 days. And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 75-80cm. The height of the base layer is 18-20cm, the height of the sand soil layer is 30-32cm, and the rest is a base fertilizer layer. According to the method, the content of the planting holes which are independently developed is matched with a unique top dressing and irrigation method, the maturation period time can be shortened on the basis of not shortening the hibernation period of the blueberries, so that the large-scale fruit bearing time of the southern highbush can be advanced from the first ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days, the time of marketing is remarkably advanced, and the quality of the blueberries is better.

Description

High-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method.
Background
Blueberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) also called as "bilberry" or "huckleberry" is an important economic plant of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Ericaceae, and has the effects of improving vision, resisting aging, resisting tumors, treating cardiovascular and urinary system diseases and the like due to the specific antioxidant active substances such as anthocyanin and the like in fruits. With the improvement of the living standard of the masses and the enhancement of health care consciousness, the demands of the domestic and foreign markets of the fresh blueberry fruits and the processed products thereof are increased, and the development prospect of the blueberry industry is very attractive.
The southern highbush blueberries are the blueberry varieties developed in the United states, and the emergence of the southern highbush blueberries enables the variety of the highbush blueberries to expand the cultivation range to the southern warm area. Therefore, many southern areas in China have planted southern highbush blueberries. The harvesting time of the existing southern highbush blueberries is about 5 ten days in the middle of the month generally, and is about half a month earlier than that of the traditional blueberries, so that the method has a good market prospect. However, with the large-scale planting of the southern highbush blueberries, the economic benefit of the southern highbush blueberries on the market in advance is gradually reduced, so that the high-quality blueberries which are listed earlier become one of the improvement directions of the southern highbush blueberries.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sandy soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence.
S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once.
And S3, applying the first additional fertilizer once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second additional fertilizer once in the last 3 months every year after the field planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation is performed at intervals of 3-5 days.
And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 75-80cm. The height of the base layer is 18-20cm, the height of the sand soil layer is 30-32cm, and the rest is the base fertilizer layer.
Further, the base layer comprises, in parts by mass: 100 parts of lime-sand brick, 3-5 parts of porous ceramic and 200-220 parts of planting hole treatment soil. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 3-5cm, and the particle size of the porous ceramic is 8-12mm. The planting hole treatment soil is as follows: placing soil generated during digging of planting holes into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 400-500 ℃ for 40-45min in an air environment, then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 800-850 ℃ for 15-20min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the planting hole treatment soil.
Further, the preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: firstly, placing soil generated when planting holes are dug into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 400-500 ℃ for 40-45min in an air environment, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 800-850 ℃ for 15-20min in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain treated soil. And then, fully mixing 100 parts of treated soil, 20-22 parts of fine sand and 1-3 parts of porous ceramic by mass to obtain the sandy soil. The particle size of the porous ceramic is 3-5mm.
Further, the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil produced when planting holes are dug, 20-25 parts of straws, 200-210 parts of biogas slurry, 30-35 parts of sand-lime bricks and 125-135 parts of other additives.
Further, the preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps:
and (I) fully mixing the straws and the biogas slurry, and putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 40-45 days to obtain a fermented biogas slurry mixture.
And (II) taking 120-130 parts of fermented biogas slurry mixture and 120-125 parts of acrylamide aqueous solution, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
And (III) adding 5-10 parts of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, heating to 40-45 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-15min to obtain a primary hydrogel body.
And (IV) cutting the primary hydrogel into blocks, putting the blocks into a hot air drying box at the temperature of 55-60 ℃, and drying for 10-12 hours to obtain a dried hydrogel body.
And (V) taking the residual biogas slurry mixture, the hydrogel dry body, the soil and the sand lime brick, and fully mixing with 20-25 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the bottom fertilizer layer.
Further, the concentration of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 35-40g/100ml. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 1-2cm. The primary hydrogel body is dried after cutting into 3-5cm3 pieces. The concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1-3mol/L.
Further, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3-5 parts of iron phosphate, 10-12 parts of potassium carbonate, 1-3 parts of zinc carbonate and 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate.
Further, the second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5 part of trace elements.
Further, the irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating 3 times with clear water from the first time, and irrigating 1 time with acid water solution. The aqueous acid solution includes: the vinegar and the saturated carbonic acid water solution are mixed according to the proportion so that the pH value of the acid water solution is 3.4-3.5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the content of the planting holes which are independently developed is matched with a unique top dressing and irrigation method, the maturation period time can be shortened on the basis of not shortening the hibernation period of the blueberries, so that the large-scale fruit bearing time of the southern highbush can be advanced from the first ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days, the time of marketing is remarkably advanced, and the quality of the blueberries is better.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is further described below by way of examples:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sandy soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence.
S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once.
And S3, applying the first additional fertilizer once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second additional fertilizer once in the last 3 months every year after the field planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation operation is carried out at intervals of 4 days.
And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 78cm. The height of the substrate layer is 19cm, the height of the sand soil layer is 31cm, and the rest is the bottom fertilizer layer.
The base layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sand lime brick, 4 parts of porous ceramic and 210 parts of planting hole treatment soil. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 4cm, and the particle size of the porous ceramic is 10mm. The planting hole treatment soil is as follows: and (3) placing the soil generated when the planting hole is dug into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 450 ℃ for 42min in an air environment, then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 830 ℃ for 18min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the planting hole treatment soil.
The preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: firstly, placing soil generated during digging of planting holes into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 430 ℃ for 42min in an air environment, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 830 ℃ for 18min in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain treated soil. And then, fully mixing 100 parts of treated soil, 21 parts of fine sand and 2 parts of porous ceramic in parts by mass to obtain the sandy soil. The particle size of the porous ceramic is 4mm.
The base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil, 23 parts of straws, 205 parts of biogas slurry, 32 parts of lime-sand bricks and 130 parts of other additives generated when planting holes are dug.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps:
and (I) fully mixing the straws and the biogas slurry, and putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 43 days to obtain a fermented biogas slurry mixture.
And (II) taking 125 parts of fermented biogas slurry mixture and 123 parts of acrylamide aqueous solution, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
And (III) adding 7 parts of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, heating to 43 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12min to obtain a primary hydrogel body.
And (IV) cutting the primary hydrogel body into blocks, putting the blocks into a hot air drying box at the temperature of 58 ℃, and drying for 11 hours to obtain a dried hydrogel body.
And (V) taking the residual biogas slurry mixture, the hydrogel dry body, the soil and the sand lime brick, and fully mixing with 23 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the bottom fertilizer layer.
The concentration of the aqueous acrylamide solution was 38g/100ml. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 2cm. The primary hydrogel body is cut to 4cm 3 The cake of (2) is then dried. The concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 2mol/L.
Example two:
a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sandy soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence.
S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once.
And S3, applying the first top dressing once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second top dressing once in the last 3 months every year after the field planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation operation is carried out once every 5 days.
And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 80cm. The height of the substrate layer is 20cm, the height of the sand layer is 32cm, and the rest is the bottom fertilizer layer.
The base layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sand lime brick, 5 parts of porous ceramic and 220 parts of planting hole treatment soil. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 5cm, and the particle size of the porous ceramic is 12mm. The planting hole treatment soil is as follows: and (3) placing the soil generated in the process of digging the planting holes into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 500 ℃ for 45min in an air environment, then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 850 ℃ for 20min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the planting hole treatment soil.
The preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: firstly, placing soil generated when planting holes are dug into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment for 45min at 500 ℃ in an air environment, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment for 20min at 850 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain treated soil. And then, fully mixing 100 parts of treated soil, 22 parts of fine sand and 1-3 parts of porous ceramic by mass to obtain the sandy soil. The particle size of the porous ceramic is 5mm.
The base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil, 25 parts of straws, 210 parts of biogas slurry, 35 parts of lime-sand bricks and 135 parts of other additives generated when planting holes are dug.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps:
and (I) fully mixing the straws and the biogas slurry, and putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 45 days to obtain a fermented biogas slurry mixture.
And (II) taking 130 parts of fermented biogas slurry mixture and 125 parts of acrylamide aqueous solution, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
And (III) adding 10 parts of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, heating to 45 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 15min to obtain a primary hydrogel body.
And (IV) cutting the primary hydrogel into blocks, putting the blocks into a hot air drying oven at 60 ℃, and drying for 12 hours to obtain a dried hydrogel body.
And (V) taking the residual biogas slurry mixture, the hydrogel dried body, the soil and the lime-sand brick, and fully mixing with 25 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the base fertilizer layer.
The concentration of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 40g/100ml. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 2cm. The primary hydrogel body is cut to 5cm 3 The cake was then dried. The concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 3mol/L.
Example three:
a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sandy soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence.
S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once.
And S3, applying the first additional fertilizer once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second additional fertilizer once in the last 3 months every year after the field planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation is performed at intervals of 3 days.
And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 75cm. The height of the substrate layer is 18cm, the height of the sand soil layer is 30cm, and the rest is the bottom fertilizer layer.
The base layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sand lime brick, 3 parts of porous ceramic and 200 parts of planting hole treatment soil. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 3cm, and the particle size of the porous ceramic is 8mm. The planting hole treatment soil comprises: and (3) placing the soil generated when the planting hole is dug into a baking device, firstly, carrying out high-temperature treatment at 400 ℃ for 40min under the air environment, then, carrying out high-temperature treatment at 800 ℃ for 15min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the planting hole treatment soil.
The preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: firstly, placing soil generated when planting holes are dug into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 400 ℃ for 40min in an air environment, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 800 ℃ for 15min in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain treated soil. And then, fully mixing 100 parts of treated soil, 20 parts of fine sand and 1 part of porous ceramic by mass part to obtain the sandy soil. The particle size of the porous ceramic is 3mm.
The base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil, 20 parts of straws, 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30 parts of lime-sand bricks and 125 parts of other additives generated when planting holes are dug.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps:
and (I) fully mixing the straws and the biogas slurry, and putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 40 days to obtain a fermented biogas slurry mixture.
And (II) taking 120 parts of fermented biogas slurry mixture and 120 parts of acrylamide aqueous solution, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
And (III) adding 5 parts of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, heating to 40 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10min to obtain a primary hydrogel body.
And (IV) cutting the primary hydrogel body into blocks, putting the blocks into a hot air drying box at 55 ℃, and drying for 10 hours to obtain a dried hydrogel body.
And (V) taking the residual biogas slurry mixture, the hydrogel dried body, the soil and the lime-sand brick, and fully mixing with 20 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the base fertilizer layer.
The concentration of the aqueous acrylamide solution is 35g/100ml. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 1cm. The primary hydrogel body is cut to 3cm 3 The cake was then dried. The concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1mol/L.
In the existing blueberry planting process, in order to enable blueberries to appear on the market in advance, a commonly adopted method is to break sleep in advance and reduce the hibernation time of the blueberries. Although the method can realize the early fruit bearing of the blueberries, the method comprises the following steps: 1. the operation difficulty is high, and the plants need to be planted in a greenhouse capable of controlling the planting environment or in an area with proper conditions. 2. Due to the fact that the hibernation time of the blueberries is short, the quality of the obtained blueberry fruits is relatively poor, and the result is as follows: the taste of the fruit is relatively light, and the content of nutrient substances is reduced to a certain extent. In addition, the conventional blueberries usually bloom and bear fruits in the 2 nd year after field planting, but the yield is low, the yield is proper in the 3 rd year, and the yield is high in the 5 th year.
The large-scale fruit bearing time of the southern highbush blueberries is generally 5 ten days in the middle of the month, and belongs to relatively early-maturing varieties. By adopting the planting method, the blueberries can grow and develop quickly after dormancy breaking through the treatment of the planting holes and the fertilizer, so that the blueberries can grow and develop in advance for 7-10 days on the basis of not changing the dormancy breaking time, and large-scale fruit bearing can be realized in the last ten days of 5 months. In addition, the blueberry flowers and fruits in the 2 nd year after field planting are enabled to be bloomed and fruited through improvement of the planting holes and the fertilizer, the yield is certain, the blueberry can enter a high-yield period in the 4 th year, and the improvement is obvious compared with the prior art.
Example four:
a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sandy soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence.
S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once.
And S3, applying the first additional fertilizer once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second additional fertilizer once in the last 3 months every year after the field planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation operation is carried out at intervals of 4 days.
And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 78cm. The height of the substrate layer is 19cm, the height of the sand layer is 31cm, and the rest is the bottom fertilizer layer.
The base layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of sand lime brick, 4 parts of porous ceramic and 210 parts of planting hole treatment soil. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 4cm, and the particle size of the porous ceramic is 10mm. The planting hole treatment soil comprises: and (3) placing the soil generated when the planting hole is dug into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 450 ℃ for 42min in an air environment, then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 830 ℃ for 18min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the planting hole treatment soil.
The preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: firstly, placing soil generated during digging of planting holes into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 430 ℃ for 42min in an air environment, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 830 ℃ for 18min in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain treated soil. And then, fully mixing 100 parts of treated soil, 21 parts of fine sand and 2 parts of porous ceramic in parts by mass to obtain the sandy soil. The particle size of the porous ceramic is 4mm.
The base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil, 23 parts of straws, 205 parts of biogas slurry, 32 parts of lime-sand bricks and 130 parts of other additives generated during digging of planting holes.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps: mixing the above components, and fermenting in a fermenter for 43 days.
This example is a comparative example to example 1, where the base fertilizer is not treated and is obtained by direct mixing and fermentation. The result is that the phenomena of plant root atrophy and plant death caused by over-sufficient base fertilizer appear on a large scale 5-7 days after the blueberry is planted.
Example five:
a high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sandy soil layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence.
S2, planting the high-clump blueberries in the planting holes, and watering thoroughly once.
And S3, applying the first top dressing once in the middle of 1 month and applying the second top dressing once in the last 3 months every year after the field planting. Meanwhile, the first top dressing is applied every year, and irrigation operation is carried out at intervals of 4 days.
And S1, the depth of the planting hole is 78cm. The height of the substrate layer is 19cm, the height of the sand soil layer is 31cm, and the rest is the bottom fertilizer layer.
The base layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: and planting holes to treat soil. The planting hole treatment soil comprises: and (5) digging soil generated when the planting hole is dug.
The preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing 100 parts of planting hole treatment soil and 21 parts of fine sand by mass to obtain the sandy soil.
The base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil, 23 parts of straws, 205 parts of biogas slurry, 32 parts of lime-sand bricks and 130 parts of other additives generated during digging of planting holes.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps:
and (I) fully mixing the straws and the biogas slurry, and putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 43 days to obtain a fermented biogas slurry mixture.
And (II) taking 125 parts of the fermented biogas slurry mixture, fully stirring and uniformly mixing with 123 parts of acrylamide aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution.
And (III) adding 7 parts of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, heating to 43 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 12min to obtain a primary hydrogel body.
And (IV) cutting the primary hydrogel body into blocks, putting the blocks into a hot air drying box at the temperature of 58 ℃, and drying for 11 hours to obtain a dried hydrogel body.
And (V) taking the residual biogas slurry mixture, the hydrogel dry body, the soil and the sand lime brick, and fully mixing with 23 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the bottom fertilizer layer.
The concentration of the aqueous acrylamide solution was 38g/100ml. The particle size of the sand-lime brick is 2cm. The primary hydrogel body is cut to 4cm 3 The cake of (2) is then dried. The concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 2mol/L.
This example is a comparative example to example 1, where the planting soil was not treated and no sand lime bricks and porous ceramics were added. The result is that the growth condition of the blueberries is not ideal, compared with the fruit bearing amount of example 1 in 2 year is reduced by about 20%, the fruit bearing amount in the third year is reduced by 24%, the fruit bearing amount in the fourth year is reduced by 18%, the fruit bearing amount in the fifth year is reduced by 11%, the fruit bearing amount in the sixth year is reduced by 5%, and the fruit bearing amount in the seventh year is basically equal to that in example 1.
Example 6:
based on the planting method of the high-clump early-maturing blueberries in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of iron phosphate, 11 parts of potassium carbonate, 2 parts of zinc carbonate and 22 parts of ammonium sulfate.
The second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.4 part of trace elements.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating 3 times with clear water from the first time, and irrigating 1 time with acid water solution. The aqueous acid solution includes: vinegar and saturated carbonic acid water solution, and the mixture ratio of the vinegar and the saturated carbonic acid water solution is adjusted to ensure that the pH value of the acid water solution is 3.5.
Example 7:
based on the planting method of the high-clump early-maturing blueberries in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of iron phosphate, 12 parts of potassium carbonate, 3 parts of zinc carbonate and 25 parts of ammonium sulfate.
The second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 part of trace element.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating 3 times with clear water from the first time, and irrigating 1 time with acid water solution. The aqueous acid solution includes: vinegar and saturated carbonic acid water solution, and the mixture ratio of the vinegar and the saturated carbonic acid water solution is adjusted to ensure that the pH value of the acid water solution is 3.5.
Example 8:
based on the planting method of the high-clump early-maturing blueberries in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of iron phosphate, 10 parts of potassium carbonate, 1 part of zinc carbonate and 20 parts of ammonium sulfate.
The second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.3 part of trace elements.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating 3 times with clear water from the first time, and irrigating 1 time with acid water solution. The aqueous acid solution includes: vinegar and saturated carbonic acid water solution, and the proportion of the vinegar and the saturated carbonic acid water solution is adjusted to ensure that the pH value of the acid water solution is 3.4.
Example 9:
based on the planting method of the high-clump early-maturing blueberries in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of ferric sulfate, 11 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 22 parts of ammonium sulfate.
The second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.4 part of trace element.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating 3 times with clear water from the first time, and irrigating 1 time with acid water solution. The aqueous acid solution includes: vinegar and saturated carbonated aqueous solution, and the proportion of the vinegar and the saturated carbonated aqueous solution is adjusted to ensure that the pH value of the acid aqueous solution is 3.5.
Example 10:
based on the planting method of the high-clump early-maturing blueberries in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of iron phosphate, 11 parts of potassium carbonate, 2 parts of zinc carbonate and 22 parts of ammonium sulfate.
The second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.4 part of trace element.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating with clear water.
Example 11:
based on the planting method of the high-clump early-maturing blueberries in any one of the embodiments 1 to 3, the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of ferric sulfate, 11 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 22 parts of ammonium sulfate.
The second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.4 part of trace element.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: and (5) irrigating with clear water.
Example 11 is prior art, i.e. using sulphate as the first top application and irrigation with clear water, with the result that the fruiting time is unchanged on the basis of the invention described in examples 1-3. Examples 9 and 10 are comparative examples to example 6, wherein example 9 employs the irrigation method of the present invention but the topdressing employs sulfate, and example 10 employs the first topdressing of the present invention but irrigation with clear water. As a result, the fruiting time of example 9 was not substantially changed, and the fruiting time of example 10 was advanced by 2 days, and the effect was not significant. However, by combining the first top dressing and irrigation methods described in examples 6-8 of the present invention with the planting methods described in examples 1-3 of the present invention, the fruiting time can be 10-12 days earlier than that of example 11, and large-scale fruiting can be generally achieved in the middle of 4 months, which is a significant improvement.
It is to be noted and understood that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention described in detail above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed technical solution is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings given.

Claims (5)

1. A high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, excavating a planting hole, and paving a basal layer, a bottom fertilizer layer and a sand layer in the planting hole from bottom to top in sequence;
s2, planting the high-clump blueberries in planting holes, and watering thoroughly for one time;
s3, applying first topdressing once in the middle of 1 month and applying second topdressing once in the last 3 months every year after the last year of field planting; simultaneously applying the first top dressing every year and carrying out irrigation once every 3-5 days;
s1, the depth of the planting hole is 75-80cm; the height of the substrate layer is 18-20cm, the height of the sand layer is 30-32cm, and the rest is a base fertilizer layer;
the base fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of soil produced when planting holes are dug, 20-25 parts of straws, 200-210 parts of biogas slurry, 30-35 parts of lime-sand bricks and 125-135 parts of other additives;
the preparation method of the base fertilizer layer comprises the following steps:
fully mixing the straws and the biogas slurry, and putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation for 40-45 days to obtain a fermented biogas slurry mixture;
secondly, taking 120-130 parts of fermented biogas slurry mixture and 120-125 parts of acrylamide aqueous solution, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed solution;
thirdly, adding 5-10 parts of potassium persulfate into the mixed solution, heating to 40-45 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-15min to obtain a primary hydrogel body;
cutting the primary hydrogel body into blocks, putting the blocks into a hot air drying box at the temperature of 55-60 ℃, and drying for 10-12 hours to obtain a dried hydrogel body;
taking the residual biogas slurry mixture, the hydrogel dry body, the soil and the lime-sand brick, and fully mixing with 20-25 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain the bottom fertilizer layer;
the first additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3-5 parts of iron phosphate, 10-12 parts of potassium carbonate, 1-3 parts of zinc carbonate and 20-25 parts of ammonium sulfate;
the irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigating 3 times with clear water from the first time, and irrigating 1 time with acid water solution; the aqueous acid solution includes: vinegar and saturated carbonic acid water solution, and adjusting the proportion of the vinegar and the saturated carbonic acid water solution to ensure that the pH value of the acid water solution is 3.4-3.5.
2. The high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method of claim 1, wherein the base layer comprises, in parts by mass: 100 parts of sand lime brick, 3-5 parts of porous ceramic and 200-220 parts of planting hole treatment soil; the particle size of the sand-lime brick is 3-5cm, and the particle size of the porous ceramic is 8-12mm; the planting hole treatment soil comprises: and placing the soil generated when the planting hole is dug into a baking device, firstly, carrying out high-temperature treatment at 400-500 ℃ for 40-45min in an air environment, then, carrying out high-temperature treatment at 800-850 ℃ for 15-20min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the planting hole treatment soil.
3. The high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the sandy soil layer comprises the following steps: firstly, placing soil generated when planting holes are dug into a baking device, firstly carrying out high-temperature treatment at 400-500 ℃ for 40-45min in an air environment, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment at 800-850 ℃ for 15-20min in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain treated soil; then, fully mixing 100 parts of treated soil, 20-22 parts of fine sand and 1-3 parts of porous ceramic in parts by mass to obtain the sandy soil; the particle size of the porous ceramic is 3-5mm.
4. The high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the acrylamide aqueous solution is 35-40g/100ml; the particle size of the sand-lime brick is 1-2cm; the primary hydrogel body is cut to 3-5cm 3 Drying the block; the concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1-3mol/L.
5. The high-clump early-maturing blueberry planting method according to claim 1, wherein the second additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1:1: 100 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5 part of trace elements.
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