CN113698250B - Sweet potato disease and pest biological control fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sweet potato disease and pest biological control fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop pest control and fertilizer, and particularly discloses a sweet potato pest biological control fertilizer which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-25 parts of tea bran cakes, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of a bio-organic fertilizer, 1~3 parts of citric acid and 3~5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 30 to 40 parts of livestock manure, 15 to 20 parts of corn straw, 5 to 10 parts of alfalfa, 8978 parts of sweet clover, 8978 parts of zxft, and 0.15 to 4 parts of microbial fermentation inoculant. The biological control fertilizer for the diseases and the insect pests of the sweet potatoes can effectively control the diseases and the insect pests, provide sufficient and long-acting nutrient substances for the sweet potatoes, reduce fertilizer input and pesticide application, effectively promote the growth of the sweet potatoes, and improve the quality and the yield of the sweet potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop pest control and fertilizer, and particularly relates to a sweet potato pest biological control fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes and the like belong to annual or perennial sprawl herbaceous plants in the sweet potatoes of the family Convolvulaceae, and are the fourth major grain crops next to rice, wheat and corn in the world. At present, the planting area and the total yield of Chinese sweet potatoes are at the first position in the world, and are about 80 percent of the total yield of the world sweet potatoes. At present, potato farmers in China generally have the problems of unreasonable fertilization, misuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the like in the sweet potato planting process, in order to increase the yield of sweet potatoes, the high yield is maintained mainly by applying inorganic chemical fertilizers or compound fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, monopotassium phosphate and the like, potassium fertilizers can be quickly dissolved in soil after being applied, loss is easily caused along with irrigation of irrigation water and rainwater, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is reduced, and the soil can be polluted after long-term application. In the aspect of controlling sweet potato diseases and insect pests, in order to kill underground pests, pesticides, chemical insecticides and the like are mostly sprayed to kill underground pests, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides are abused for a long time, so that soil hardening is caused, pesticide residues of fresh sweet potatoes exceed standards, the taste is poor, the product quality is reduced, and the sweet potato diseases and insect pests are seriously damaged to the planting environment.
The tea bran, also called tea seed cake, is the residue cake left after oil extraction of camellia seeds, and is rich in oil, water, protamine and refined fiber, and contains 12-17% of tea saponin. The tea saponin effective component is saponin, is a mixture of oleanolic fever type five-ring three-shielding funoside with similar structure, has hydrophilic saccharide and hydrophobic aglucone in molecule, and is a botanical pesticide. The tea saponin can be naturally decomposed in soil, has a good control effect on underground pests in the separation process, is non-toxic, free of residues, harmless to human bodies and safe to use, and the tea bran water is widely applied as a soil pesticide. The tea seed cake is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements and has high nutritive value. The data after the experiment of scientific researchers shows that every 100kg of tea bran contains 1.11% of nitrogen, 0.37% of phosphorus pentoxide and 1.23% of potassium oxide, can better improve the soil fertility and simultaneously can improve the soil structure, and is a purely natural green pesticide and bio-organic fertilizer. But the tea bran has lower toxicity to pests, poorer quick-acting property and poorer using effect when being used alone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sweet potato disease and insect pest biological control fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a sweet potato disease and pest biological control fertilizer which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of tea bran cake, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of citric acid and 3-5 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 30 to 40 parts of livestock manure, 15 to 20 parts of corn straw, 5 to 10 parts of alfalfa, 4 to 8 parts of sweet clover and 0.15 to 0.4 part of microbial fermentation inoculum.
In the biological control fertilizer for diseases and pests of sweet potatoes, tea bran cakes, alfalfa and sweet clovers contain abundant mineral elements, cellulose, amino acids and other nutritional ingredients, can provide nutrients for growth of sweet potatoes, and improve soil fertility and a soil structure, more importantly, the tea bran cakes contain tea saponin which can kill and expel insects, and the alfalfa saponin of the alfalfa and the coumarin of the sweet clovers have the effects of further enhancing the insect killing and expelling effects of the tea saponin, so that the problem of poor pest control and use effects when the tea bran is used alone is effectively solved, pests such as cutworms, grubs, mole crickets, crickets and the like in soil and insect ova thereof can be effectively killed, and the biological control fertilizer has a good control effect; the sodium carboxymethylcellulose has a water retention effect and can promote the degradation of tea bran to generate a large amount of tea saponin; the citric acid can improve the effectiveness of the fertilizer and promote the absorption of plants.
Preferably, in the biological fertilizer for controlling diseases and pests of sweet potatoes, the microbial fermentation inoculum consists of the following strains in proportion: saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma viride = 5-8:2-5:1-3:2-5:3-6. The multiple microbial inoculums are combined with metabolism to generate multiple extracellular enzymes including protease, amylase, cellulase and the like, and also generate plant growth effective components such as organic acid, hormone and the like, so that macromolecular organic matters such as protein, cellulose and the like in sugarcane leaves and cow dung can be effectively decomposed, and the materials are further decomposed; various antibacterial substances are generated, heat is generated in the fermentation process, and pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ova and the like can be efficiently killed; the residual waxy bacillus, bacillus subtilis and the like in the decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to the field together with the organic fertilizer, and the effects of inhibiting bacteria, preventing insects, improving soil, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the like can be achieved.
Preferably, in the biological control fertilizer for diseases and insect pests of sweet potatoes, the preparation of the microbial fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively activating yeast, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma viride, and culturing until the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial liquid is 1-2 x 10 9 Per gram; and then uniformly mixing the five bacterial liquids according to the proportion to obtain the microbial fermentation inoculum.
The preparation method of the biological control fertilizer for diseases and insect pests of sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the tea bran cake after oil pressing of the camellia seeds into fine particles for later use;
(2) Crushing alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straws, uniformly mixing the crushed alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straws with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a mixed material, adding a microbial fermentation inoculant into the mixed material, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60-70%, and performing composting and decomposing fermentation;
(3) Carrying out first pile turning after composting for 5-7 days, continuing to ferment for 10-15 days after pile turning, and continuing to ferment for 10-15 days to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the tea bran fine particles obtained in the step (1), the biological organic fertilizer obtained in the step (3), monopotassium phosphate, sodium citrate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain the sweet potato biological control fertilizer for plant diseases and insect pests.
The sweet potato pest and disease biological control fertilizer is applied to sweet potato planting.
Preferably, in the above application, the application method comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply ploughing and preparing soil 7-10 days before planting, smashing and finely preparing soil blocks, smashing tea bran cakes, and turning the soil blocks into fields according to the proportion of 20-30 kilograms per mu;
(2) after the farmland is leveled and before ditching and ridging are carried out, the biological control fertilizer for the diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes is applied to the land as a base fertilizer, the application amount is 80-120 kg/mu, and then the soil is covered; after the farmland is leveled, before ditching and ridging, the base fertilizer is applied, and then soil is covered to ensure that the fertilizer buried in the soil can be absorbed when the fresh potatoes grow downwards to root;
(3) in the root tuber expansion period, furrowing is carried out on one side of a sweet potato ridge, and the biological control fertilizer for the diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes is applied in an additional mode, wherein the application amount is 40-50 kilograms per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the biological control fertilizer for the diseases and pests of the sweet potatoes is applied by compounding tea bran and the biological organic fertilizer with a proper amount of monopotassium phosphate, has the effect of controlling the diseases and pests, can provide nutrient components for the growth of the sweet potatoes, and promotes the growth of the sweet potatoes. The tea bran particles are degraded after contacting with water to generate a large amount of tea saponin, and the tea saponin and the alfalfa saponin generated by the decomposition of the alfalfa and the coumarin generated by the sweet clover act together to effectively kill the pests and ova in soil, such as cutworms, grubs, mole crickets, crickets and the like, reduce the rate of the pests and the potatoes and improve the quality of the sweet potatoes; meanwhile, the tea bran, the alfalfa and the sweet clover can also improve soil, fertilize soil, promote the growth of the sweet potatoes, exert the quick availability of inorganic nutrients and provide sufficient nutrient components for the growth of the sweet potatoes; meanwhile, the residual microorganisms such as bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis in the microbial organic fertilizer have the effects of bacteriostasis, insect prevention and the like, and the prevention and control effect on plant diseases and insect pests can be further enhanced.
2. The biological control fertilizer for the diseases and pests of the sweet potatoes, disclosed by the invention, takes the tea bran, the monopotassium phosphate and the biological organic fertilizer as main nutrient sources, provides sufficient and long-acting nutrient substances for the sweet potatoes through reasonable compounding, reduces the fertilizer investment, uniformly, appropriately and accurately controls and supplies nutrients required by the sweet potatoes, can effectively promote the growth of the sweet potatoes, improves the quality of the sweet potatoes and the yield of the sweet potatoes, and improves the yield by 8-11%.
3. The biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, solves the problem that soil is free from pollution of the chemical fertilizers and chemical agents, can effectively improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the disease and insect pest resistance in a fertilizer application mode, has the advantages of simple operation, high control efficiency, environmental friendliness, no pollution and difficulty in generating resistance, and is suitable for being widely popularized and applied in sweet potato planting areas.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of tea bran cake, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 28 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 2 parts of citric acid and 4 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 38 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15 parts of corn straw, 7 parts of alfalfa, 5 parts of sweet clover and 0.3 part of microbial fermentation inoculum. The microbial fermentation inoculum consists of the following strains in proportion: yeast and bacillus subtilisFungi, bacillus cereus, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride =6, 3 9 Per gram; and then uniformly mixing the five bacterial liquids according to the proportion to obtain the microbial fermentation agent.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the tea bran cake after oil pressing of the camellia seeds into fine particles for later use;
(2) Crushing alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straws, uniformly mixing the crushed alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straws with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a mixed material, adding a microbial fermentation inoculant into the mixed material, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60-70%, and performing composting and decomposing fermentation;
(3) Carrying out first pile turning after 7 days of composting treatment, continuing to ferment for 10 days after pile turning, carrying out second pile turning treatment, and then continuing to ferment for 15 days to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the tea bran fine particles obtained in the step (1), the biological organic fertilizer obtained in the step (3), monopotassium phosphate, sodium citrate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain the sweet potato biological control fertilizer for plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 2
A biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of tea bran cake, 12 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 2 parts of citric acid and 4.5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15 parts of corn straws, 9 parts of alfalfa, 6 parts of sweet clover and 0.35 part of microbial fermentation inoculum. The microbial fermentation inoculum consists of the following strains in proportion: yeast, bacillus subtilis, waxy bacillus, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride =7 9 Per gram; and then uniformly mixing the five bacterial liquids according to the proportion to obtain the microbial fermentation agent.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the biological fertilizer for controlling diseases and insect pests of sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the tea bran cake after oil pressing of the camellia seeds into fine particles for later use;
(2) Smashing alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straw, uniformly mixing the smashed alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straw with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a mixed material, then adding a microbial fermentation agent into the mixed material, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60-70%, and carrying out composting, decomposing and fermenting;
(3) Carrying out first pile turning after 5 days of composting treatment, continuing to ferment for 10 days after pile turning, and then continuing to ferment for 15 days to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the tea bran fine particles obtained in the step (1), the biological organic fertilizer obtained in the step (3), monopotassium phosphate, sodium citrate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain the sweet potato biological control fertilizer for plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 3
A biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of tea bran cake, 14 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 1.5 parts of citric acid and 3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 17 parts of corn straws, 6 parts of alfalfa, 5 parts of sweet clover and 0.2 part of microbial fermentation inoculum. The microbial fermentation inoculum consists of the following strains in proportion: yeast, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride =5, 3 9 Per gram; and then uniformly mixing the five bacterial liquids according to the proportion to obtain the microbial fermentation agent.
The preparation method of the biological fertilizer for controlling sweet potato diseases and insect pests of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
A biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of tea bran cake, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 28 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 2 parts of citric acid and 4 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 38 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 27 parts of corn straw and 0.3 part of microbial fermentation inoculum. The composition and preparation method of the microbial fermentation agent are the same as those in example 1.
The preparation method of the biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests in the comparative example is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
A biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of tea bran cake, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 28 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 2 parts of citric acid and 4 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 38 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of corn straw, 7 parts of alfalfa and 0.3 part of microbial fermentation inoculant. The composition and preparation method of the microbial fermentation agent are the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 3
A biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of tea bran cake, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 28 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, 2 parts of citric acid and 4 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 38 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 22 parts of corn straw, 5 parts of sweet clover and 0.3 part of microbial fermentation agent. The composition and preparation method of the microbial fermentation agent are the same as those of example 1.
The preparation method of the biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests in the comparative example is the same as that of the example 1.
Application example
Test subjects: guijing potato No. 8
Time and place of experiment: the year 2019 to 2020, guangxi Liuzhou city Qiu Ye Yongle test field of ecological agriculture comprehensive development Limited.
The test method comprises the following steps: setting 7 groups of examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-3 and a control group, adopting a random block design, wherein each group has 3 repetitions, and the area of each cell is 24m 2 (the ridge length is 6.0m multiplied by 5 ridges, the ridge width is 0.8 m), and the planting density is 24 plants per ridge. The fertilizing methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 include: deeply ploughing and preparing soil 7-10 days before planting, smashing and finely preparing soil blocks, crushing tea bran cakes, and turning the field according to 25 kilograms per mu; after the farmland is leveled and before ditching and ridging, the corresponding biological control fertilizer for diseases and insect pests of sweet potatoes is applied to the land as a base fertilizerThe application amount is 100 kg/mu, and then the soil is covered; in the root tuber expansion period, furrowing is carried out on one side of a sweet potato ridge, and corresponding biological control fertilizers for diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes are applied, wherein the application amount is 50 kilograms per mu. The fertilization method of the control group comprises the following steps: the general compound fertilizer is adopted as a base fertilizer, and the application amount is 50 kg/mu; and applying a general compound fertilizer as an additional fertilizer in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/mu. All the other planting management measures are the same for all the test groups.
After harvesting, the yield and the insect potato rate (the number of potato blocks bitten by insects is the percentage of the total number of potato blocks) of the purple sweet potatoes are investigated, and representative potato blocks are randomly selected by each experimental group to carry out content detection on starch, soluble sugar and anthocyanin.
And (3) test results: table 1 shows the quality, yield and sweet potato rate of each test group, and it can be seen from the table that the content of starch, soluble sugar and anthocyanin in the potato pieces of the example group is significantly higher than that of the control group and the comparative example group, compared with the control group, the yield of the example group is increased by 8-11%, and the sweet potato rate is reduced by more than 70%.
TABLE 1 sweet potato quality, yield and Pest-Potato Rate of each test group
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The application of the biological control fertilizer for diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes in sweet potato planting is characterized in that the biological control fertilizer for diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of tea bran cakes, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of a bio-organic fertilizer, 1~3 parts of citric acid and 3~5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 30 to 40 parts of livestock manure, 15 to 20 parts of corn straw, 5 to 10 parts of alfalfa, 8978 parts of sweet clover, 8978 parts of zxft, and 0.15 to 4 parts of microbial fermentation inoculant; the preparation method of the biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the tea bran cake after oil pressing of the camellia seeds into fine particles for later use;
(2) Smashing alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straw, uniformly mixing the smashed alfalfa, sweet clover and corn straw with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a mixed material, then adding a microbial fermentation inoculant into the mixed material, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60-70%, and carrying out composting, decomposing and fermenting;
(3) Carrying out first pile turning after 5~7 days of composting, continuing fermenting for 10 to 15 days after pile turning, carrying out second pile turning, and continuing fermenting for 10 to 15 days to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
(4) Uniformly mixing the tea bran fine particles obtained in the step (1), the biological organic fertilizer obtained in the step (3), monopotassium phosphate, citric acid and sodium carboxymethylcellulose to obtain a sweet potato pest and disease biological control fertilizer;
the application method comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply ploughing and preparing soil 7 to 10 days before planting, smashing soil blocks into fine pieces, crushing tea bran cakes, and turning the tea bran cakes into fields according to the proportion of 20 to 30 kilograms per mu;
(2) after the farmland is leveled, before ditching and ridging, the biological control fertilizer for the diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes is applied to the ground as a base fertilizer, the application amount is 80-120 kg/mu, and then the soil is covered;
(3) and (3) in the root tuber expansion period, ditching one side of a sweet potato ridge, and applying the biological control fertilizer for the diseases and insect pests of the sweet potatoes, wherein the application amount is 40-50 kg/mu.
2. The application of the biological control fertilizer for sweet potato diseases and insect pests in sweet potato planting according to claim 1, wherein the microbial fermentation agent is composed of the following strains in proportion: yeast, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride =5 to 8.
3. The application of the sweet potato pest and disease prevention and control fertilizer in sweet potato planting according to claim 2, wherein the preparation of the microbial fermentation agent comprises the following steps: respectively activating yeast, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma viride, and culturing until the number of viable bacteria in a bacterial liquid is 1 to 2 x 10 9 Per gram; and then uniformly mixing the five bacterial liquids according to the proportion to obtain the microbial fermentation inoculum.
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| CN106892731A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-27 | 吕良强 | A kind of strawberry chemical fertilizer specially |
| CN106866302A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-06-20 | 方志明 | Organic fertilizer and its production method with preventing and treating diseases and pests of agronomic crop |
| CN106831157A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-13 | 卢红 | A kind of special fertilizer for sweet potato and its preparation and application process |
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