CN113692904A

CN113692904A - Method for storing camellia oleifera seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by using sawdust

Info

Publication number: CN113692904A
Application number: CN202110897704.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖德胜; 陈华; 许俊波; 郑传奇
Original assignee: Guizhou Southwest Guizhou Karst Regional Development Research Institute Qianxinan Agricultural And Forestry Research Institute
Current assignee: Guizhou Southwest Guizhou Karst Regional Development Research Institute Qianxinan Agricultural And Forestry Research Institute
Priority date: 2021-08-05
Filing date: 2021-08-05
Publication date: 2021-11-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for storing camellia oleifera seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by using sawdust, which comprises the following steps: 1) soil preparation; 2) paving a first sawdust layer; 3) watering for the first time; 4) sowing; 5) sterilizing 6) spraying a rooting agent; 7) paving a second sawdust layer; 8) watering for the second time; 9) paving a third sawdust layer; 10) and (5) watering for the third time. The method combines the storage and seedling raising of the camellia seeds, and realizes seamless connection between the storage and the seedling raising.

Description

Method for storing camellia oleifera seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by using sawdust

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating oil-tea camellia, in particular to a method for storing oil-tea camellia seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by using sawdust.

Background

The camellia belongs to the camellia genus plant of the camellia family, is peculiar to China, is called four woody oil plant species in the world together with oil palm, olive and coconut, has a cultivation history of more than 2300 years in China, has wide applicable range, high economic value and strong ecological function, and is an excellent local tree species with excellent economic benefit and ecological benefit.

The camellia oleifera is traditionally bred by sowing and growing, and has the problems of large progeny differentiation, serious variety degeneration, uneven forest phase, uneven fruit maturation period, late fruit bearing time, late full bearing period and the like. However, in the 80 s of the 20 th century, the oil tea bud stock grafting technology developed by subtropical forestry research institute of the Chinese forest academy of sciences promoted the change of oil tea seedling raising modes, and the rapid seedling raising of good oil tea seeds became reality. At present, the oil tea bud stock grafting technology tends to be mature, and the oil tea bud stock grafting technology has the advantages of high survival rate, simplicity and convenience in operation, low cost, and the like, and is beneficial to industrial seedling raising and easy transplantation and afforestation, so that the oil tea bud stock grafting technology has attracted extensive attention in oil tea production areas in China and has performed a lot of research.

The bud stock grafting mainly comprises the steps of bud stock cultivation, grafted seedling cultivation, seedling management and the like. The cultivation of the bud seedling stock is a key influencing the grafting success rate as a prerequisite step, the cultivation of the bud seedling stock is generally carried out from January to February, but the collection time of the camellia seeds is 10 Yueyuensis, and a large amount of cost is consumed for storing the camellia seeds to pass winter. In addition, the traditional storage method of the camellia oleifera seeds in winter is a sand storage method, but the sand storage method is unstable in humidity, and the seedling burning phenomenon often occurs. Moreover, seeds stored in sand can not directly emerge, and need to be dug out again in the sowing and soil in the first year, which is discontinuous in time, has great interference to the seeds, and wastes time and labor. Some methods of adopting and sowing (sowing and in soil) at any time are adopted to store the camellia seeds in winter, although the storage and seedling emergence are continuous in time, the temperature and humidity in the soil, plant diseases and insect pests and the like are difficult to control, and the phenomena of low seed emergence rate, uneven seedling emergence and the like in the next year can occur. Therefore, a new method is needed to solve the problems of long storage period of the camellia seeds in winter and long culture period of the bud seedling stock.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for storing camellia oleifera seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by using sawdust so as to at least achieve the effects of solving the problem of storing camellia oleifera seeds in winter and solving the difficult connection of stored seedlings.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for storing camellia oleifera seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by sawdust is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) land preparation: turning and preparing the land to form a ridge surface with the gradient of 2-5 degrees;

2) paving a first sawdust layer: spreading sawdust on the ridge surface to form a first sawdust layer.

3) Watering for the first time: watering until the thickness of the first sawdust layer is reduced to 15-25 cm;

4) sowing: uniformly sowing oil tea seeds on the surface of the watered sawdust layer, and flattening the surface after sowing;

5) and (3) disinfection: spraying potassium permanganate solution and ganoderma lucidum on the surface of the sawdust layer in sequence;

6) spraying a rooting agent: uniformly spraying rooting powder or brassin on the surface of the sawdust layer;

7) paving a second sawdust layer: spreading sawdust above the first sawdust layer to form a second sawdust layer;

8) watering for the second time: after 6 to 7 days, watering thoroughly once;

9) paving a third sawdust layer: spreading sawdust again above the second sawdust layer to form a third sawdust layer;

10) watering for the third time: watering again until the thickness of the third sawdust layer is reduced to 10-12 cm.

It is worth noting that the sawdust is a preservation substrate and a seedling substrate, and the method combines seed storage and seedling culture to realize seamless connection of the storage and the seedling culture.

In addition, the temperature and the humidity of the sawdust are constant, compared with the traditional sand storage method, the seedling burning phenomenon cannot occur, and the activity of the seeds cannot be influenced by too low temperature in winter. And the sawdust is easy to obtain, is not easy to decay, has good water retention and moisture retention effects, and has great potential as a preservation substrate.

Furthermore, the sawdust is 20-40 meshes; the sawdust does not include sawdust of Pinaceae and Lauraceae plants.

Among them, the reason why sawdust of Pinaceae and Lauraceae plants cannot be selected is that such plants have volatile substances, and the sawdust stimulates seeds and has an influence on the emergence of sprouts.

Furthermore, the first sawdust layer is trapezoidal, the bottom of the first sawdust layer is 1.5-2.0m wide, the top of the first sawdust layer is 1.0-2.0m wide, and the thickness of the first sawdust layer is 20-35 cm; most preferably, the thickness is 30 cm.

Further, the thickness of the second sawdust layer is 2-5 cm.

Further, the thickness of the third sawdust layer is 10-20 cm; most preferably, the thickness is 15 cm.

Further, the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 15-25 g/L; the concentration of the prodigiosin is 0.5-1.5 g/L.

Further, in the step 4), 1000-1300 grains are sowed per square meter of the camellia seeds on average.

It is noted that in some preferred embodiments, the method is performed for 12 mid-month days, and the sprouts can be harvested the next 5 months. Not only solves the problem of storing seeds in winter, but also omits the time of sowing in the next year, and only needs to be watered regularly during the period, so as to obtain the bud seedling stock.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method has extensive management, easily obtained materials, time saving, labor saving and cost saving, and can effectively solve the problem of storing the camellia oleifera seeds in winter.

2. The temperature and the humidity of the oil tea seeds stored by the method are relatively constant, compared with the traditional sand storage, the seedling burning phenomenon cannot occur, and the activity of the seeds cannot be influenced due to the excessively low temperature in winter.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

Example 1

The method for storing seeds and cultivating bud seedling stock comprises the following specific steps:

1. picking mature oil tea fruits in the last ten days of 10 months and placing the fruits in a shade place. After two months, the fruit naturally cracks to expose the seeds inside, then the seeds are taken out, and then the seeds are screened and air-separated to remove the impurities such as mildew grains, empty grains, shells, stones and the like.

2. Turning and leveling the soil to form an inclined plane with the gradient of 3 degrees; then, a first layer of sawdust (the sawdust is broadleaf tree miscellaneous sawdust) is paved, wherein the first layer of sawdust is in a trapezoid shape and the thickness is 30 cm; watering until the sawdust absorbs water and then highly retracts to 20 cm; then uniformly sowing camellia oleifera seeds (about 1200 seeds) on the surfaces of the trapezoidal sawdust ridges, and slightly flattening the ridge surfaces with flat boards after sowing; then, sterilizing the mixture once by using potassium permanganate and then sterilizing the mixture for the second time by using carbendazim; then uniformly spraying the prepared brassin on the surface once; after spraying the rooting agent, uniformly spraying a layer of sawdust with the thickness of 3 cm; and (3) completely watering for 7 days, uniformly spreading a layer of sawdust on the second layer of sawdust with the thickness of 15cm, and watering again to ensure that the third layer of sawdust absorbs water and retracts to 10 cm.

3. Watering regularly, keeping the humidity at more than 60% during storage, and obtaining the bud stock at the beginning of 5 months in the next year.

Example 2

The method comprises the following steps of respectively using camphor tree sawdust, broad-leaf tree miscellaneous sawdust and cedar sawdust as substrates to preserve camellia oleifera seeds:

1. picking mature oil tea fruits in the last ten days of 10 months and placing the fruits in a shade place. After two months, the fruit naturally cracks to expose the internal seeds, the seeds are taken out, then screened and air-separated to remove the impurities such as mildew grains, empty grains, shells, stones and the like, and then divided into three groups.

2. Camphor tree sawdust, broad-leaved tree miscellaneous sawdust and cedar sawdust are used as seedling raising substrates for storing the three groups of seeds respectively, and the steps are performed according to the steps in the embodiment 1) for soil preparation in sequence; 2) paving a first sawdust layer; 3) watering for the first time; 4) sowing; 5) sterilizing 6) spraying a rooting agent; 7) paving a second sawdust layer; 8) watering for the second time; 9) paving a third sawdust layer; 10) and (5) watering for the third time.

3. Watering the three groups regularly, keeping the humidity to be more than 60% during storage, counting the growth conditions of the camellia seeds in the periods of 1 month, 3 months and 5 months respectively, and calculating the germination rate, emergence rate and growth potential (the growth potential is a weight value and is full of 100 points) of the three groups of camellia seeds, wherein the data are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the above table, the wood dust in the broad-leaved trees has the best seedling raising effect no matter the germination rate, the emergence rate or the growth potential weight analysis. The seed storage results were similar to the emergence results. The wood chips with volatile substances have certain inhibition effect on the germination of the camellia oleifera seeds.

The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for storing camellia oleifera seeds and cultivating bud seedling stocks by sawdust is characterized by comprising the following steps:

8) watering for the second time: after 6 to 7 days, watering thoroughly once;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the sawdust is 20-40 meshes; the sawdust does not include sawdust of Pinaceae and Lauraceae plants.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first sawdust layer is trapezoidal, the bottom of the first sawdust layer is 1.5-2.0m wide, the top of the first sawdust layer is 1.0-2.0m wide, and the thickness of the first sawdust layer is 20-35 cm; most preferably, the thickness is 30 cm.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the second sawdust layer is 2-5 cm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the third sawdust layer is 10-20 cm; most preferably, the thickness is 15 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 15-25 g/L; the concentration of the prodigiosin is 0.5-1.5 g/L.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), 1000-1300 grains are sowed per square meter of the camellia seeds on average.