CN108419637B

CN108419637B - Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis

Info

Publication number: CN108419637B
Application number: CN201810083133.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张风娟; 韩月龙; 陈凤新; 杨康; 李乔; 陈雪
Original assignee: Heibei University
Current assignee: Heibei University
Priority date: 2018-01-29
Filing date: 2018-01-29
Publication date: 2021-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 2038-01-29
Also published as: CN108419637A

Abstract

The invention provides a biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis, which is characterized in that the method adopts drill seeding in ecological soil invaded or easily invaded by flaveria bidentisPlanting the boswellia cineraria in a planting mode to further inhibit the growth and development of the flaveria cineraria, wherein the sowing density of the boswellia cineraria is 1g/m²~3g/m². The biological substitution method provided by the invention has a very good control effect, and the inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis can reach 100%. The coreopsis tinctoria has high ornamental value and medicinal value, and the adoption of the method can realize certain economic value and environment beautifying effect while controlling the flaveria tinctoria, and is suitable for planting on both sides of roads in cities and villages.

Description

Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological control, in particular to a biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis.

Background

Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze is a malignant weed invading China and is a quarantine pest forbidden to enter the country, has strong ecological environment adaptability and has strong tolerance to salt, alkali and drought; the reproductive capacity is strong, the seed yield is high, one plant can produce hundreds of seeds or even thousands of seeds, and the seeds are small, light and easy to spread. Besides, the flaveria bidentis also secretes and produces allelopathic substances, inhibits the growth of the native plants, occupies the growth space of the native plants, can quickly form dominant population, thereby reducing the biodiversity of the invaded land, even can generate hybrid progeny with higher destructive power, is a green disaster of the ecological environment, is called as an ecological killer, and has the mischief of killing all flowers after the flowers are bloomed.

It is reported that flaveria bidentis has been diffused to provinces and cities such as Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong and the like after Tianjin is discovered for the first time in 2001, the occurrence area exceeds twenty thousand hectares, and serious economic loss and ecological disaster are caused to agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production in China.

At present, the method for preventing and controlling invasive plant flaveria bidentis in China mainly adopts a method of manually and physically removing and spraying chemical pesticide. Although the manual removal method can control the flaveria bidentis in a short time, the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, cannot fundamentally solve the diffusion and spread of the flaveria bidentis, and can not treat the symptoms and root causes. On one hand, the chemical prevention and control method consumes manpower and financial resources, thereby causing indirect economic loss; on the other hand, long-term use of chemical pesticides can not only cause the flaveria bidentis to generate serious drug resistance, but also cause pollution to the environment and threaten human health.

Successful invasion of foreign plants is related to the types and diversity of plants in an invasion area, and the prevention of the invasion of the foreign plants through an ecosystem by using the ecological defense function of the plants in the invasion area is an effective method for controlling the invasion of the foreign plants, so that the search for proper plants and planting modes thereof to biologically substitute the flaveria bidentis becomes an important research subject. If researchers use plants such as sorghum sudanense, shazhaowang, amaranthus retroflexus to inhibit flaveria bidentis at present, shazhaowang has a good control effect on flaveria bidentis, but has a narrow application range and is not particularly suitable for growth in heavy soil (Zhang-Shang & Zhang-Fu-Guang, contemporary livestock raising, 1994, 04 th). In view of the wide region and various geographical environments in China, the existing method is difficult to meet the actual requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biological substitution method for controlling the external invasion of flaveria bidentis, so as to solve the problems that the control effect of plant species which can be used for controlling flaveria bidentis is not ideal and the application range is narrow in the prior art.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of Flaveria Bidentis is characterized in that the growth and development of Flaveria Bidentis is inhibited by planting the Flaveria Bidentis in the ecological soil invaded or easily invaded by Flaveria Bidentis with the sowing density of 1g/m²～3g/m²。

The sowing row spacing of the coreopsis is 20 cm-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 0.5 cm-4 cm.

The sowing row spacing of the coreopsis is 25 cm-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 1 cm-3 cm.

The sowing time of the boswellia chrysanthemum is from late 4 months to early 5 months in North China.

The biological substitution method for controlling the external invasion of the flaveria bidentis has a very good control effect, the incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis is 0 in 9 months under a certain sowing density, and the inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis can reach 100%.

According to the method, the coreopsis is adopted as a biological substitute plant of the flaveria bidentis, the seeds are easy to obtain, the planting method is simple, the operation is easy, and the coreopsis bidentis is suitable for being planted in sandy soil and heavy soil, so that the defects of the prior art are overcome. Compared with other biological substitute plants, the invention can generate stronger inhibition effect on the flaveria bidentis at lower density, thereby greatly reducing the cost investment for preventing and controlling the flaveria bidentis.

In addition, the coreopsis tinctoria has high ornamental value and medicinal value, and the method can realize certain economic value and environment beautifying effect while controlling the flaveria bidentis, and is suitable for planting on both sides of urban and rural roads.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The invention adopts the mixed planting of flaveria bidentis and boswellia bidentis and is matched with a specific planting management technology to realize the purpose of controlling flaveria bidentis, and the specific steps are as follows:

1. technology for removing flaveria bidentis before biological replacement treatment

The test site is located in a pilot-scale research base of a corridor of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, corridor of Hebei province (the soil of the test site is sticky soil). The test plots are invaded by flaveria bidentis in the previous year, and flaveria bidentis plants are removed by adopting a manual pulling method in 8 months in the previous year.

2. Sowing and later period management

The sowing mode of the boswellia chrysanthemum is drill sowing, the row spacing of the sowing is 28cm, the sowing depth is 1 cm-3 cm, the sowing time is from late 4 months to early 5 months, and the sowing density is 1g/m²、2g/m²And 3g/m². The sowing density of the flaveria bidentis is 0.06g/m². Five replicates of 3X 2m size were set up for each test square²(length × width), 1m buffer between the squares, and the squares are randomly distributed. The watering mode is drip irrigation and natural rainfall, and other weeds are pulled out manually during the growth period.

3. Sampling and measuring the plant growth related indexes.

Each index of Flaveria bidentis was measured at the beginning of 6 months and 9 months, respectively, as follows, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.

Plant height: measuring the plant height by using a measuring tape with the minimum scale of 1mm, and calculating the average value of the plant height;

the number of plants: manually checking and counting cells;

the number of branches: manually counting, and calculating the average value of the number of branches;

the flower number: calculating the number of flowers of 10 branches in each cell, and calculating the average number of flowers of each plant;

biomass: after deactivation of enzymes at 105 ℃ in an oven, drying to constant weight at 85 ℃ and weighing the dry weight on an electronic balance, the average biomass value is calculated.

Example 2, example 3, and comparative example 1

The sowing density of the cosmos (see table 1 and table 2 in particular) was changed, other conditions were not changed, and various indexes of the flaveria bidentis were measured and listed in table 1 and table 2, respectively.

Comparative example 1

Only Flaveria bidentis (seeding density of 0.06 g/m) was sown in the test sample²) As a blank control, other management measures were performed in the same manner as in example 1 to determine the indexes of flaveria bidentis, which are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.

Table 1: each index of 6 months flaveria bidentis

Note: the values in the table are mean. + -. standard deviation. Different letters indicate that multiple comparisons were significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 2: each index of 9 months flaveria bidentis

As can be seen from the table, the Flaveria Bidentis in the single treatment and the Flaveria Bidentis in the mixed treatment with different densities have significant differences in plant height, plant number, biomass, branch number and flower number, and the Sphaerotheca Bidentis shows very obvious inhibition effect on the Flaveria Bidentis. In comparative example 1, the seeding density of coreopsis was 0.2g/m²The incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis in month 6 is 64.18%, the average plant height is reduced by 25.10%, the average single plant biomass is reduced by 34.24%, the incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis in month 9 is 48.15%, and the inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis is 51.85%. In example 1, the sowing density of coreopsis is 1g/m²The incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis in month 6 is 3.56%, the average plant height is reduced by 67.41%, the average single plant biomass is reduced by 94.89%, and the inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis reaches 100% when the incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis in month 9 is 0, so that the growth of the flaveria bidentis can be completely inhibited under the condition of low sowing density. In examples 2 and 3, the Persia americana seeding density was 2g/m²And 3g/m²The incidence rates of the flaveria bidentis in month 6 are 2.87 percent and 2.64 percent respectively, the plant height reduction rates are 75.82 percent and 80.04 percent, and the single plant biomass reduction rates are 96.08 percent and 99.21 percent; the incidence rate of Flaveria bidentis in month 9 is 0, and the inhibition rate of Flaveria bidentis reaches 100%. The Relative Competition Intensity (RCI) of Flaveria Bidentis and Sphaerotheca Angustifolia was 1 (RCI)_Y＝(Y_control-Y_treatment)/Y_controlWhere Y is the dry weight of flaveria bidentis), indicating that it has a significant control effect on the invasion of flaveria bidentis.

The adopted cosmos is quickly grown after being sowed, can quickly cover the ground, inhibits the emergence of the flaveria bidentis, and forms a shading effect on the flaveria bidentis by utilizing a strong density effect in the later period, thereby inhibiting the growth of the flaveria bidentis. Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding control effect, and in addition, the boswellia chrysanthemum has the advantages of drought resistance, barren resistance, strong adaptability to climate and soil, and growth in sandy land and clay land.

The invention has the advantages of good control effect, easy acquisition of seeds, low cost, labor saving, trouble saving and labor saving, wide soil adaptability, simple operation and management and large-area popularization and application.

Claims

1. A biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of Flaveria Bidentis is characterized in that the method comprises the step of planting the Flaveria Bidentis in the ecological soil invaded or easily invaded by the Flaveria Bidentis in a drilling mode to further inhibit the growth and development of the Flaveria Bidentis, wherein the seeding density of the Flaveria Bidentis is 1g/m²~3g/ m²(ii) a The sowing row spacing of the coreopsis is 20 cm-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 0.5 cm-4 cm.

2. The biosubstituted method for controlling the invasion of flaveria bidentis according to claim 1, wherein the seeding row spacing of the boswellia bidentis is 25cm to 30cm and the seeding depth is 1cm to 3 cm.