CN109661943B - Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair - Google Patents
Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair Download PDFInfo
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- CN109661943B CN109661943B CN201910087120.2A CN201910087120A CN109661943B CN 109661943 B CN109661943 B CN 109661943B CN 201910087120 A CN201910087120 A CN 201910087120A CN 109661943 B CN109661943 B CN 109661943B
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- flaveria bidentis
- maidenhair
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological replacement method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair, wherein the method is implemented by controlling the invasion of flaveria bidentis or using malachitumAdopting a drill seeding mode to plant the maidenhair in the easily-invaded ecological soil so as to inhibit the growth and development of the flaveria bidentis, wherein the seeding density of the maidenhair is 0.5g/m2~1g/m2. The biological substitution method provided by the invention has a very good prevention and control effect, and the inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis can reach more than 98%. The maidenhair has high medicinal value and ornamental value, and the method can realize certain economic value and environment beautifying effect while controlling the flaveria bidentis and can be planted on both sides of roads in cities and villages and in communities and parks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological control, in particular to a biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair.
Background
Flaveria bidentis [ Flaveria bidentis ], [ solution of Flaveria bidentis ], [ solution of FlaveriaFlaveria bidentis(L.) Kuntze]The weeding composition belongs to the asteraceae family of the asteraceae family in taxonomy, is a malignant weed which invades China, is a quarantine pest prohibited from entering the country, has strong ecological environment adaptability and has strong adaptability to severe environment; the reproductive capacity is strong, the seed yield is high, and the seeds are small and light and are easy to spread. In addition, the flaveria bidentis secretes and produces allelopathy substances which can inhibit the growth of local plants, occupy the growth space of the local plants, compete for sunlight, moisture and nutrient substances with the local plants, and can quickly form dominant populations, so that the biodiversity of an invasive site is reduced, even filial generations with higher destructive power can be produced, the ecological balance can be broken, and the flaveria bidentis is 'green toxoma' of the ecological environment.
In 2001, flaveria bidentis was first discovered near the roadside of southern development university and showed very strong invasiveness, and belonged to grade 1 in the invasion level, i.e., the malignant invasion class. At present, the flaveria bidentis invades yellow river and coastal areas (including Anyang city, Puyang city, Zhengzhou city and the like) in Henan province, ecological damage to the areas is caused on a certain scale, and the spreading situation is quite severe. Research predicts that the potential habitats of the flaveria bidentis are southern provinces in China, and Henan province is a must-pass region and a key region of the flaveria bidentis spreading from north to south.
Measures must be taken to control the spread of the flaveria bidentis in time, otherwise, the flaveria bidentis not only can cause serious harm to grain production, biodiversity protection, ecological environment and the like of an invaded place, but also can aggravate the invasion speed of the flaveria bidentis to the south. At present, the method for preventing and treating invasive plant flaveria bidentis in China mainly adopts methods of artificial removal and chemical prevention, but has certain limitations, the artificial removal method can only control flaveria bidentis in a short time, can not fundamentally solve the diffusion and spread of flaveria bidentis, and can not treat both symptoms and root causes; chemical control poses a threat to human health and the ecological environment, and flaveria bidentis may develop resistance to drugs.
The ability of foreign plants to colonize and expand in an invaded habitat is benefited by the different species of native plants, and the competing effects between plants are determinative of plant community species organization and level of diversity. Therefore, the method for controlling the growth of flaveria bidentis by selecting a plant replacement mode is a feasible method by utilizing the interspecific competition of different plants to inhibit the invasion of foreign plants. In recent years, China has performed highly effective work in the prevention and control of alien invasive plants by using different plants. If researchers use plants such as sorghum sudanense, sambucus mongolicus, boswellia japonica and the like to inhibit flaveria bidentis, the application range is narrow although good control effect on flaveria bidentis is achieved, for example, sambucus mongolicus is not suitable for growth in heavy soil, and the growth period of boswellia bidentis is short. In view of the wide territory and various geographic environments in China, more methods must be sought to meet the actual requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biological replacement method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair, so as to solve the problems of few types of plants and narrow application range in the prior art, which can be used for controlling flaveria bidentis.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of Flaveria Bidentis (L.) Kuntze is prepared by adopting drill seeding in ecological soil invaded or easily invaded by Flaveria Bidentis (L.) KuntzeThe sowing mode of the Chinese sparrow is used for planting the Chinese sparrow, so that the growth and development of the flaveria bidentis are inhibited, and the sowing density of the Chinese sparrow is 0.5g/m2~1g/ m2。
The sowing row spacing of the maidenhair is 25 cm-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 1 cm-3 cm.
The sowing density of the maidenhair is 0.5g/m2The thousand-grain weight was 3.33 g.
The sowing time of the maidenhair is as follows: the southern part with warm climate can be sowed all the year round; spring sowing is popular in the north.
The biological substitution method for controlling the external invasion of the flaveria bidentis provided by the invention has a very good prevention and control effect, and the incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis is reduced by more than 98% by 9 months under a certain sowing density.
The invention adopts the maidenhair as the biological substitute plant of the flaveria bidentis, the seeds are easy to obtain, the planting method is simple, the operation is easy, and the requirement on soil is not strict. The cultivation method has the advantages of transplanting resistance, rapid growth and easy cultivation management, and makes up for the defects of the prior art. Compared with other biological substitute plants, the invention can generate stronger inhibition effect on the flaveria bidentis under lower density and has longer growth period, thereby greatly reducing the cost investment for preventing and controlling the flaveria bidentis.
In addition, the maidenhair has high medicinal value and ornamental value, the flower leaves can be used as the medicine, the effects of clearing heat, reducing phlegm, enriching blood and stimulating the menstrual flow are achieved, and the orange flower and the yellow flower are extremely striking, so that the maidenhair flower becomes the main flowers of flower beds and courtyards gradually. The method can realize certain economic value and environment beautifying function while controlling the flaveria bidentis, and can be planted on both sides of urban and rural roads and in garden courtyards.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention adopts the mixed planting of the flaveria bidentis and the malachite and matches with the specific planting management technology to realize the purpose of controlling the flaveria bidentis, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. technology for removing flaveria bidentis before biological replacement treatment
The test site is located in a research pilot-scale base of the corridor of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences in corridor of Hebei province (the soil of the test site is sticky soil). The test plots are invaded by flaveria bidentis in the previous year, and flaveria bidentis plants are removed by adopting a manual pulling method in 8 months in the previous year.
2. Sowing and later period management
The sowing mode of the sparrow grass is drill sowing, the sowing row spacing is 25 cm-30 cm, the sowing depth is 1 cm-3 cm, the sowing time is from late 4 months to early 5 months, and the sowing density is 0.5g/m2. The sowing density of the flaveria bidentis is 0.06 g/m2. Five replicates of 3X 2m size were set up for each test square2(length × width), 1m buffer between the squares, and the squares are randomly distributed. The watering mode is drip irrigation and natural rainfall, and other weeds are pulled out manually during the growth period.
3. Sampling and measuring the plant growth related indexes.
Each index of Flaveria Bidentis was measured at the beginning of 6 months and at the beginning of 9 months, as follows, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Plant height (cm): measuring the plant height by using a measuring tape with the minimum scale of 1mm, and calculating the average value of the plant height;
number of strains (strain): manually checking and counting cells;
biomass (mg): deactivating enzymes at 105 ℃ by using an oven, drying to constant weight at 85 ℃, weighing the dry weight on an electronic balance, and calculating the average value of biomass;
the number of branches: manually counting, and calculating the average value of the number of the primary branches;
example 2
The sowing density of the maidenhair is changed to be 1g/m2(see tables 1 and 2 for details), other conditions and management measures similar to those of example 1, and indexes of flaveria bidentis were determined and listed in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Comparative example 1
Only Flaveria bidentis (seeding density of 0.06 g/m) was sown in the test sample2) As a blank control, other management measures were performed in the same manner as in example 1 to determine the indexes of flaveria bidentis, which are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Note: the values in the table are mean. + -. standard deviation. Different letters indicate multiple comparison with significant difference (P<0.05)。
Note: the values in the table are mean. + -. standard deviation. Different letters indicate multiple comparison with significant difference (P<0.05)。
As can be seen from the table, the Flaveria Bidentis in the single treatment and the Flaveria Bidentis in the mixed treatment with different densities have significant differences in plant height, plant number, biomass and branch number, and the maidenhair shows very obvious inhibition effect on the Flaveria Bidentis. In example 1, the density of sown peacock is 0.5g/m2The incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis in month 6 is 19.69%, the average plant height is reduced by 57.17%, and the average single plant biomass is reduced by 95.40%; the average plant height of the flaveria bidentis by 9 months is reduced by 85.29 percent, the average single plant biomass is reduced by 94.16 percent, and the incidence rate is 1.56 percent. The inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis in the later growth stage reaches 98.44%, and the method can completely inhibit the growth of the flaveria bidentis under the condition of low seeding density. In example 2, the sowing density of the maidenhair was 1g/m2The incidence rate of the flaveria bidentis in month 6 is 19.69%, the average plant height is reduced by 62.94%, and the average single plant biomass reduction rate is 95.40%; the average plant height of the flaveria bidentis in 9 months is reduced by 85.10%, the average single plant biomass is reduced by 97.15%, the incidence rate is 1.93%, and the inhibition rate of the flaveria bidentis in the later growth period reaches 98.07%. Late growth, example 1, the Relative Competition Intensity (RCI) of Flaveria Bidentis and Mallotus japonicus was 0.9422 (RCI)Y=（Ycontrol-Ytreatment）/YcontrolWherein Y is the dry weight of flaveria bidentis); in example 2, the relative competition strength (RCI) of flaveria bidentis and malachite was 0.9756. Both densities are shown to have significant control over adventitious invasion of flaveria bidentis. Since the effects of example 1 and example 2 are not very different, the effect that is supposed to be maximized at the minimum cost isIn principle, example 1 is preferably selected.
The adopted malachite grass grows rapidly after being sown, can quickly cover the ground, inhibits the emergence of the flaveria bidentis, and forms a shading effect on the flaveria bidentis by utilizing the strong plant height advantage in the later period, thereby inhibiting the growth of the flaveria bidentis. Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding control effect, and moreover, the maidenhair planted in the shade can bloom, which has low requirement on soil. The cultivation method has the advantages of transplanting resistance, rapid growth and easy cultivation management. The seeds scattered on the ground can grow by themselves under proper temperature and humidity conditions, and the plant is a plant with strong adaptability.
The invention has the advantages of good control effect, easy acquisition of seeds, low cost, labor saving, trouble saving and labor saving, wide soil adaptability, simple operation and management and large-area popularization and application.
Claims (2)
1. A biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of Flaveria Bidentis is characterized in that the method comprises the step of planting maidenhair in a drilling seeding mode in ecological soil invaded or easily invaded by Flaveria Bidentis to further inhibit the growth and development of the Flaveria Bidentis, wherein the seeding density of the maidenhair is 0.5g/m2~1g/ m2The sowing row spacing of the maidenhair is 25 cm-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 1 cm-3 cm.
2. The biosubstituted method for controlling the foreign invasion of flaveria bidentis according to claim 1, wherein said malachite grass is sown at a density of 0.5g/m2The thousand-grain weight was 3.33 g.
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| CN201910087120.2A CN109661943B (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair |
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| CN201910087120.2A CN109661943B (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis by using maidenhair |
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| CN109661943B true CN109661943B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
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Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101874448B (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2012-11-28 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for replacing flaveria bidentis by utilizing combination of sunflower and alfalfa |
| CN101743836B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-08-10 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for substituting for flaveria bidentis by utilizing grain amaranth |
| CN101743945B (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2012-02-08 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for controlling invasion of flaveria bidentis with native species |
| CN108419637B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2021-08-10 | 河北大学 | Biological substitution method for controlling external invasion of flaveria bidentis |
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