CN113678686A - Culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste traditional Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste traditional Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste traditional Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise 12 traditional Chinese medicines such as ginseng, radix ophiopogonis, dogwood, salvia miltiorrhiza and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a culture material in the technical field of fungus cultivation and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a big country for producing and using traditional Chinese medicines, the traditional Chinese medicines generate a lot of waste residues in the extraction process, a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine residues need to be treated every year, the traditional landfill and incineration method cannot effectively utilize resources in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, secondary pollution can be generated to air, the utilization space of land is reduced, and serious resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. Through analysis and determination, the traditional Chinese medicine residue is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, light in weight and good in air permeability, and is a high-quality organic fertilizer and light matrix.
The edible fungi contain rich proteins, vitamins and minerals, especially contain various amino acids and polysaccharides which are necessary for human bodies, are very beneficial to balancing human metabolism, have higher nutritional value and diet therapy effect, and are the third major food which can be eaten by human beings after plant foods and animal foods. The development of the edible fungus industry and modern agriculture has the advantages that the consumption of resources is continuously increased, and limited natural resources are continuously exhausted, so that the resource shortage crisis is faced. Especially, the use of the wood and the cottonseed hulls used in the current edible fungus production is limited due to the increase of the national protection force on forest resources, the pesticide residue of the cottonseed hulls is higher, and the cultivation of the edible fungi by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues is an effective way for solving the problem of resource shortage and developing agricultural circular economy.
The hericium erinaceus is high in nutritive value, contains fat, phosphorus, vitamin B and the like, and is in the top position compared with various edible fungi artificially cultivated at present. Hericium erinaceus has many medicinal values: the hericium erinaceus extract can treat gastric mucosal injury and chronic atrophic gastritis, and can remarkably improve the eradication rate of helicobacter pylori and the ulcer healing rate; the extract of the fruit body and the mycelium of the hericium erinaceus can play an important role in resisting tumors; the hericium erinaceus mycelium extract can resist hyperglycemia caused by alloxan; antioxidant and anti-aging, and has strong antioxidant and liver-protecting effects in vitro and in vivo.
Schizophyllum commune, alternative name: white ginseng (Yunnan), tree flower (Shaanxi), white flower and chicken feather mushroom (North) are rare mushroom mushrooms which can be used as both food and medicine, have the efficacies of clearing liver and improving eyesight, nourishing and strengthening body, and are recorded by the book of medical fungi and the like, and have the advantages of mild nature, sweet taste, bitter smell (root), slight cold and no toxicity. Has obvious curative effect on night sweat, gynecopathy, neurasthenia, dizziness, tinnitus and other diseases of children. In addition, the organic acid produced by submerged fermentation of hyphae of the Chinese medicinal composition has an inhibiting effect on tumors, and is widely applied to the fields of food, pharmaceutical industry, biochemistry and the like. The extracted mushroom glucan can improve macrophage activity, so that the immunity is enhanced, and the mushroom glucan is widely applied to the fields of medicines and cosmetics.
The agrocybe aegerita is rich in nutrition, high in protein content, contains various essential amino acids for human bodies, and contains rich B vitamins and mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the like. The Agrocybe cylindracea has effects of clearing heat, suppressing hyperactive liver, improving eyesight, promoting diuresis, and invigorating spleen.
Ganoderma is also called Rue Cao, Shen Zhi and Hua Yang Cao, and is a fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum of Polyporaceae. The shape of the mushroom cap is umbrella-shaped, kidney-shaped, semicircular or nearly circular. The record of ganoderma lucidum is recorded in Ben Cao gang mu compiled by Li Shi Zhen of Ming Dynasty medical scientists, and the ganoderma lucidum tea has the effects of replenishing qi and blood, calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind and strengthening the spleen and stomach. It can be used for treating asthenia, palpitation, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, chronic cough, asthma, coronary heart disease, silicosis, and tumor.
The traditional Chinese medicine dregs contain a large amount of cellulose, lignin, mineral substances and trace elements required by the growth of edible fungi, so that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are used for replacing part of wood chips to cultivate the edible fungi, and the new idea for treating the waste of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs is provided. The invention successfully solves the problems of traditional Chinese medicine residue pollution and garbage treatment by recycling the traditional Chinese medicine residue, changes the wastes of traditional Chinese medicine enterprises into the cultivation material for producing edible fungi, reduces the production cost, reduces the wood chip consumption and saves forest resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof.
The culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18-48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
Preferably, the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
Preferably, the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
Preferably, the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
The traditional Chinese medicine residue of the culture material comprises the following components: ginseng, dwarf lilyturf tuber, dogwood, salvia miltiorrhiza, fried spina date seed, Chinese taxillus twig, red paeony root, nardostachys root, coptis chinensis, kadsura longepedunculata and dragon bones.
The traditional Chinese medicine residue component of the culture material consists of water-extraction traditional Chinese medicine residues and alcohol-extraction traditional Chinese medicine residues, wherein the water-extraction traditional Chinese medicine residues are as follows: radix Ophiopogonis, parched semen Ziziphi Spinosae, herba Taxilli, radix Paeoniae Rubra, and Os Draconis; the alcohol extraction medicinal materials are as follows: ginseng, kadsura longepedunculata, dogwood, salvia miltiorrhiza, coptis chinensis and nardostachys chinensis, wherein the weight ratio of the water extraction to the alcohol extraction traditional Chinese medicine residues is = 1: 1.
the preparation method of the culture material comprises the following steps:
A. drying the fresh Chinese medicine residues in the sun to reduce the water content to 12% -15%, and crushing the fresh Chinese medicine residues into particles with the diameter of 6-8 mm for later use;
B. uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the wood chips, the bran, the gypsum powder and the glucose in proportion, and adding water, wherein the ratio of the materials to the water is 1: 1.2-1.5, and adjusting the pH value to 5.0-6.5 to obtain a cultivation material;
C. covering the stirred cultivation material with a film, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, sterilizing the packaged cultivation bag at high pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment to perform inoculation;
D. after inoculation, the mixture is placed into a spawn running room for spawn running.
The spawn running condition of the culture material is 25 ℃, the humidity is 55-60% under the dark condition, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2000 ppm.
The strains screened out by taking the edible fungus yield as a standard and suitable for cultivating the traditional Chinese medicine residues are hericium erinaceus, schizophyllum commune, ganoderma lucidum and agrocybe cylindracea.
Chinese patent publication Nos. CN1918963 and CN101798247A respectively describe methods for producing edible fungi cultivation material by using waste Chinese medicine residues, but both adopt a stacking fermentation mode, the Chinese medicine residues are fermented and then used as cultivation material, the stacking fermentation not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also consumes part of nutrition of the fermented Chinese medicine residues, cellulose and lignin which are used as main carbon sources are largely decomposed and are not beneficial to the growth of edible fungi, and the two only roughly describe that the Chinese medicine residues can be applied to the cultivation of edible fungi, and the specific mode and the suitable strains are not deeply researched.
Compared with the prior art, the invention comprehensively utilizes the waste Chinese medicine residues generated by the patent Chinese medicines, and obtains a proper strain and an optimal formula by adopting a clinker bag cultivation method. Not only protects the environment, but also saves the cost and increases new benefits. The invention makes full use of the physicochemical properties of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, not only makes full use of resources, but also solves the problem of environmental pollution, and really realizes changing waste into valuables.
Examples of the experiments
The project is a project of cooperation between the university of northriver and Shijiazhuang in Ling pharmaceutical industry, utilizes the Chinese medicine residues of Ling pharmaceutical waste to replace wood chips to cultivate edible fungi, and explores a new method for changing waste into valuable and increasing the economic added value of the Chinese medicine residues. Meanwhile, a new technology and a new process for cultivating edible fungi by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues in the Ling pharmaceutical industry are established through a laboratory and a base fruiting test, and a scientific basis is provided for large-scale cultivation in the Ling pharmaceutical industry.
1. Test strains and materials
1.1 test strains
Tea tree mushroom, hericium erinaceus, grifola frondosa, schizophyllum commune, shiitake mushroom and lucid ganoderma.
1.2 test materials
1.2.1 the bacteria-raising bag is made of polypropylene bag, the specification is 17 cm multiplied by 35 cm, and the single layer thickness is 0.05 mm;
1.2.2 novel no cotton lid lantern ring, purchase in Shijiazhuang city innovative domestic fungus institute;
1.2.3 inoculating stick, inoculating gun;
1.2.4 aqueous extract (dregs) and alcohol extract (dregs) of Chinese medicine. (provided by the Chiling pharmaceutical industry).
2. Cultivation process of edible fungi
Preparation of cultivar → preparation of cultivation bag → inoculation → spawn running → fruiting
3. Selection of cultivar matrix
The main substrates of the cultivated species produced in factories are: cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bran, corncobs, wheat grains and the like, and the sawdust is selected as a main culture medium for culture in the experiment. The advantages are that: simple treatment, convenient application and convenient operation.
4. Cultivation and screening of traditional Chinese medicine residue formula
The formula proportion of each experimental group is as follows:
4.1 inoculation culture of dregs of a decoction in fungus bags
The Chinese medicine dregs are set into four gradients of 30%, 50%, 60% and 78% respectively, and the contrast with wood dust is 5 formulas in total.
The formula of each cultivation material is as follows:
the formula of the control group is as follows: 78% of wood chips, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 55% -60% of water content.
The screening culture medium formula comprises:
screening medium 1 formula: 30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 55% -60% of water content;
screening medium 2 formula: 50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 55-60% of water content;
screening medium 3 formula: 60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 55% -60% of water content.
Screening medium 4 formula: 78% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 0% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 55% -60% of water content.
Covering a film on the mixed cultivation material, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, and performing high-pressure sterilization on the packaged cultivation bag: maintaining the temperature at 120-122 ℃ for 60-90 min, naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment, transplanting the cultivation bag to an ultra-clean bench, performing ultraviolet sterilization for 20-25 min, inoculating 5 strains of agrocybe cylindracea, hericium erinaceus, grifola frondosa, schizophyllum and lentinus edodes, and inoculating 20 bags of each formula. And putting the inoculated bacteria sticks into a bacteria growing chamber for growing bacteria, wherein the bacteria growing conditions are that the room temperature is 24-27 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 60-70%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2000 ppm. After inoculation, the fungus bags are periodically checked for contamination and hypha growth. If the fungus bags are seriously polluted, the bags of the batch are supplemented.
The first batch of traditional Chinese medicine residue cultivation material fungus bags are mixed according to 2000 bags, and the weight of the wet material bags is as follows: 550 g/bag. The second batch was followed by 750 g/bag, the weight of the bag being controlled strictly according to the technical practice.
4.2 Mushroom bag fruiting management of Chinese medicine residue
Fruiting is carried out in a fruiting shed of the university in Hebei. The intelligent temperature and humidity sensing device in the mushroom shed can adjust the temperature and humidity in the mushroom shed through humidification or ventilation, and the light sensing device can accurately control light through automatically adjusting the internal and external sunshades. The automatic ventilation device can ensure the oxygen content of indoor air, and avoid the occurrence of the phenomenon that fruiting is inhibited due to overhigh concentration of carbon dioxide.
4.3 fruiting of the herb residue bag in the Small test
4.3.1 Hericium erinaceum
The hericium erinaceus is grown twice in a shiitake shed. The first time in 2018 months 8 to 9 months and the second time in 2019 months 2 to 3 months.
4.3.1.1 first fruiting results:
the wet weight of the first fruiting material bag of the hericium erinaceus is 550 g, and the fruiting mode of the hericium erinaceus is two modes of fruiting at the opening of a lantern ring or fruiting by scratching the side wall. The mushroom growing at the lantern ring opening is to directly take down the upper cover of the lantern ring and put the lantern ring in a mushroom shed for mushroom growing; the step of mushroom fruiting is that the lantern ring and the cover are not moved, and mushroom fruiting is carried out by side button scribing. Table 1 shows the total yield of fruiting per bag of Hericium erinaceus with different proportions of the Chinese medicinal residues.
The results of the first fruiting comparison show that the content of the traditional Chinese medicine residue cultivation material is 30% and 60% so that the yield of the hericium erinaceus can be increased, and therefore the idea of cultivating the hericium erinaceus by replacing wood chips with the traditional Chinese medicine residues is feasible.
4.3.1.2 second fruiting:
the wet weight of the material bag for fruiting the hericium erinaceus for the second time is 750g, the fruiting modes of the hericium erinaceus are unified into side wall fruiting, and the first tide of the hericium erinaceus is harvested in 2019 in 2 months. Table 2 shows the total yield of Hericium erinaceus per bag at different ratios of the Chinese medicinal residues.
The result of the second fruiting comparison shows that the yield of the hericium erinaceus can be increased when the content of the traditional Chinese medicine residue cultivation material is 30% -50%, so that the idea of cultivating the hericium erinaceus by replacing wood chips with the traditional Chinese medicine residues is feasible.
4.3.2 Grifola frondosa
The first fruiting of grifola frondosa in two fruiting attempts is about 8 months in 2018, and the second fruiting is about 3 months in 2019, but the fruiting effect is poor. And covering soil for fruiting in two times. And will not be described further herein.
4.2.3 Schizophyllum commune
The Schizophyllum commune fruiting is carried out twice, the first time is from 4 months to 5 months in 2018, and the second time is from 2 months to 3 months in 2019.
4.2.3.1 first fruiting:
as the schizophyllum commune grows faster, the fruiting modes comprise three modes of covering soil and fruiting, removing bags and fruiting and standing bags. The soil covering and fruiting test sets two modes of full soil covering and half soil covering, and results show that the soil covering mode is easy to rot sticks and easy to dye specific pests, and the fruiting explosion mode is not beneficial to control. The bad stick phenomenon of bag-removing type fruiting is obviously improved, but the fruiting is more difficult to control, the fruiting is often explosively and rapidly carried out, the requirement on temperature and humidity is higher, and the bag-removing type fruiting device is not beneficial to large-scale planting and harvesting. The first fruiting commodity has poor properties and the phenomenon of rotten sticks is serious. Table 3 shows the total yield of Schizophyllum commune fruiting per bag at different ratios of the herb residue.
The first fruiting comparison shows that the content of the Chinese herb residue cultivation material is 30% and 60%, so that the yield of the schizophyllum commune is slightly increased. But the biological conversion rate is almost the same, so the Chinese medicine dregs replace wood chips and have little influence on the yield of the schizophyllum commune.
4.2.3.2 second fruiting:
the vertical bag is found to have the best mode of cutting and fruiting, the vertical bag is convenient to control and collect fruiting, the character of the crack commodity is good, the fruiting is neat, and the yield is high. And (3) fruiting for the second time, namely, fruiting by cutting and buckling a vertical bag, harvesting in time when the fruit body leaves of the schizophyllum commune are flat after fruiting in a No. 1 mushroom shed, and trimming a basal culture medium by adopting a serrated knife from the basal part of a colony. And stopping spraying water 1 day before harvesting. And (4) weighing and recording the harvested fresh mushrooms in time, sealing the fresh mushrooms with plastic bags, and refrigerating the fresh mushrooms at a low temperature or drying and storing the fresh mushrooms in time. And recording the weight of the measured yield, and performing statistics. Table 4 shows the total yield of Schizophyllum commune fruiting per bag at different ratios of the herb residue.
The result shows that the yield of the schizophyllum commune can be increased when the content of the Chinese medicine residue cultivation material is 50-60%, so that the idea of using the Chinese medicine residue to replace wood dust to cultivate the schizophyllum commune is feasible.
4.2.4 Ganoderma lucidum
The fruiting period of the ganoderma lucidum is 8 months in 2018.
Fruiting:
covering soil and fruiting Ganoderma, sterilizing the shed before fruiting Ganoderma, spraying pesticide, cleaning sandy soil, sun-drying for 3-5 days, sieving, and mixing with calx, and spreading in fruiting pond. And opening a humidifier and an intelligent control system to ensure the temperature and humidity of fruiting and regularly ventilate. And recording the weight of the measured yield, and performing statistics. Table 5 shows the total yield of fruiting of each bag of Ganoderma in different proportions of the Chinese medicinal residues.
The result shows that the yield of the ganoderma lucidum can be increased by 50-60% of the traditional Chinese medicine residue cultivation material, so that the idea of cultivating the ganoderma lucidum by replacing wood chips with the traditional Chinese medicine residue is feasible.
4.2.5 Agrocybe aegerita
The fruiting of agrocybe aegerita started in 2019 in month 2.
The agrocybe cylindracea is grown in a vertical bag. Sterilizing the mushroom shed before fruiting, controlling the illumination intensity by a sunshade net, controlling the temperature and humidity at 20 ℃ and controlling the water content between 60 and 90 percent. And opening a humidifier and an intelligent control system to ensure the temperature and humidity of fruiting and regularly ventilate. Collecting the tea tree mushroom for 2-3 days, wherein the tea tree mushroom has thick and long stipe, round and smooth pileus and excellent growth vigor, collecting 2908g of tea tree mushroom, and drying the tea tree mushroom to 296.5 g. The fruiting period of the agrocybe cylindracea is relatively long through fruiting comparison, meanwhile, the fungus bag contamination rate of the agrocybe cylindracea is relatively low, and mushrooms can be continuously collected as long as humidity and fruiting conditions are guaranteed. Table 6 shows the total yield of agrocybe cylindracea per bag at different proportions of the herb residue.
The result shows that the yield of the agrocybe cylindracea can be increased by 50 percent and 78 percent of the traditional Chinese medicine residue cultivation material, so the idea of using the traditional Chinese medicine residue to replace wood dust to cultivate the agrocybe cylindracea is feasible.
4.2.6 Lentinus Edodes
The mushrooms need to be changed in color to grow, and the method starts in 2019, 4 months.
And in the fruiting stage of the bag-cultivated mushrooms, the temperature is controlled to be 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity of air is about 85%, the illumination is increased, the day and night temperature difference stimulation is increased, hypha on the surfaces of the mushroom sticks are forced to fall down to form mushroom skins, and pigments are secreted to change the color. In the color conversion stage, the fungus sticks are punctured and ventilated, so that oxygen is supplemented for the growth of hyphae, and carbon dioxide is discharged. Meanwhile, the puncture is ventilated, and the mechanical stimulation, nutrient delivery, room temperature increase, culture material moisture reduction and the like are also realized, so that the physiological maturity of hyphae is promoted. The fruiting period needs strong scattered light, weak light and light fruit body color. Ventilating for 1-3 times every day, and each time for 40 minutes. Table 7 shows the total fruiting yield of each bag of mushrooms at different proportions of herb residue.
The result shows that the yield of the shiitake mushrooms cannot be increased due to the content of the Chinese herb medicine residue cultivation material, so that the Chinese herb medicine residue replaces wood chips and has little influence on the yield of the shiitake mushrooms.
In summary, the fruiting products can be summarized as follows:
the Chinese medicine residues are suitable for the cultivated varieties: hericium erinaceus, Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma lucidum and Agrocybe aegerita. Wherein the addition ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residues is 60%, the effect is the best, and the fruiting yield is higher than that of a control group.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any technique realized based on the above-described contents of the present invention belongs to the contents of the present invention.
Example 1
Screening of hericium erinaceus formula
a. Drying the fresh Chinese medicine residues in the sun to reduce the water content to 12% -15%, and crushing the fresh Chinese medicine residues into particles with the diameter of 6-8 mm for later use;
b. five gradients are set according to the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicine residues: 30%, 39%, 50%, 60%, 78%, and wood chip control, for a total of 6 formulas, each formula being as follows:
comparison formula: 78% of wood chips, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 1 of the cultivation material: 30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 2: 39% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 39% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 3 of the cultivation material: 50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 4 of the cultivation material: 60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 5: 78% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose.
Uniformly mixing the cultivation materials, adding water, wherein the ratio of the materials to the water is 1: 1.2-1.5, and the pH value of the stirred cultivation material is 5.0-6.0.
c. Covering a film on the mixed cultivation material, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, and performing high-pressure sterilization on the packaged cultivation bag: keeping the temperature at 120-122 ℃ for 60-90 min, naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment, transplanting the cultivation bag to an ultra-clean bench, performing ultraviolet sterilization for 20-25 min, and inoculating hericium erinaceus. And putting the inoculated bacteria sticks into a bacteria growing chamber for growing bacteria. Before use, the 50% wettable carbendazim solution 800 times and the pesticide solution 500 times are sprayed in a bacteria-developing room, and the sterilization and the disinsection are carried out once. The spawn running condition is that the room temperature is 24-26 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 60% -70%, the shading is realized, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2000 ppm. And (4) checking the hypha eating condition, wherein the hypha grows over the whole fungus stick generally after about 20-30 days.
d. And (3) fruiting conditions:
temperature control: hericium erinaceus is a medium-temperature, variable-temperature and fruiting type fungus. The optimal growth temperature of the sporocarps is 15-20 ℃, the growth of the sporocarps is inhibited at the temperature of more than 25 ℃, and the sporocarps become reddish at the temperature of less than 16 ℃ and grow slowly.
Humidity control: proper air relative humidity is an important condition for formation and normal development of sub-entities to achieve high yields. The optimal air humidity of the hericium erinaceus is 85% -90%, and if the humidity is lower than 70%, the fungus sticks are shortened, and the growth is slowed or stopped. On the other hand, when the humidity exceeds 95%, the fruit body is deformed due to poor ventilation.
And (3) illumination control: the hericium erinaceus fruiting body only needs to scatter light, the light is generally 200-400 lux, if the light intensity exceeds 1000 lux, the fruiting body turns red, the growth is slow, and the quality is poor.
Ventilating: hericium erinaceus is an aerobic fungus, and needs to be ventilated continuously, supplement oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide in the growth process. Ventilation is not only beneficial to the formation and development of sporocarp, but also can reduce the pollution of mixed bacteria.
Example 2
Schizophyllum commune formula screening
a. Drying the fresh Chinese medicine residues in the sun to reduce the water content to 12% -15%, and crushing the fresh Chinese medicine residues into particles with the diameter of 6-8 mm for later use;
b. five gradients are set according to the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicine residues: 30%, 39%, 50%, 60%, 78%, and wood chip control, for a total of 6 formulas, each formula being as follows:
comparison formula: 78% of wood chips, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 1 of the cultivation material: 30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 2: 39% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 39% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 3 of the cultivation material: 50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 4 of the cultivation material: 60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 5: 78% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose.
Uniformly mixing the cultivation materials, adding water, wherein the ratio of the materials to the water is 1: 1.2-1.5, and the pH value of the stirred cultivation material is 5.0-5.6.
c. Covering a film on the mixed cultivation material, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, and performing high-pressure sterilization on the packaged cultivation bag: keeping the temperature at 120-122 ℃ for 60-90 min, naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment, transplanting the cultivation bag to an ultra-clean bench, performing ultraviolet sterilization for 20-25 min, and inoculating schizophyllum commune. And putting the inoculated bacteria sticks into a bacteria growing chamber for growing bacteria. Before use, the 50% wettable carbendazim solution 800 times and the pesticide solution 500 times are sprayed in a bacteria-developing room, and the sterilization and the disinsection are carried out once. The spawn running condition is that the room temperature is 23-26 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 60% -70%, the shading is realized, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2000 ppm. And (4) checking the hypha eating condition, wherein the hypha grows over the whole fungus stick generally after about 20-30 days.
d. And (3) fruiting conditions:
temperature control: the schizophyllum commune belongs to a medium-temperature fungus, the differentiation and development of the fruiting body are optimal at 18-22 ℃, and the maturation period is prolonged below 18 ℃.
Humidity control: schizophyllum commune fruiting body has high dry and wet flexibility, and has the advantages of swelling cells when water exists, shrinking when drying, and continuing to extend once sufficient water is absorbed. The relative humidity of the space in the mushroom growing stage is 85-90%.
And (3) illumination control: when the Schizophyllum commune primordium is used for differentiating the sporocarp, the illumination intensity is 300-500 lux. The fruiting body has obvious phototaxis, strong light, brown color of mushroom body and poor quality.
Ventilating: schizophyllum commune belongs to aerobic fungi, and carbon dioxide gas with putrefactive odor is released in the growth process of fruiting bodies, so that ventilation is performed 2 times per day to renew air.
Example 3
Screening of Ganoderma formulation
a. Drying the fresh Chinese medicine residues in the sun to reduce the water content to 12% -15%, and crushing the fresh Chinese medicine residues into particles with the diameter of 6-8 mm for later use;
b. five gradients are set according to the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicine residues: 30%, 39%, 50%, 60%, 78%, and wood chip control, for a total of 6 formulas, each formula being as follows:
comparison formula: 78% of wood chips, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 1 of the cultivation material: 30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 2: 39% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 39% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 3 of the cultivation material: 50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 4 of the cultivation material: 60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 5: 78% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose.
Uniformly mixing the cultivation materials, adding water, wherein the ratio of the materials to the water is 1: 1.2-1.5, and the pH value of the stirred cultivation material is 5.0-5.5.
c. Covering a film on the mixed cultivation material, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, and performing high-pressure sterilization on the packaged cultivation bag: and keeping the temperature at 120-122 ℃ for 60-90 min, naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment, transplanting the cultivation bag to an ultra-clean bench, performing ultraviolet sterilization for 20-25 min, and inoculating the lentinus edodes. And putting the inoculated bacteria sticks into a bacteria growing chamber for growing bacteria, wherein the bacteria growing conditions are that the room temperature is 24-27 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 60% -70%, the light is blocked, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2000 ppm.
d. And (3) fruiting conditions:
temperature control: the ganoderma lucidum is a thermophilic fungus, the hypha growth temperature is the best at 26-28 ℃, the fruiting body grows the best at 24-28 ℃, and the fruiting body cannot normally develop below 18 ℃. During the spawn running period, the temperature in the culture room is kept at 22-30 ℃. Humidity control: proper air relative humidity is an important condition for formation and normal development of sub-entities to achieve high yields. The relative humidity of air is kept between 50% and 60%.
And (3) illumination control: the shed is preferably used for scattering light, so that direct irradiation of strong light is avoided.
Ventilating: ventilating for half an hour every day, and turning the fungus bags up and down for 1 time every 5-7 days.
Example 4
Agrocybe cylindracea formula screening
a. Drying the fresh Chinese medicine residues in the sun to reduce the water content to 12% -15%, and crushing the fresh Chinese medicine residues into particles with the diameter of 6-8 mm for later use;
b. five gradients are set according to the proportion of the traditional Chinese medicine residues: 30%, 39%, 50%, 60%, 78%, and wood chip control, for a total of 6 formulas, each formula being as follows:
comparison formula: 78% of wood chips, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 1 of the cultivation material: 30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 2: 39% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 39% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 3 of the cultivation material: 50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
formula 4 of the cultivation material: 60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose;
cultivation material formula 5: 78% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of glucose.
Uniformly mixing the cultivation materials, adding water, wherein the ratio of the materials to the water is 1: 1.2-1.5, and the pH value of the stirred cultivation material is 5.0-5.6.
c. Covering a film on the mixed cultivation material, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, and performing high-pressure sterilization on the packaged cultivation bag: and (3) keeping the temperature at 120-122 ℃ for 60-90 min, naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment, transplanting the cultivation bag to an ultra-clean bench, performing ultraviolet sterilization for 20-25 min, and inoculating the agrocybe aegerita. And putting the inoculated bacteria sticks into a bacteria growing chamber for growing bacteria. Before use, the 50% wettable carbendazim solution 800 times and the pesticide solution 500 times are sprayed in a bacteria-developing room, and the sterilization and the disinsection are carried out once. The spawn running condition is that the room temperature is 23-26 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 60% -70%, the shading is realized, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 2000 ppm. And (4) checking the hypha eating condition, wherein the hypha grows over the whole fungus stick generally after about 20-30 days.
d. And (3) fruiting conditions:
temperature control: the agrocybe aegerita belongs to mesophilic fungi, the temperature range of the differentiation of the primordia of the fruiting bodies is 12-26 ℃, the optimal temperature is 18-24 ℃, and the primordia differentiation can be delayed at lower or higher temperature. Low temperature, slow growth of sporocarp, firm tissue, large shape, good quality, and easy opening and forming of cap mushroom. .
Humidity control: the water content of the culture medium for cultivating the agrocybe aegerita is controlled to be 60-65%, the relative air humidity is required to be below 70% when hyphae grow, the fruiting body formation and development period is 85-95%, and the growth period is properly reduced.
Ventilating: the agrocybe aegerita belongs to aerobic large-scale fungi, is very sensitive to carbon dioxide, is poor in ventilation, has too high carbon dioxide concentration, and is easy to cause slow growth of hypha, thick and long stipe of sporocarp, fine and small pileus, early opening of the agrocybe aegerita and malformed agrocybe.
The agrocybe aegerita is a light-requiring fungus, the fruiting body has the characteristic of phototaxis growth, and proper diffusion light is a necessary condition for completing normal life history. During the cultivation of the mycelium, it still grew in the absence of light, but no fruiting bodies were formed.
Claims (9)
1. A culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
30-60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18-48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
2. The culture material of claim 1, wherein the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
3. The culture material of claim 1, wherein the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 28% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
4. The culture material of claim 1, wherein the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 18% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of glucose and 1% of gypsum.
5. The compost of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise the following components: ginseng, dwarf lilyturf tuber, dogwood, salvia miltiorrhiza, fried spina date seed, Chinese taxillus twig, red paeony root, nardostachys root, coptis chinensis, kadsura longepedunculata and dragon bones.
6. The compost of claim 5, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises water extraction traditional Chinese medicine residue and alcohol extraction traditional Chinese medicine residue, wherein the water extraction traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises the following medicinal materials: radix Ophiopogonis, parched semen Ziziphi Spinosae, herba Taxilli, radix Paeoniae Rubra, and Os Draconis; the alcohol extraction medicinal materials are as follows: ginseng, kadsura longepedunculata, dogwood, salvia miltiorrhiza, coptis chinensis and nardostachys chinensis, wherein the weight ratio of the water extraction to the alcohol extraction traditional Chinese medicine residues is = 1: 1.
7. a compost according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the preparation method of the compost comprises the following steps:
A. drying the fresh Chinese medicine residues in the sun to reduce the water content to 12% -15%, and crushing the fresh Chinese medicine residues into particles with the diameter of 6-8 mm for later use;
B. uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the wood chips, the bran, the gypsum powder and the glucose in proportion, and adding water, wherein the ratio of the materials to the water is 1: 1.2-1.5, and adjusting the pH value to 5.0-6.5 to obtain a cultivation material;
C. covering the stirred cultivation material with a film, placing for 2-2.5 hours, bagging, sterilizing the packaged cultivation bag at high pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature after sterilization treatment to perform inoculation;
D. after inoculation, the mixture is placed into a spawn running room for spawn running.
8. The culture medium according to claim 7, wherein the culture medium has a germination condition of 25 ℃, a humidity of 55-60% and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 2000ppm under a dark condition.
9. The culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the strains screened out to be suitable for cultivation of the traditional Chinese medicine residues with the edible fungus yield as a standard are Hericium erinaceus, Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma lucidum and Agrocybe aegerita.
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| CN113678687A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司 | Culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113678687A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司 | Culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1918963A (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2007-02-28 | 王永显 | Production method of edible mushroom by using traditional Chinese medicine slag |
| CN101798247A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-08-11 | 上海交通大学 | Edible fungus cultivating material prepared by utilizing waste Chinese medicinal residues and preparation method thereof |
| CN102165895A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-08-31 | 石泉县金鑫桑枝菌科技开发有限公司 | Fungus stick and method used for cultivating mushroom or agaric by utilizing ramulus mori |
| CN102850095A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-02 | 南开大学 | Preparation method by using Chinese medicine residue as cultivation material of edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus |
| CN107466672A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-12-15 | 兰溪市奥而特农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of ganoderma lucidum |
| CN113678687A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司 | Culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113678687A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司 | Culture material for producing edible fungi by using waste Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof |
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