CN113661821A

CN113661821A - Special fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility and recommended application method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113661821A
Application number: CN202111063324.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐新朋; 何萍; 周卫; 艾超; 王玉军; 丁文成; 赵士诚; 仇少君
Original assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Current assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Priority date: 2021-09-10
Filing date: 2021-09-10
Publication date: 2021-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-10
Also published as: CN113661821B

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for protected tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility and a recommended application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource environments. The present invention determines the total amount of application M of facility tomato crops N, P and K based on the available yield and agronomic efficiency_{General assembly}(ii) a The special blended fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes are prepared by adjusting the nutrient proportion of N to P to K and/or N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes, and the recommended fertilizing amount and application method of the special fertilizer with nitrogen as the standard are given. The special fertilizer for facility tomatoes and the recommended application method meet the 4R principle, can meet the nutrient requirements of crops and achieve supply and demand synchronization. The invention has regional characteristics, has pertinence, and is reasonable for the production of the special fertilizer for cropsAdministration has instructional effects.

Description

Special fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility and recommended application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural resource environment, in particular to a special fertilizer for facility tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility and a recommended application method thereof.

Background

Tomatoes are vegetables which are widely eaten by people, and also are vegetables and fruits, and are planted in the south and the north of China, and particularly in modern facility cultivation (greenhouse), the tomatoes have very wide planting scale. The tomato is a vegetable crop with larger fertilizer demand, the yield and the quality of the tomato are greatly influenced by the fertilizing amount and the proportion of various nutrients, and the sufficient and reasonable nutrient supply is the guarantee of the healthy and high yield of the tomato. However, in order to pursue yield and promote the marketing of farmers, the nutrient ratio of soil and crops is unbalanced, the yield and quality of tomatoes are limited, the farmers can maintain the yield only by putting more fertilizers, and finally the problems of serious unbalance of soil nutrients, salinization, hardening, continuous cropping diseases and the like occur.

In order to better guide farmers to reasonably and effectively fertilize, maintain soil nutrient balance, keep tomato yield and quality improvement and reduce unreasonable fertilizer investment, related scientific researchers propose various recommended fertilization methods, such as fertilization with a soil testing formula, a fertilizer effect function method and the like, and particularly the recommended fertilization method based on the soil testing formula is widely concerned by people. However, the requirements on soil detection technology and equipment are high, the difference of soil nutrients among farmer plots is large, the tomato varieties in different areas react on fertilizers in different ways, and accurate soil measurement formula is difficult to achieve; in addition, the soil nutrient test value cannot completely reflect the soil nutrient supply condition under the influence of the limitations of the current test method. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct intensive research on the fertilization method of tomatoes.

Disclosure of Invention

In the past 40 years, the application amount of the fertilizer rises straightly, and the fertilizer utilization rate is continuously reduced due to unreasonable fertilization. Aiming at the problems of unreasonable fertilization, lack of special fertilizers, defects of the existing fertilization methods and the like of tomatoes planted by farmers, the invention provides a special fertilizer for tomatoes and a recommended application method thereof based on yield response and soil fertility, and the special fertilizer for tomatoes and the application method are light, simplified, quantified and rationalized. According to the method, the fertilizer is prepared by combining indexes such as the yield level of the land over the years, the soil nutrient supply, the tomato nutrient demand, the fertilization yield increase condition and the like, on the basis of the optimal nutrient management of nutrient collaborative optimization, meanwhile, the balanced application of the nutrients is considered, and the reasonable recommended fertilization amount is finally provided through simulation calculation. The method is suitable for a planting mode taking small farmers as a main management body, and overcomes the technical problems of the existing fertilizing method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a fertilizer preparation method of a special fertilizer for protected tomatoes based on yield reaction and soil fertility, which comprises the following steps:

(1) calculating the yield response YR of the facility tomato crop according to formula 1 or formula 2:

YR ═ Yaxk formula 1

YR ═ yield of fertilization plot-yield of vegetarian plot 2

Wherein Ya is the available yield, and k is the yield reaction coefficient;

(2) the yield Ya obtained in the step (1) is determined according to the annual average yield level of tomato crops in the facility tomato planting area; the obtainable yield Ya is increased by 10% on the basis of the previous 3-5 year average yield level of the corresponding normal plot; or the average yield of the problematic plots is increased by 5 percent on the basis of the average yield of 3-5 years;

(3) in the step (1), the yield reaction coefficient k is determined according to the soil fertility level grade, and the soil fertility level grade is determined according to the soil nutrient determination result or according to the soil texture, color, organic matter content of the land and the information of the vegetable planting age;

(4) determining the total amount M of application of facility tomato crops N, P and K in the corresponding planting areas_{General assembly}The total amount of administration M_{General assembly}Calculated from equation 3:

M_{general assembly}YR 1000 AE 3

Wherein M is_{General assembly}The YR is the yield response of the corresponding nutrient, and AE is the agronomic efficiency of the corresponding nutrient;

the agronomic efficiency AE, calculated from formula 4, has a one-dimensional quadratic relationship with the yield response YR:

AE＝a×(YR)²+ b × (YR) + c formula 4

Wherein a is a quadratic term coefficient, b is a primary term coefficient, and c is a constant term;

(5) calculating the nutrient ratio of N: P: K and/or N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the facility tomato special fertilizer according to the total application amount of the facility tomato crops N, P and K in the corresponding planting areas obtained in the step (4); the N/N to P/N to K/N nutrient ratio provided by the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes is converted by taking N nutrient as a standard;

(6) adjusting the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes obtained in the step (5) according to a fertilizing measure; preparing a special blended fertilizer and/or a compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes according to the obtained nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the facility tomatoes; the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the protected tomatoes respectively comprises a base application special fertilizer, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer.

The definitions or terms of the terms related to the present invention are to be construed as follows:

the yield (atternable yield, Ya) was obtained: i.e., the maximum yield obtained under field or test station testing conditions using currently known information technology and advanced management practices while eliminating yield limiting factors (e.g., nutrients, pests, etc.).

Yield reaction (yield response, YR): the yield difference between the fertilization treatment and the nutrient deficiency treatment is indicated. The difference between the yield and the yield of the corresponding subtractive treatment was obtained and the N-, P-and K-applied yield responses are indicated as YRN, YRP and YRK, respectively. YR is the yield increased by fertilization and is one of the important parameters to be considered for balanced fertilization. YR can reflect not only the condition of soil basic nutrient supply but also the condition of fertilization effect.

Agronomic Efficiency (AE): refers to the yield increase of crops by applying a certain nutrient. I.e., yield increment of crops to which 1kg of certain nutrient was applied, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium agronomic efficiencies are indicated by AEN, AEP and AEK, respectively. The agronomic efficiency reflects the yield increasing effect of the fertilizer.

Further, the yield reaction coefficient k in the step (3) is based on the soil fertility level grade and the early multi-year multi-point historical data, the data comprises a large amount of yield and fertilization yield increase effect data obtained by a protected tomato field fertilizer test developed in China in 2018 and the relationship between the yield of the protected tomato planting area and the fertilizer yield increase effect established by regression analysis. The results of the statistics, calculations and analyses are summarized in table 1.

TABLE 1

Level of soil fertility	k_N	k_P	k_K
				Is low in	0.230	0.125	0.212
In	0.111	0.095	0.122
				Height of	0.078	0.039	0.084

Further, the soil fertility level grades in the step (3) are divided into low, medium and high level grades according to the soil organic matter content and the measurement result of the available nitrogen nutrients, and the soil fertility level grade division principle is as follows:

dividing principle of soil organic matter content: the soil organic matter content is less than 1.5%, 1.5% -2.5% and more than 2.5% respectively corresponding to the low, medium and high levels of soil fertility;

dividing the principle of the soil available nitrogen nutrient supply capacity: if the quick-acting nitrogen is more than 150mg/kg, upgrading the low grade and the medium grade corresponding to the measured value of the organic matter content into a medium grade and a high grade; and if the quick-acting nitrogen is less than 100mg/kg, degrading the corresponding high grade to the medium grade according to the measured value of the organic matter content. The results are summarized in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Further, the soil fertility level grade in the step (3) is divided into low, medium and high level grades according to the planting age of vegetables in the plot and with the information of the texture, color and organic matter content of the soil in the plot, and the dividing principle of the soil fertility level grade is as follows:

the planting age is less than 5 years, when the soil texture is clay and loam, the soil color is reddish or yellowish, gray or brown, or the organic matter content is medium or low, the soil fertility level is low, and when the soil color is black, or the soil organic matter content is high, the soil fertility level is medium; the soil texture is sandy; the soil fertility level is low;

the planting age is 5-10 years, when the soil texture is slime and loam, no matter the soil color, the soil organic matter content is medium or high, the soil fertility level is medium;

the planting age is more than or equal to 10 years, the soil texture is sandy, and the soil fertility level is medium no matter how the soil color is or when the soil organic matter content is higher than a medium level; when the soil texture is slime and loam, no matter how the soil color is, or when the soil organic matter content is higher than a medium level, the soil fertility level is high. The specific principles are summarized in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Further, the numerical values of the coefficients a, b, c of the one-dimensional quadratic equation between the agronomic efficiency of the facility tomato crop and the yield response of the facility tomato crop in step (4) are obtained by fitting a binomial curve to the test data of the facility tomato from the past 10-15 years, wherein:

binomial coefficients (a, b, c) for nitrogen (N) of the facility tomato: a is_N＝–0.0355，b_N＝3.6093，c_N＝1.5673，

Binomial coefficients (a, b, c) for facility tomato phosphorus (P): a is_P＝–0.4148，b_P＝17.0107，c_P＝12.7251，

Binomial coefficients (a, b, c) for potassium (K) of a facility tomato: a is_K＝–0.1359，b_K＝4.9118，c_K＝3.7294，

Namely:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a_N×(YRN)²+b_N×(YRN)+c_N＝-0.0355×(YRN)²+3.6093×(YRN)+1.5673，

AEP(kg/kg)＝a_P×(YRP)²+b_P×(YRP)+c_P＝-0.4148×(YRP)²+17.0107×(YRP)+12.7251，

AEK(kg/kg)＝a_K×(YRK)²+b_K×(YRK)+c_K＝-0.1359×(YRK)²+4.9118×(YRK)+3.7294。

further, the total amount of the corresponding nutrients applied in step (4) is:

N_{general assembly}(kg/ha)＝(YRN)×1000/[-0.0355×(YRN)²+3.6093×(YRN)+1.5673]，

P_{General assembly}(kg/ha)＝(YRP)×1000/[-0.4148×(YRP)²+17.0107×(YRP)+12.7251]，

K_{General assembly}(kg/ha)＝(YRK)×1000/[-0.1359×(YRK)²+4.9118×(YRK)+3.7294]。

Further, in the step (6), the facility tomato base-applied special fertilizer, the first cluster fruit swelling fertilizer, the second cluster fruit swelling fertilizer, the third cluster fruit swelling fertilizer, the fourth cluster fruit swelling fertilizer base N, P and the K nutrient supply amount determine the proportion of the corresponding special fertilizer base N, P and the K nutrient according to the growth requirements of the facility tomatoes in each growth stage, and the distribution is performed according to the total amount of the base N, P and the K nutrient provided by the facility tomato base-applied special fertilizer in the growth period, and the distribution principle is as follows:

the N nutrient is determined by the total nitrogen application. When N is present_{General assembly}When the fertilizer is more than or equal to 240(kg/ha), the fertilizer is distributed for 5 times, the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes consists of a special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, and the proportions of the fertilizer in the high-fertility soil, the medium-fertility soil and the low-fertility soil are respectively 15% -30% -15% -10%, 20% -25% -30% -15% -10% and 25% -25% -20% -15% -15%; when N is present_{General assembly}<240(kg/ha), the fertilizer is distributed for 4 times, and consists of a special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, wherein the proportions of the fertilizer in high-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and low-fertility soil are respectively 15% -30% -25%, 20% -30% -20% and 30% -25% -20%.

The fertilizer special for the facility tomatoes is composed of a fertilizer special for the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, and the proportion of the fertilizer special for the facility tomatoes is 70% -15%.

The K nutrient is distributed for 5 times, and consists of a special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expansion fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, which are respectively applied in a transplanting period, a first expansion period, a second expansion period, a third expansion period and a fourth expansion period, and the distribution proportion is 20-15-30-25-10%.

Further, the specific preparation steps of the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes in the step (6) are as follows:

converting the N to P ratio of the special fertilizer for the facility tomato according to the nutrient ratio of the special fertilizer for the facility tomato of N to P to K and/or N/N to P/N to K/N₂O₅:K₂Proportioning nutrients O;

according to the ratio of N to P of the special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes, the first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, the second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, the third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and the fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer/compound fertilizer standard, and the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the Bulk Blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer special for tomatoes in corresponding facilities are respectively determined₂O₅-K₂And (4) carrying out fertilizer preparation production after the grade of O.

The invention also provides a recommended application method of the special fertilizer for tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility, a calculation method for determining the application amount of the special fertilizer for tomatoes based on the yield response and soil fertility, and the recommended application method based on available yield, yield response and agronomic efficiency, which comprises the following steps:

determining the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility tomato crops in the corresponding planting areas according to the step (4)_{General assembly}Determining that N is provided by the special fertilizer for the facility tomato crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step (6) to account for the total nitrogen application amount N_{General assembly}Percentage m% of;

according to the special mixing (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P for the facility tomatoes₂O₅-K₂The concentration w% of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility tomato crops in corresponding planting areas_{General assembly}(kg/ha) and the special fertilizer N for the facility tomatoes in the corresponding planting area account for the total nitrogen application amount N_{General assembly}The percentage m% of the fertilizer is determined, and the recommended application amount of the facility tomato special fertilizer in the corresponding planting area is calculated by the formula 5:

recommended application amount of special fertilizer for facility tomatoes is N_{General assembly}(kg/ha) × m (%)/w (%) formula 5

Wherein m (%) is the percentage of the fertilizer N special for the facility tomatoes in the total nitrogen application amount, and w (%) is the blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P special for the facility tomatoes₂O₅-K₂Concentration (%) of N nutrients in O grade.

Further, the application method comprises the following steps:

when N is present_{General assembly}When the fertilizer is more than or equal to 240(kg/ha), the fertilizer is distributed for 5 times and is applied in a transplanting period, a first heading fruit expanding period, a second heading fruit expanding period, a third heading fruit expanding period and a fourth heading fruit expanding period respectively, and the recommended application amounts of the special fertilizer for basal application of the tomatoes in high, medium and low fertility soil facilities are respectively as follows: n is a radical of_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×15％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×20％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha). times.25%/w (%); the recommended application amounts of the first cluster fertilizer, the second cluster fertilizer, the third cluster fertilizer and the fourth cluster fertilizer in the special fertilizer for facility tomatoes are respectively as follows:

N_{general assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×15％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×10％/w(％)；

N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×25％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×15％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×10％/w(％)；

N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×25％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×20％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×15％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×15％/w(％)。

When N is present_{General assembly}<240(kg/ha), distributing for 4 times, applying in the transplanting period, the first, the second and the third panicle fruit expanding period, and applying in the high, medium and low fertility soil facilities, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of the tomatoes is respectively: n is a radical of_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×15％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×20％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha). times.30%/w (%); the recommended application rates of the first cluster fertilizer, the second cluster fertilizer, the third cluster fertilizer and the fourth cluster fertilizer in the special fertilizer for dressing the facility tomatoes are respectively as follows:

N_{general assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×25％/w(％)、0％；

N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×30％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×20％/w(％)、0％；

N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×25％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×25％/w(％)、N_{General assembly}(kg/ha)×20％/w(％)、0％。

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

1. the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes and the recommended application method based on the yield reaction and the soil fertility have the advantages that the crop rotation system, straw returning, nutrient residual effect of crops in the previous season, organic fertilizer application, atmosphere settlement, irrigation water and other source nutrients except the soil are taken into consideration. And (4) for tomato fertilizer preparation, calculating according to the nutrient amount required by crop yield reaction and the nutrient amount required by supplementing the aboveground moving amount of crops. And recommending tomato fertilization, obtaining the fertilizer according to the correlation between the agronomic efficiency and the yield response of the crops, and properly adjusting the fertilizer according to the specific information of the land parcel and the classification of the basic nutrient supply capacity of the soil.

2. Yield response and relative yield reflect the basal nutrient supply capacity of the soil, while agronomic efficiency reflects fertilizer effect. The yield response and the agronomic efficiency have obvious quadratic curve relationship, the agronomic efficiency is increased along with the continuous increase of the yield response, the yield response is continuously increased, and the increasing amplitude of the agronomic efficiency is gradually reduced. Since this relationship involves different environmental conditions, ground force levels. Therefore, the special fertilizer preparation and recommended application method for the facility tomatoes has regional characteristics and pertinence, and has guiding effects on special fertilizer culture production and reasonable fertilizer application.

3. The special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes and the recommended application method based on the yield response and the soil fertility overcome the blindness of the habit of farmers in applying fertilizers and the complexity and difficult operability of soil testing and fertilizer application, and are time-saving, labor-saving and high in operability. Meanwhile, the fertilizer is more beneficial to keeping the nutrient balance of soil and crops, thereby promoting the virtuous cycle and utilization of nutrients and reducing the risks of soil salinization, hardening and continuous cropping diseases caused by excessive or unbalanced fertilization.

4. According to the special fertilizer preparation and recommended application method for the facility tomatoes based on the yield response and the soil fertility, the nutrient requirement rule of the tomatoes is obtained by simulating according to a large amount of historical data, parameters comprise wide varieties and environmental condition information in China, the method has general guiding significance, can be applied to tomato planting areas in various places in China, has strong applicability, and can meet the requirements of fertilizer preparation production and recommended application in regional scale.

5. The special fertilizer for the protected tomatoes based on the yield response and the soil fertility and the recommended application method conform to the 4R principle, namely, the proper fertilizer type is selected, the proper dosage is used, and the fertilizer is applied to the proper position in the proper time so as to meet the nutrient requirement of crops and achieve the synchronization of supply and demand.

6. The invention relates to a fertilizer preparation and recommended application method for a facility tomato special fertilizer based on yield response and soil fertility, which is a simplified fertilizer preparation and recommended application method based on yield response and agronomic efficiency and established based on yield response and agronomic efficiency according to the internal relation of soil basic nutrient supply, crop yield response and agronomic efficiency and the optimal nutrient absorption and utilization characteristic parameters of the facility tomato with general guiding significance on the basis of establishing a database containing yield response, agronomic efficiency and nutrient absorption and utilization information of the facility tomato on the basis of summarizing fertilizer field experiments conducted in the past ten years across the country.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph of nitrogen yield response versus nitrogen agronomic efficiency for a facility tomato of example 1;

FIG. 2 is a graph of phosphorus yield response versus phosphorus agronomic efficiency for facility tomatoes according to example 1;

FIG. 3 is a graph of potassium agronomic efficiency as a function of potassium production response for facility tomatoes according to example 1;

wherein: x is yield response, y is agronomic efficiency, R²Is the correlation coefficient.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Example 1

In this example, Shixinzhu is conducted at Tutunzhen in Diwu area of Tianjin, and the protected tomato cultivation crop rotation is a spring crop-autumn postponed cultivation mode.

The test site field is a corresponding normal field, the average yield level of the facility tomatoes in the past 5 years is 120t/ha, and the obtainable yield of the facility tomatoes is increased by 10% on the basis of the average yield level in the past 5 years, namely the obtainable yield Ya of the facility tomatoes is 120t/ha x (1+ 10%) -132 t/ha.

The soil fertility grade of the test site field is medium fertility soil, the content of organic matters in the field soil of the test site is 2.3%, the content of quick-acting nitrogen is 134mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 76mg/kg, and the content of quick-acting potassium is 186 mg/kg. From Table 1, yield reaction coefficient k_N＝0.111、k_P＝0.095、k_K0.122; the yield response is calculated from the formula YR ═ Ya × k, i.e.:

YRN(t/ha)＝Ya(t/ha)×k_N＝132t/ha×0.111＝14.65t/ha；

YRP(t/ha)＝Ya(t/ha)×k_P＝132t/ha×0.095＝12.54t/ha；

YRK(t/ha)＝Ya(t/ha)×k_K＝132t/ha×0.122＝16.10t/ha；

the Agronomic Efficiency (AE) of the field facility tomato crop at the test site is represented by the formula AE (kg/kg) ═ a × (YR)²+ b × (YR) + c, wherein:

binomial coefficients (a, b, c) for nitrogen (N) of the facility tomato are shown in FIG. 1: a is_N＝–0.0355，b_N＝3.6093，c_N＝1.5673；

Binomial coefficients (a, b, c) of facility tomato phosphorus (P) are shown in fig. 2: a is_P＝–0.4148，b_P＝17.0107，c_P＝12.7251；

Binomial coefficients (a, b, c) for potassium (K) in the facility tomato are shown in FIG. 3: a is_K＝–0.1359，b_K＝4.9118，c_K＝3.7294；

Namely:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a_N×(YRN)²+b_N×(YRN)+c_N＝-0.0355×(YRN)²+3.6093×(YRN)+1.5673＝-0.0355×14.65²+3.6093×14.65+1.5673＝46.82；

AEP(kg/kg)＝a_P×(YRP)²+b_P×(YRP)+c_P＝-0.4148×(YRP)²+17.0107×(YRP)+12.7251＝-0.41481×12.54²+17.0107×12.54+12.7251＝160.81；

AEK(kg/kg)＝a_K×(YRK)²+b_K×(YRK)+c_K＝-0.1359×(YRK)²+4.9118×(YRK)+3.7294＝-0.1359×16.10²+4.9118×16.10+3.7294＝47.58；

the total amount of N, P and K applied to the field facility tomato crop at the test site is given by the formula M_{General assembly}(kg/ha) ═ YR (t/ha) × 1000/AE (kg/kg), where:

N_{general assembly}(kg/ha)＝(YRN)×1000/AEN＝14.65t/ha×1000/46.82＝312.90kg/ha；

P_{General assembly}(kg/ha)＝(YRP)×1000/AEP＝12.54t/ha×1000/160.81＝77.98kg/ha；

K_{General assembly}(kg/ha)＝(YRK)×1000/AEK＝16.10t/ha×1000/47.58＝338.38kg/ha；

The special fertilizer for the tomatoes in the field facilities of the test sites has the advantages that the ratio of N to P to K is 312.90 to 77.98 to 338.38, and the ratio of N to P to N to K to N is 1.00 to 0.25 to 1.08 by conversion with N as a standard.

Total nitrogen application amount N of test site field_{General assembly}More than or equal to 240(kg/ha), the N nutrient is applied for 5 times, the fertilizer is composed of a special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied in a transplanting period, a first expanding period, a second expanding period, a third expanding period and a fourth expanding period respectively, and the proportion of the fertilizer to medium fertility soil is 20-25-30-15-10 percent respectively.

The nutrient P of the field block of the test site is applied in a transplanting period and a first cluster fruit expanding period and a second cluster fruit expanding period, and consists of a special fertilizer for basal application of facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, wherein the proportion of the fertilizer is 70-15 percent;

the K nutrient in the field block of the test site is applied according to 5 times, and consists of a special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expansion fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, which are respectively applied in a transplanting period, a first expansion period, a second expansion period, a third expansion period and a fourth expansion period, and the proportion of the K nutrient is 20-15-30-25-10%.

The results of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio after the fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrients special for the field facility tomatoes at the test sites are distributed according to the fertilizing measures are summarized in Table 4.

TABLE 4

The ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N nutrients distributed according to the fertilizing measures is converted into the special fertilizer N to P for the facility tomatoes₂O₅:K₂The results of the O nutrient ratios are summarized in Table 5.

TABLE 5

From Table 5, the special fertilizer for basal application of facility tomatoes is expressed in N: P₂O₅:K₂The fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion of N: P in the first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer in the special fertilizer for dressing the facility tomatoes₂O₅:K₂Mixing with 1.00:0.34: 0.78O, and adding N: P to obtain the second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer₂O₅:K₂Mixing with 1.00:0.29: 1.30O, and adding N: K₂Mixing with 1.00: 2.16O, and adding K to the fourth cluster fruit swelling fertilizer₂And (4) preparing the fertilizer when O is 1.00: 1.30.

1. Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer preparation method for greenhouse tomatoes

The total nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes is prepared and produced according to 45%.

According to the N-P in the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard₂O₅-K₂The requirement of O grade is based on the special fertilizer N: P for the facility tomatoes₂O₅:K₂O is proportioned according to the formula of N-P₂O₅-K₂O (total nitrogen-phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide) sequence, and the formula of the special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes is N-P₂O₅-K₂O10.47-20.93-13.60, and the first cluster fruit swelling fertilizer has the formula of N-P₂O₅-K₂O21.23-7.22-16.56, and the second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer has the formula of N-P₂O₅-K₂O is 17.37-5.04-22.59, and the third panicle fruit expanding fertilizer is N-P₂O₅-K₂14.24-0.0-30.76 of O, and the fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer has the formula of N-P₂O₅-K₂O ═ 19.57-0.0-25.43. The raw materials and the amounts of the fertilizers special for tomatoes in each ton of facilities are summarized in table 6.

TABLE 6

1.1 facility tomato basal application special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated according to dry base fertilizer per ton)

(1) Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer for basal application of facility tomatoes

116.39kg of granular urea, 465.11kg of monoammonium phosphate, 136.00kg of potassium sulfate, 113.33kg of potassium chloride and 169.17kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for basal application of tomatoes in facilities.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for basal application of greenhouse tomatoes

116.39kg of urea, 465.11kg of monoammonium phosphate, 136.00kg of potassium sulfate, 113.33kg of potassium chloride and 169.17kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and then dried, cooled, screened, measured and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for basal application of tomatoes in facilities.

1.2 facility tomato first ear fruit expansion special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer production (calculated according to dry basis fertilizer per ton)

(1) Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer for first cluster fruit of greenhouse tomato

423.15kg of granular urea, 160.44kg of monoammonium phosphate, 165.60kg of potassium sulfate, 138.00kg of potassium chloride and 112.80kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the first cluster fruit swelling mixed fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for the facility tomatoes.

(2) Compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for expanding first panicle fruit of protected tomatoes

Weighing 423.15kg of urea, 160.44kg of monoammonium phosphate, 165.60kg of potassium sulfate, 138.00kg of potassium chloride and 112.80kg of filler, fully and uniformly mixing in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, conveying the mixture into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by using a belt conveyor for granulation, and drying, cooling, screening, metering and packaging to obtain the first cluster fruit swelling compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes.

1.3 facility tomato second ear fruit expansion special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer production (calculated according to dry basis fertilizer per ton)

(1) Facility tomato second-ear fruit expanding blending (BB) fertilizer

350.83kg of granular urea, 112.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 225.90kg of potassium sulfate, 188.25kg of potassium chloride and 123.02kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the second cluster fruit expanding blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for the facility tomatoes.

(2) Compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for expanding second panicle fruit of greenhouse tomatoes

Weighing 350.83kg of urea, 112.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 225.90kg of potassium sulfate, 188.25kg of potassium chloride and 123.02kg of filler, fully and uniformly mixing in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, conveying the mixture into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by using a belt conveyor for granulation, and drying, cooling, screening, metering and packaging to obtain the second cluster fruit swelling compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes.

1.4 production of Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton of dry basis) for third cluster fruit of facility tomato

(1) Facility tomato third cluster fruit expanding blending (BB) fertilizer

309.57kg of granular urea, 307.60kg of potassium sulfate, 256.33kg of potassium chloride and 126.50kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the third cluster fruit expanded blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for the facility tomatoes.

(2) Third cluster fruit expanding compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes

309.57kg of urea, 307.60kg of potassium sulfate, 256.33kg of potassium chloride and 126.50kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and then dried, cooled, sieved, metered and packaged to obtain the third panicle fruit expanded compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes.

1.5 production of Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton dry basis) for fourth ear fruit expansion of facility tomato

(1) Facility tomato fourth spike fruit expanding blending (BB) fertilizer

425.43kg of granular urea, 254.30kg of potassium sulfate, 211.92kg of potassium chloride and 108.35kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the fourth cluster fruit expanding bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for the facility tomatoes.

(2) Compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for fourth cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes

425.43kg of urea, 254.30kg of potassium sulfate, 211.92kg of potassium chloride and 108.35kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and then dried, cooled, sieved, metered and packaged to obtain the fourth cluster fruit swelling compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes.

2. Recommended application amount of blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer special for greenhouse tomatoes

The application amount of the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes is converted by taking the total nitrogen application amount of the facility tomatoes in the whole growth period as a standard. The method comprises the following specific steps:

2.1 Total Nitrogen application during the Whole growth phase of facility tomatoes

The total nitrogen application amount of the whole growth period of the facility tomatoes is determined according to the nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) of the facility tomato crops in the corresponding planting areas and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the facility tomato crops in the corresponding planting areas. From the formula N_{General assembly}(kg/ha) ═ YRN (t/ha) × 1000/AEN (kg/kg). Wherein, the nitrogen yield reaction YRN of the facility tomatoes is 14.65t/ha, and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN is 46.82 (kg/kg).

Facility tomato N_{General assembly}＝YRN×1000/AEN＝14.65t/ha×1000/46.82＝312.90kg/ha。

2.2 application rates of Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for facility tomatoes

In medium-fertility soil, the percentage m (%) of the first cluster fertilizer, the second cluster fertilizer, the third cluster fertilizer and the fourth cluster fertilizer N in the special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes and the special fertilizer for additional application of the facility tomatoes in the total nitrogen application amount is respectively 20% -25% -30% -15% -10%.

(1) Special mixing (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer application amount for basal application of greenhouse tomatoes

The special blended (BB) fertilizer or compound fertilizer for basal application of the greenhouse tomatoes and/or the grade (formula) of the compound fertilizer is N-P₂O₅-K₂O ═ 10.47-20.93-13.60, w (%) -10.47%; namely:

special mixed (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer recommended application amount (kg/ha) N for facility tomato basal application_{General assembly}(kg/ha) × m (%)/w (%) (312.90 kgN/ha × 20%/10.47%: 597.71 kg/ha) applied before transplantation and permanent planting;

(2) special application amount of Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for first cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes

The grade (formula) of a special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer or compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the first cluster fruit expansion of the protected tomatoes is N-P₂O₅-K₂O＝21.23-7.22-16.56，w(％)＝21.23％；

Namely: special mixing (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer recommended application rate (kg/ha) N for first cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes_{General assembly}(kg/ha) × m (%)/w (%) (312.90 kgN/ha × 25%/21.23%: 368.46 kg/ha) applied during the first cluster expansion period;

(3) special application amount of Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for second cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes

The grade (formula) of the blended (BB) fertilizer or compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer special for the second cluster fruit expansion of the greenhouse tomatoes is N-P₂O₅-K₂O ═ 17.37-5.04-22.59, w (%) -17.37%; namely:

special mixing (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer recommended application rate (kg/ha) N for second cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes_{General assembly}(kg/ha) × m (%)/w (%) (312.90 kgN/ha × 30%/17.37% > (540.41 kg/ha) applied during the second cluster expansion period;

(4) special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer application amount for third panicle expansion of facility tomatoes

The grade (formula) of a special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer or compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the third cluster expansion of the facility tomatoes is N-P₂O₅-K₂O-14.24-0.0-30.76, w (%) -14.24%; namely:

the recommended application amount (kg/ha) of a special mixing (BB) fertilizer and/or a compound fertilizer for the third cluster expansion of the facility tomatoes is N_{General assembly}(kg/ha) × m (%)/w (%) (312.90 kgN/ha × 15%/14.24%: 329.60 kg/ha) was applied at the third panicle expansion stage.

(5) Application amount of BB fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer special for fourth cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes

Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer or compound fertilizer for fourth cluster fruit expansion of facility tomatoesThe grade (matching formula) of the fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is N-P₂O₅-K₂O ═ 19.57-0.0-25.43, w (%) -19.57%; namely:

special mixing (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer recommended application rate (kg/ha) ═ N for fourth cluster fruit expansion of greenhouse tomatoes_{General assembly}(kg/ha) × m (%)/w (%) (312.90 kgN/ha × 10%/19.57%: 159.89 kg/ha) was applied at the third panicle expansion stage.

3. Effects of the embodiments

In this example, two control treatments were set for field trials to compare with the method of the present invention, specifically as follows: CK (no nitrogenous fertilizer treatment) and FP (high nitrogenous fertilizer treatment). Wherein the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer (P) for FP treatment of facility tomatoes is 450kg/ha₂O₅) The dosage of the fertilizer is 350kg/ha, potassium fertilizer (K)₂O) was used in an amount of 460 kg/ha.

Total output of each treatment in the production of facility tomatoes, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer (P)₂O₅) And potash fertilizer (K)₂O) partial productivity results are summarized in Table 7.

TABLE 7

As can be seen from Table 7, the application of the fertilizer can significantly increase the tomato yield, and the application of the method of the invention can make the total tomato yield substantially equal to the yield of high-fertilizer treatment (applied by farmers) without significant difference. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment of farmers, the total tomato yield is increased by 4.67% by applying the special fertilizer for facility tomatoes under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by 30.47%, the phosphate fertilizer dosage by 48.98% and the potassium fertilizer dosage by 11.73%.

Compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment of farmers, the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes provided by the invention obviously improves the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, and respectively improves the productivity by 127.4 kg, 340.7 kg and 45.8kg/kg compared with the high fertilizer application amount treatment (the conventional fertilizer application of farmers).

The results show that the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes can keep high yield of the tomatoes under the premise of obviously reducing the using amount of nitrogen, and obviously improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for the tomatoes.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A fertilizer preparation method of a special fertilizer for protected tomatoes based on yield response and soil fertility is characterized by comprising the following steps:

YR ═ Yaxk formula 1

YR ═ yield of fertilization plot-yield of vegetarian plot 2

Wherein Ya is the available yield, and k is the yield reaction coefficient;

M_{general assembly}YR 1000 AE 3

AE＝a×(YR)²+ b × (YR) + c formula 4

(6) adjusting the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes obtained in the step (5) according to a fertilizing measure; preparing a special blended fertilizer and/or a compound fertilizer for the facility tomatoes according to the obtained special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes with the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N; the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the protected tomatoes respectively comprises a base application special fertilizer, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer.

2. The special fertilizer preparation method for facility tomatoes based on the yield response and the soil fertility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the yield response coefficient k in step (3) is based on the soil fertility level and previous history data, and the relationship between the yield of the facility tomato planting area and the fertilizer yield increase effect is established by applying regression analysis.

3. The fertilizer preparation method for the facility tomato based on the yield response and the soil fertility as claimed in claim 2, wherein the corresponding relation between the yield response coefficient k and the soil fertility level is as follows: when the level of soil fertility is low, k_NIs 0.230, k_PIs 0.125, k_KIs 0.212; when the soil fertility level is middle, k_NIs 0.111, k_PIs 0.095, k_KIs 0.122; when the level of soil fertility is high, k_NIs 0.078, k_PIs 0.039, k_KWas 0.084.

4. The fertilizer preparation method for the protected tomatoes based on the yield response and the soil fertility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil fertility level grade in step (3) is classified into low, medium and high level grades according to the soil organic matter content and the measurement result of available nitrogen nutrients, and the classification principle of the soil fertility level grade is as follows:

dividing principle of soil organic matter content: the soil organic matter content is less than 1.5%, 1.5% -2.5% and more than 2.5% respectively corresponding to the low, medium and high levels of the soil fertility level;

dividing the principle of the soil available nitrogen nutrient supply capacity: if the quick-acting nitrogen is more than 150mg/kg, upgrading the low grade and the medium grade corresponding to the measured value of the organic matter content into a medium grade and a high grade; and if the quick-acting nitrogen is less than 100mg/kg, degrading the corresponding high grade to the medium grade according to the measured value of the organic matter content.

5. The fertilizer preparation method for the protected tomatoes based on the yield response and the soil fertility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil fertility level grade in step (3) is classified into low, medium and high level grades according to the planting age of vegetables in the plot and with the information of the texture, color and organic matter content of the soil in the plot, and the classification principle of the soil fertility level grade is as follows:

the planting age is less than 5 years, when the soil texture is slime and loam, the soil color is reddish or yellowish, gray or brown, or the organic matter content is medium or low, the soil fertility level is low; when the color of the soil is black or the content of organic matters in the soil is high, the soil fertility level is medium; the soil texture is sandy, and the soil fertility level is low;

the planting age is more than or equal to 10 years, the soil texture is sandy, and the soil fertility level is medium no matter how the soil color is or when the soil organic matter content is higher than a medium level; when the soil texture is slime and loam, no matter how the soil color is, or when the soil organic matter content is higher than a medium level, the soil fertility level is high.

6. The method for fertilizing special for facility tomatoes based on the yield response and soil fertility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the numerical values of the coefficients a, b and c of the one-dimensional quadratic equation between the agronomic efficiency of the facility tomato crop and the yield response of the facility tomato crop in the step (4) are obtained by fitting a binomial curve to the test data of the facility tomatoes from 10 to 15 years.

7. The fertilizer preparation method for the facility tomato based on the yield response and the soil fertility according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the facility tomato base application special fertilizer and the first cluster fruit swelling fertilizer, the second cluster fruit swelling fertilizer, the third cluster fruit swelling fertilizer, the fourth cluster fruit swelling fertilizer base N, P and the K nutrient supply amount determine the proportion of the corresponding special fertilizer base N, P and the K nutrient according to the growth requirements of the facility tomato in each growth stage, and are distributed according to the total amount of the base N, P and the K nutrient provided by the facility tomato base application fertilizer in the growth stage; the basic N, P and K nutrient total amount distribution principle provided by the corresponding special fertilizer is as follows:

special fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes, according to the formula N_{General assembly}Determining:

when N is present_{General assembly}When the fertilizer is more than or equal to 240kg/ha, the special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes consists of a special fertilizer for the facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, a third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and a fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, and the proportions of the fertilizer in the high-fertility soil, the medium-fertility soil and the low-fertility soil are respectively 15% -30% -15% -10%, 20% -25% -30% -15% -10% and 25% -25% -20% -15%;

when N is present_{General assembly}<Distributing for 4 times at 240kg/ha, wherein the fertilizer consists of a special fertilizer for basal application of facility tomatoes, a first cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, a second cluster fruit expansion fertilizer and a third cluster fruit expansion fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied in a transplanting period, a first cluster fruit expansion period, a second cluster fruit expansion period and a third cluster fruit expansion period respectively, and the proportions of the fertilizer in high-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and low-fertility soil are respectively 15% -30% -25%, 20% -30% -20% and 30% -25% -20%;

fertilizer special for protected tomatoes according to P_{General assembly}Determining: are all made ofThe method comprises the following steps of distributing in a transplanting period, a first cluster fruit expanding period and a second cluster fruit expanding period, wherein the distribution ratio of the high-fertility soil, the medium-fertility soil and the low-fertility soil is 70% -15%;

special fertilizer K for protected tomatoes_{General assembly}Determining: the method is distributed in a transplanting period, a first cluster fruit expansion period, a second cluster fruit expansion period, a third cluster fruit expansion period and a fourth cluster fruit expansion period, and the distribution ratio of the high, medium and low fertility soils is 20-15-30-25-10%.

8. The fertilizer preparation method for the special fertilizer for the protected facility tomatoes based on the yield reaction and the soil fertility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific preparation steps of the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer for the protected facility tomatoes in the step (6) are as follows:

according to the ratio of N to P of the special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes, the first cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, the second cluster fruit expanding fertilizer, the third cluster fruit expanding fertilizer and the fourth cluster fruit expanding fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer/compound fertilizer standard, the content of the special mixed fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for tomatoes in the corresponding facilities and the corresponding N-P₂O₅-K₂And (4) carrying out fertilizer preparation production after the grade of O.

9. A recommended application method of facility tomato special fertilizer based on yield response and soil fertility, characterized in that the calculation method for determining the application amount of facility tomato special fertilizer based on yield response and soil fertility in any one of claims 1-8 comprises the following steps:

according to settingSpecial mixed fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P for applying tomatoes₂O₅-K₂The concentration w% of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility tomato crops in corresponding planting areas_{General assembly}And the fertilizer N special for the facility tomatoes in the corresponding planting areas accounts for the total nitrogen application amount N_{General assembly}The percentage m% of the fertilizer is determined, and the recommended application amount of the facility tomato special fertilizer in the corresponding planting area is calculated by the formula 5:

recommended application rate is N_{General assembly}X m%/w% of formula 5

Wherein m% is the percentage of the fertilizer N special for the facility tomatoes in the total nitrogen application amount, and w% is the blended fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P special for the facility tomatoes₂O₅-K₂Concentration of N nutrients in O grade.

10. The recommended application method of the facility tomato special fertilizer based on yield response and soil fertility is as follows:

when N is present_{General assembly}When the yield is more than or equal to 240kg/ha, distributing for 5 times, applying in the transplanting period, the first, the second, the third and the fourth spike fruit expanding period respectively, and in the high, medium and low fertility soil, the recommended application amount of the facility tomato basal application special fertilizer is respectively: n is a radical of_{General assembly}×15％/w％、N_{General assembly}×20％/w％、N_{General assembly}X 25%/w%; the recommended application rates of the first cluster fertilizer, the second cluster fertilizer, the third cluster fertilizer and the fourth cluster fertilizer of the facility tomato are respectively as follows: n is a radical of_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×15％/w％、N_{General assembly}×10％/w％，N_{General assembly}×25％/w％、N_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×15％/w％、N_{General assembly}×10％/w％，N_{General assembly}×25％/w％、N_{General assembly}×20％/w％、N_{General assembly}×15％/w％、N_{General assembly}×15％/w％；

When N is present_{General assembly}<240kg/ha, distributing for 4 times, applying in the transplanting period, the first, the second and the third spike fruit expanding period, in the high, medium and low fertility soil, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of the facility tomatoes is as follows: n is a radical of_{General assembly}×15％/w％、N_{General assembly}×20％/w％、N_{General assembly}X 25%/w%; the recommended application rates of the first cluster fertilizer, the second cluster fertilizer, the third cluster fertilizer and the fourth cluster fertilizer of the facility tomato are respectively as follows: n is a radical of_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×25％/w％；N_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×30％/w％、N_{General assembly}×20％/w％，N_{General assembly}×25％/w％、N_{General assembly}×25％/w％、N_{General assembly}×20％/w％。