CN113598035A - Machine-transplanted rice tray-free soilless seedling raising method with rock wool as matrix - Google Patents
Machine-transplanted rice tray-free soilless seedling raising method with rock wool as matrix Download PDFInfo
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- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a machine-transplanted rice diskless and soilless seedling raising method taking rock wool as a matrix. The base soil fertilizer is generally 500m per2About 15Kg of compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied, meanwhile, water-soluble medium and trace element fertilizer can be applied, water is added for spraying or irrigating the seedlings, spraying is carried out for 8 days continuously from the 2-3 leaf stage, and 160Kg of nutrient solution is sprayed every 500 square meters of seedling bed every day. The invention has the characteristics of simple and convenient seedling raising operation, accurate and uniform seeding, high seed emergence rate and seedling rate, low seedling raising cost, immunity of seedlings to seedling blight and rice blast, good seedling quality, capability of large-seedling machine transplanting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine-transplanted rice tray-free soilless seedling raising method taking rock wool as a matrix, in particular to a hybrid rice tray-free soilless seedling raising method.
Background
The seedling raising is an important link of rice production, particularly the hybrid rice has strong tillering capability, and thin sowing is needed to cultivate strong seedlings with tillering. The rice seedling raising method is various, the adopted seedling raising method is different, and the types of the seedlings are different. The seedlings can be divided into small seedlings, medium seedlings and large seedlings according to the different leaf ages of the transplanted seedlings; the seedlings can be divided into water seedling raising, wet seedling raising and dry seedling raising according to different seedling raising methods. For machine-transplanted or hybrid rice, double-mode disc-free slurry seedling raising is adopted in the early stage, and the slurry seedling raising has the characteristics of low seedling raising cost, simplicity, convenience and practicability, the method is low in seed emergence rate and seedling rate, the seed using amount needs to be increased, the cost is increased, the seed using amount is increased, and the waste is increased; the method of high-density sowing can reduce the missing rate of mechanical transplanting. In recent years, soft or hard disk dry soil or matrix is adopted for seedling raising to meet the requirements of greenhouse seedling raising, particularly factory facility seedling raising, but the operation links in the seedling raising process are more, the seedling raising cost is high, and diseases such as soft rot, damping off and the like are easy to occur particularly in early spring and low temperature condition for seedling raising. In fact, both mud-wet seedling raising and dry soil or substrate seedling raising are the seedling raising with the substrate with soil or soil doped with the soil, and the soil or the substrate has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention and seedling root system fixation. However, the soft disc and the hard disc which take soil or substrate as a carrier have the problems of difficult soil taking and breaking, high substrate production and transportation cost, requirement of a special seedling tray, a seedling placing tray and a seedling recycling tray, necessity of soil and substrate disinfection and the like, and particularly, diseases such as damping off, rice blast and the like are more easily generated in the dry seedling cultivation than in the wet seedling cultivation. The mechanical transplanting is different from manual transplanting, the mechanical transplanting has very high requirements on the quality of seedlings, the seedlings can not have dead seedlings and rotten seedlings, and the seedlings are required to grow uniformly and uniformly so as to ensure that the missing transplanting rate of the mechanical transplanting is within 5 percent. In production, the seeds are mainly sown in high density, such as 110-140g seeds in each tray of a 9-inch tray and 80-100g seeds in each tray of a 7-inch tray. Therefore, the invention provides a tray-free soilless (substrate) seedling raising method which has the advantages of simple and convenient seedling raising operation, accurate and uniform seeding, high seed emergence rate and seedling rate, low seedling raising cost, immunity of seedlings against diseases such as rhizoctonia rot and rice blast and capability of transplanting the seedlings by a large-seedling machine, and has extremely important significance for accelerating the popularization and application of the mechanical transplanting technology of the rice, especially the hybrid rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a machine-transplanted rice taking rock wool as a matrix, in particular to a diskless and soilless seedling raising method for hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps of preparing a seedling bed, fertilizing the seedling bed, preparing a seedling raising matrix, treating seeds, accurately sowing, covering films and watering, managing a seedling bed and the like, wherein the main seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) preparing a seedling bed. The rice field, the dry land and the cement terrace can be selected as seedling raising fields, wherein when the rice field and the dry land are selected as seedling beds, weeds are required to be removed, the seedling beds are leveled, and furrows and compartments are required to be separated, and the compartment length of the seedling bed is about 1800cm, the compartment width is 133 cm, the trench width is 23-25cm, and the trench depth is 13-15 cm. When the seedlings are raised in cement land, cofferdam is needed around the seedling bed to prevent rich water from overflowing, yellow mud or other materials can be selected, and the periphery of the seedling bed is blocked by the yellow mud or other materials after seeding so as to prevent water seepage and fertilizer leakage.
(2) Fertilizing the seedling bed.Before sowing, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is spread on the seedling bed as base soil fertilizer, and after the seeds are grown, the water-soluble medium-trace element fertilizer is sprayed or irrigated as seedling fertilizer. The base soil fertilizer is generally 500m per2About 15Kg of compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied, the proportion is 15% N + 15% P2O5+15％K2O; the formula of the water-soluble medium trace element fertilizer comprises the following components: 100g of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4)300g of manganese sulfate (MnSO)4)200g of zinc sulfate (ZnSO)4)50g of borax (Na)2B4O7.10H2O)100g, copper sulfate (CuSO)4)10g, EDTA about 10mL, adding 160kg of water to spray or water the seedlings, continuously spraying for 8 days in the 2-3 leaf period, and spraying 160kg of nutrient water solution every 500 square meters of seedling bed every day.
(3) And (3) preparing a matrix. The rock wool is used as seedling raising substrate instead of bottom soil, i.e. a layer of woven bag cloth and a layer of non-woven cloth are firstly laid on the seedling bed, and a layer of rock wool with the thickness of about 12-15mm is laid on the non-woven cloth, and the specification of the rock wool is adapted to the seedling bed, and can be generally 120mm multiplied by 100 cm. Before laying, the rock wool is sprayed with water to moisten the rock wool, and after laying, the rock wool is watered and thoroughly moistened. Cutting the seedling blocks according to the requirements of the seedling planting machine before transplanting. Because the rock wool is short fiber cotton formed by high-temperature puffing of potassium feldspar, the rock wool has the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention, air permeability, vegetable soil loosening and no disease, worm and grass pollution, and the main component of the rock wool is SiO2And the soil-free high-quality organic fertilizer is characterized by containing no heavy metal, and is a high-quality material for replacing soil or matrix to cultivate machine-transplanted rice, particularly hybrid rice seedlings. And covering a seedling raising substrate or agricultural cellucotton after sowing, wherein the covered seedling raising substrate is a mixture of fermented rice hulls and fermented vegetable cakes.
(4) And (4) seed treatment. The seeds are dried or dried in the sun and then are winnowed to obtain full seeds. The plump seeds are coated, the seeds are directly sown in the dry mode without germination, the used seed coating agent contains active ingredients such as insecticide, bactericide, plant growth regulator, trace element fertilizer and the like, and the coating film agent is a polymer semipermeable membrane with water permeability and air permeability functions. The semipermeable membrane can be prepared by milling chitosan with superfine powder, or directly purchased from the market. The coated seeds can be stored for 4-6 months at normal temperature, and no bactericide or insecticide is needed to be sprayed during the period from sowing to transplanting (within 30 days) for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) And (5) accurate seeding. The precise sowing can be realized by adopting 3 methods: firstly, adopting printing positioning seeding, namely adhering the coated seeds to reed paper by using starch glue, wherein the seeding density is 7mm multiplied by 7mm for early rice, and is 14mm multiplied by 14mm for middle rice and late rice; secondly, precision drilling is adopted, namely seeds are uniformly sown on the groove-shaped plate by the seed sowing device, the seeds are uniformly pushed to the sowing groove under the action of the vibrator, precision drilling is realized, one row is sown every 14mm, the row width is 5-7mm, and the row depth is 4-5 mm; thirdly, double-layer sowing plates are adopted for positioning sowing, namely rectangular seed holes (the aperture is 10-12mm multiplied by 5-7mm) with fixed specifications are drilled in the upper layer sowing plate, the seed holes correspond to the rock wool holes one by one, when the lower layer plate is pulled out, seeds naturally fall into the rock wool holes to realize positioning sowing, the sowing density is 14mm multiplied by 5-7mm for early rice, and the sowing density is 14mm multiplied by 8-10mm for middle rice and late rice.
(6) And (5) coating and watering. After sowing, the seeds need to be covered for protection and watered to soak the seeds for germination. Firstly, the seeds are covered with blanket-shaped agricultural cellucotton with the thickness of about 5-7mm, or covered with commodity seedling raising matrix with the thickness of about 5-7mm or homemade seedling raising matrix, and secondly, the whole seedling bed is watered and moistened after the seedling raising matrix or the cellucotton is covered, so that the seedling bed is kept moist.
(7) And (5) managing the rice seedling bed. For double-season early rice seedling raising, after sowing and covering a substrate, an arch-lapping covering film is required to be waterproof and heat-insulated, and when the temperature in the film reaches about 35 ℃, the film is uncovered for ventilation; for raising seedlings of middle-season rice and late-season rice, after sowing and covering, non-woven fabrics need to be spread and covered to prevent rainstorm to wash seeds, and when the seedlings are in a 2-3 leaf stage, the non-woven fabrics are uncovered. If the seedlings are raised in high-temperature (above 34 ℃), a sunshade net needs to be covered on the seedling bed in an arched manner to prevent the moist non-woven fabrics from scalding the sprouted grains.
The invention has the characteristics of simple and convenient seedling raising operation, accurate and uniform seeding, high seed emergence rate and seedling rate, low seedling raising cost, immunity of seedlings to seedling blight and rice blast, good seedling quality, capability of large-seedling machine transplanting and the like. (1) The method for raising the seedlings does not need to use a soft disc and a hard disc, does not need to take the foreign soil, dry, crush and sieve the foreign soil, does not need to arrange and collect the disc, can greatly save labor force, and reduces the soil taking cost by 20-25 yuan per mu of field. Meanwhile, the technical problems that soil is difficult to fetch and even does not have soil for large-scale seedling raising in successive years are solved;
(2) the agricultural rock wool is ultra-short fiber cotton formed by high-temperature puffing potassium feldspar, has good water and air permeability, and is favorable for seed germination, seed emergence and seedling growth. Meanwhile, the main component of the agricultural rock wool is silicon dioxide, and the agricultural rock wool and the rock wool have the function of loosening soil at a seedling hole (stump) part after being transplanted to a field, so that tillering of the seedling after being transplanted by a seedling machine is early and quick.
(3) The method for raising the seedlings is adopted, and rock wool replaces screened fine soil or commercial matrix for raising the seedlings, so that the influence of disease, pest and weed on the growth of the seedlings through soil spreading is avoided, and the seedlings are immune to seedling diseases such as seedling blight, seedling rot and the like. Meanwhile, the fertilizer is applied to seedbed soil under rock wool, so that the problems of bud rot, seedling burning and seedling death caused by overhigh concentration of soil or matrix fertilizer are avoided.
(4) Compared with the traditional method for raising rice seedlings by sieving fine soil or raising rice seedlings by mud, the rice seedlings raised by the method are robust, have developed root systems and grow early and quickly after being transplanted by a machine. The seedling green turning period is shorter than that of the seedling cultivated by the traditional method by 2-3 days, and the seedling rate of the germinated seed is improved by more than 20 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a machine-transplanted rice diskless soilless seedling raising method taking rock wool as a matrix, which comprises the following steps of applying a base soil fertilizer on a selected seedbed, firstly laying a layer of woven bag cloth and a layer of non-woven fabric on the base soil fertilizer, then laying a layer of rock wool with the thickness of about 12-15mm on the non-woven fabric, and sowing rice seeds on the rock wool, wherein the main seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedling bed. The rice field, the dry land and the cement terrace can be selected as seedling raising fields, wherein when the rice field and the dry land are selected as seedling beds, weeds are firstly removed, the seedling beds are leveled, furrows are dug and separated, and the operation and the drainage are convenient. The length of the box of the seedling bed is about 1800cm, the width of the box is 133-135cm, the width of the ditch is 23-25cm, and the depth of the ditch is 13-15 cm. When the seedlings are raised in cement land, the hard bottom layer cannot retain water and fertilizer, cofferdam is needed around the seedling bed to prevent fertilizer water from overflowing, yellow mud or other materials can be selected, and the periphery of the seedling bed is blocked by the yellow mud or other materials after sowing to prevent water seepage and fertilizer leakage. The height and width of the cofferdam can be adjusted according to local climate and season, so as to achieve the purposes of water and fertilizer retention without influencing the growth of seedlings, and mainly ensure the wetting of the seedling bed.
(2) Fertilizing the seedling bed. Before sowing, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is spread on the seedling bed as base soil fertilizer, and after the seeds are grown, the water-soluble medium-trace element fertilizer is sprayed or irrigated as seedling fertilizer. The base soil fertilizer is generally 500m per2About 15Kg of compound fertilizer is broadcast, the proportion of effective components is 15 percent of N +15 percent of P2O5+15％K2O; the formula of the water-soluble medium trace element fertilizer comprises the following components: 100g of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4)300g of manganese sulfate (MnSO)4)200g of zinc sulfate (ZnSO)4)50g of borax (Na)2B4O7.10H2O)100g, copper sulfate (CuSO)4)10g, EDTA about 10mL, adding 160kg of water to spray or water the seedlings, continuously spraying for 8 days in the 2-3 leaf period, and spraying 160kg of nutrient water solution every 500 square meters of seedling bed every day. When selecting paddy field and dry land, the fertilizer can be directly applied on the soil, and when selecting cement terrace as seedling raising field, cofferdam is constructed to prevent fertilizer and water from losing. According to the requirement of seedling raising, 300mg/kg of paclobutrazol solution is sprayed on the current day of seedling emergence.
(3) And (3) preparing a matrix. The invention mainly selects rock wool to replace bottom soil to be used as a seedling raising substrate, namely a layer of woven bag cloth and a layer of non-woven cloth are firstly paved on a seedling bed, particularly when the seedling bed is used in rice fields and dry lands, the overlong root system growth is prevented, the seedling taking is convenient, the layer of woven bag cloth and the layer of non-woven cloth are needed to be paved firstly, and rock wool with the thickness of about 12-15mm is paved on the non-woven cloth, the specification of the rock wool is adapted to the seedling bed, and the rock wool can be generally 120mm multiplied by 100 cm. Before the laying, the rock wool is sprayed with water to be wetted, so that the operation is convenient, and after the laying, the rock wool is watered and wetted thoroughly. Cutting the seedling bed into seedling blocks according to the requirements of the seedling planting machine before transplanting seedlings. The rock wool is short fiber cotton formed by high-temperature puffing potassium feldspar, has the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention, air permeability, no disease and insect pest pollution and no heavy metal, and mainly comprises SiO2It is a high-quality material for cultivating machine-transplanted rice, especially hybrid rice seedling. Can be covered after seedingWhen the seedling raising substrate or the agricultural cellucotton is used for covering seeds, carpet-shaped agricultural cellucotton with the thickness of 5-7mm or commercial seedling raising substrate or self-made seedling raising substrate with the thickness of about 5-7mm is used, when the covered seedling raising substrate is a mixture of fermented rice hulls and fermented vegetable cakes, the mixture is processed according to a common method, 60% -70% of fermented rice hulls and 30% -40% of fermented rapeseed cakes can be uniformly mixed according to the weight, and the using amount of the mixed substrate is 10 liters per square meter of a seedling bed.
(4) And (4) seed treatment. The seeds are generally dried or dried in the sun and then air-separated to obtain full seeds. The plump seeds are coated, the seeds are directly sown in the dry mode without germination, the used seed coating agent contains active ingredients such as insecticide, bactericide, plant growth regulator, trace element fertilizer and the like, and the coating film agent is a polymer semipermeable membrane with water permeability and air permeability functions. The semipermeable membrane can be prepared by milling chitosan with superfine powder, or directly purchased from the market. Commercial seeds on the market can also be selected. The coated seeds can be stored for 4-6 months at normal temperature, and no bactericide or insecticide is needed to be sprayed during the period from sowing to transplanting (within 30 days) for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The seed coating agent used by the invention contains active semipermeable membranes such as systemic insecticide 70% imidacloprid, systemic bactericide 95% prochloraz, systemic plant growth regulator 95% paclobutrazol, microelement 95% boric acid, 95% zinc sulfate and the like 4-5g, imidacloprid 7-10g, prochloraz 12-15mL, paclobutrazol 1.5-2g, boric acid 0.8-1mL, zinc sulfate 0.8-1g, and sexual components, and is dissolved by ethanol and diluted by water to carry out seed coating, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent for each 10-12 kg of early season rice and middle season rice is as follows: 80-100mL of ethanol and 0.8-1mL of suspending agent (Tween-80), and when in use, the coating is diluted by 1000-1200mL of water and then coated; the dosage of the seed coating agent for every 10-12 kg of seeds of double-cropping late rice is as follows: 4-5g of semipermeable membrane, 12-15g of imidacloprid, 7-10mL of prochloraz, 1.5-2g of paclobutrazol, 0.8-1mL of boric acid, 0.8-1g of zinc sulfate, 100mL of ethanol and 0.8-1mL of suspending agent (Tween-80), and when in use, the coating is coated after being diluted by adding 1000 mL of water and 1200mL of solvent.
(5) And (5) accurate seeding. Can choose the seeding mode and the row spacing of the seeds according to the requirements of seedlings during seedling raising, and the accurate seeding can be realized by adopting 3 methods: firstly, adopting printing positioning seeding, namely adhering the coated seeds to reed paper by using starch glue, wherein the seeding density is 7mm multiplied by 7mm for early rice, and is 14mm multiplied by 14mm for middle rice and late rice; secondly, precision drilling is adopted, namely seeds are uniformly sown on the groove-shaped plate by the seed sowing device, the seeds are uniformly pushed to the sowing groove under the action of the vibrator, precision drilling is realized, one row is sown every 14mm, the row width is 5-7mm, and the row depth is 4-5 mm; thirdly, double-layer sowing plates are adopted for positioning sowing, namely rectangular seed holes (the aperture is 10-12mm multiplied by 5-7mm) with fixed specifications are drilled in the upper layer sowing plate, the seed holes correspond to the rock wool holes one by one, when the lower layer plate is pulled out, seeds naturally fall into the rock wool holes to realize positioning sowing, the sowing density is 14mm multiplied by 5-7mm for early rice, and the sowing density is 14mm multiplied by 8-10mm for middle rice and late rice.
(6) And (5) coating and watering. After sowing, seeds need to be covered for protection and watered to soak seeds for germination, so that drying is avoided, and the germination of the seeds is influenced. Firstly, the seeds are covered with blanket-shaped agricultural cellucotton with the thickness of about 5-7mm, or covered with commodity seedling raising matrix with the thickness of about 5-7mm or homemade seedling raising matrix, and secondly, the whole seedling bed is watered and moistened after the seedling raising matrix or the cellucotton is covered, so that the seedling bed is kept moist.
(7) And (5) managing the rice seedling bed. For double-season early rice seedling raising, after sowing and covering a substrate, an arch-lapping covering film is required to be waterproof and heat-insulated, and when the temperature in the film reaches about 35 ℃, the film is uncovered for ventilation; for raising seedlings of middle-season rice and late-season rice, after sowing and covering, non-woven fabrics need to be spread and covered to prevent rainstorm to wash seeds, and when the seedlings are in a 2-3 leaf stage, the non-woven fabrics are uncovered. If the seedlings are raised in high temperature season, such as the temperature is above 34 ℃, the seedling bed needs to be covered with a sunshade net in an arched way to prevent the wet non-woven fabrics from scalding the sprouted grains.
Example 1: the mechanical transplanting hybrid rice seedling cultivation method without a tray is adopted to cultivate seedlings in Yongan town of Liuyang city in 2021 year, and the variety is a plain-Shuangyou silk seedling. And (3) laying woven bag cloth, non-woven fabric and agricultural rock wool on a seedling bed of a fixed seedling raising field in sequence after 5 months and 20 days, laying printed seeding paper, covering the seeding paper with a special seedling raising matrix, a watering moisture-permeable matrix and seeds, and covering the non-woven fabric. The seeds emerge 24 days in 5 months, 300mg/kg paclobutrazol solution is sprayed on the same day of emergence, the non-woven fabric covered by the seedling bed is uncovered 2 days in 6 months, the seedling bed is watered after being uncovered, and the seedling bed is kept moist until the transplanting period. The seedlings are transplanted by a Jinggang transplanter with a water machine in 20 days after 6 months, the density is 25cm multiplied by 17cm, the seedling age is 5.3 leaves during transplanting, and the seedlings turn green after 2-3 days of transplanting. The investigation result of the rice seedling quality is as follows: the height of the seedling is 23.5cm, the total number of the single plant is 19.8, the white number of the single plant is 16.8, the tillering rate of the single plant is 23%, the width of the base stem of the single plant is 1.7mm, and the number of the green leaves of the single plant is 3.8. The seedling rate of the germinated seeds is 98.8 percent, which is 20.4 percent higher than that of the traditional mechanical rice seedling raising. The seedling transplanting missing rate is 4.5% in 24 days in 6 months, a 5-point sampling investigation method is adopted in 8 days in 7 months, 20 holes are investigated in each point, and the total number of seedlings in the field group is 16.4 ten thousand/mu (246 seedlings/m)2) The seedlings in the field grow evenly without obvious damage of diseases, pests and weeds.
Example 2: the method for raising the seedlings of the mechanically-transplanted hybrid rice by the diskless and soilless seedling raising method under the rural county in 2021 year is adopted, and the variety Guanliangyouhuazhan is a good breed. Leveling the rice field 5 months and 10 days, ditching in separate compartments, paving woven bag cloth, non-woven fabric and agricultural rock wool in sequence after the seedling bed is hardened 5 months and 16 days, paving the seeding paper for printing and seeding, covering the seeding paper with special seedling raising matrix, watering thoroughly wet matrix and seeds, covering the seeding paper with the non-woven fabric, and covering the special seedling raising matrix, the watering thoroughly wet matrix and the seeds on the seeding paper. And (3) germinating the seeds in 5 months and 20 days, spraying 300mg/kg paclobutrazol solution on the current emergence day, uncovering the non-woven fabric covered by the seedling bed in 5 months and 30 days, watering the seedling bed after uncovering, and keeping the seedling bed moist until the transplanting period. Transplanting the seedlings with water machine by Marangya transplanter at 6 months and 16 days, wherein the density is 25cm multiplied by 17cm, the seedling age is 5.1 leaves, and the seedlings turn green after transplanting for 2-3 days. The investigation result of the rice seedling quality is as follows: the height of the seedling is 23.5cm, the total number of the single plant is 19.8, the white number of the single plant is 16.8, the tillering rate of the single plant is 23%, the width of the base stem of the single plant is 1.7mm, and the number of the green leaves of the single plant is 3.8. The seedling rate of the germinated seeds is 99.3 percent, which is 21.3 percent higher than that of the traditional mechanical rice seedling raising. The seedling transplanting missing rate is 5.2% in the investigation of 22 days in 6 months, the 5-point sampling investigation method is adopted in 7 days in 7 months, the total seedling number of 20 holes is investigated at each point, and the total seedling number of the field group is 17.0 ten thousand/mu (255 seedlings/m)2) The seedlings in the field grow evenly without obvious damage of diseases, pests and weeds.
Claims (3)
1. A machine-transplanted rice diskless and soilless seedling raising method taking rock wool as a matrix is characterized in that: applying a bottom soil fertilizer on a selected seedbed, firstly laying a layer of woven bag cloth and a layer of non-woven fabric on the bottom soil fertilizer, then laying a layer of rock wool with the thickness of 12-15mm on the non-woven fabric, and sowing rice seeds on the rock wool, wherein the main seedling raising process comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) preparing a seedling bed by selecting a rice field, a dry land and a cement terrace as seedling raising fields, wherein the rice field and the dry land are required to remove weeds, level the seedling bed and divide a trench for seedling raising, and the seedling bed is arranged to be 1800cm long, 135cm wide, 23-25cm wide and 13-15cm deep; when the seedlings are raised in cement land, the periphery of a seedling bed is blocked by yellow mud or other materials after sowing so as to avoid water seepage and fertilizer leakage;
(2) before fertilizing and seeding, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is spread on the seedling bed to serve as a base soil fertilizer, and after the seeds emerge, water-soluble medium-trace element fertilizer is sprayed or irrigated to serve as seedling fertilizer; the base soil fertilizer is 500m per2About 15Kg of compound fertilizer is applied by spraying, and the proportion of the compound fertilizer is 15 percent N +15 percent P2O5+15％K2O, the formula of the water-soluble medium and trace element fertilizer is as follows: 100g of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate and MgSO4300g of manganese sulfate MnSO4200g of zinc sulfate ZnSO450g of borax Na2B4O7.10H2O100 g, copper sulfate CuSO410g of EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) 10mL, adding 160kg of water, spraying or irrigating the seedlings, and continuously carrying out 2-3 leaf periods for 8 days, wherein 200-300 g of EDTA is added every day;
(3) preparing a substrate, namely replacing bottom soil with rock wool to serve as a seedling raising substrate, firstly laying a layer of woven bag cloth and a layer of non-woven fabric on a seedling bed, then laying rock wool with the thickness of 12-15mm on the non-woven fabric, wherein the specification of the rock wool can be 120mm multiplied by 100cm, and cutting seedling blocks according to the requirements of a transplanter before transplanting seedlings; before laying, spraying water to moisten the rock wool, and after laying, watering to thoroughly moisten the rock wool; covering the seeds with blanket-shaped agricultural cellucotton after sowing, or covering with a seedling raising matrix or a self-made seedling raising matrix;
(4) drying or sun-drying the seeds after seed treatment, and then obtaining full seeds by adopting air separation, wherein the full seeds are treated by adopting a coating and directly sowed in dry grains without germination;
(5) the precise seeding adopts printing positioning seeding, the coated seeds are adhered to reed paper by starch glue, the seeding density is 7mm multiplied by 7mm, and the seeding density is 14mm multiplied by 14mm for middle rice and late rice; or adopting precision drilling, uniformly sowing seeds on the groove-shaped plate by the seed sowing device, uniformly pushing the seeds to the sowing groove under the action of the vibrator, realizing precision drilling, sowing one row every 14mm, wherein the row width is 5-7mm, and the row depth is 4-5 mm; or double-layer seeding plates are adopted for positioning seeding, rectangular seed holes with fixed specifications are drilled in the upper layer seeding plate, the aperture is 10-12mm multiplied by 5-7mm, the seed holes correspond to the rock wool holes one by one, when the lower layer plate is pulled out, seeds naturally fall into the rock wool holes to realize positioning seeding, the seeding density is 14mm multiplied by 5-7mm for early rice, and 14mm multiplied by 8-10mm for medium rice and late rice;
(6) after the film covering, watering and sowing, covering the seeds with protection and watering, soaking the seeds for germination, and covering the seeds with blanket-shaped agricultural cellucotton with the thickness of 5-7mm, or covering the seeds with a commodity seedling raising matrix with the thickness of 5-7mm or a self-made seedling raising matrix;
(7) for seedling bed management, for double-season early rice seedling raising, after sowing and covering a substrate, an arch-lapping covering film is required to be waterproof and heat-insulated, and when the temperature in the film reaches 35 ℃, the film is uncovered for ventilation; for raising seedlings of middle-season rice and late-season rice, after sowing and covering, non-woven fabrics need to be spread and covered to prevent rainstorm to wash seeds, and when the seedlings are in a 2-3 leaf stage, the non-woven fabrics are uncovered.
2. The machine-transplanted rice diskless soilless seedling raising method with rock wool as a matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: covering a layer of blanket-shaped agricultural cellucotton with the thickness of 5-7mm on the seeds after sowing, or covering a commodity seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5-7mm or a self-made seedling raising substrate, wherein the covered seedling raising substrate is a mixture of fermented rice hulls and fermented rapeseed cakes, uniformly mixing 60-70% of the fermented rice hulls and 30-40% of the fermented rapeseed cakes according to the weight, and the dosage of the mixed substrate is 10 liters per square meter of a seedling bed.
3. The machine-transplanted rice diskless soilless seedling raising method with rock wool as a matrix as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the seed coating agent contains active ingredients such as systemic insecticide 70% imidacloprid, systemic bactericide 95% prochloraz, systemic plant growth regulator 95% paclobutrazol, microelement 95% boric acid, 95% zinc sulfate and the like, is dissolved by ethanol, and is diluted by adding water to coat seeds, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent for each 10-12 kilograms of early season rice and medium season rice is as follows: 4-5g of semipermeable membrane, 7-10g of imidacloprid, 12-15mL of prochloraz, 1.5-2g of paclobutrazol, 0.8-1mL of boric acid, 0.8-1g of zinc sulfate, 80-100mL of ethanol, 800.8-1mL of suspending agent Tween, and coating after being diluted by adding 1000 mL of water and 1200mL of suspending agent when in use; the seed coating dosage of the double cropping late rice per 10-12 kg of seeds is as follows: 4-5g of semipermeable membrane, 12-15g of imidacloprid, 7-10mL of prochloraz, 1.5-2g of paclobutrazol, 0.8-1mL of boric acid, 0.8-1g of zinc sulfate, 100mL of ethanol and 800.8-1mL of suspending agent Tween-1200, and the coating is coated after being diluted by adding 1000 mL of water when in use.
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