CN111802242A - Hybrid rice seedling raising method using brown rice seedling - Google Patents
Hybrid rice seedling raising method using brown rice seedling Download PDFInfo
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid rice seedling raising method by using brown rice seedling, which is a seedling raising and transplanting method for coating brown rice with a coating agent, naturally absorbing water under the condition of moist dry soil or seedling raising matrix, germinating and seedling emergence under the condition of proper temperature, and comprises the following steps of brown rice (seed) processing and selecting flow and brown rice (seed) dry seedling raising and transplanting methods: hulling rice by using a rice huller to obtain complete brown rice, coating brown rice seeds by using a seed coating agent, and raising rice seedlings by using the coated seeds. The brown rice (seeds) treated by the method have the advantages of quick water absorption, quick seedling emergence and regular seedling emergence, are convenient for seed disinfection treatment, and effectively eliminate infection hazards of germs and pests carried by the seeds on a seedling bed of a seedling bed; the mechanized sowing is convenient; through seed selection and seed initiation, the germination rate of the brown rice can reach more than 98 percent, the single-seed cultivation of the hybrid rice is realized, the yield-increasing advantage of tillering and big ear is exerted, and the seed consumption of the field is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for raising hybrid rice seedlings, in particular to a method for raising hybrid rice seedlings by using brown rice seedlings.
Background
The rice is a seed crop, the harvested rice can be used as seeds, namely the rice, the rice consists of two parts, namely glumes (rice hulls) and glumes (brown rice), wherein the brown rice consists of pericarp, seed coat, endosperm and embryo. The endosperm comprises aleurone layer and starch granule, and the embryo comprises embryo bud, embryonic stem, radicle, and scutellum. The scutellum is connected with the endosperm, and the decomposition of substances such as starch, fat, protein and the like in the endosperm is accelerated due to the enhancement of the activities of amylase, lipase and protease when the seeds germinate, so that nutrient substances and energy are provided for the germination of the seeds and the growth of seedlings. Rice and riceShellingThe husked rice still retains the husk, endosperm and embryo, has smooth surface, and can be processed at certain temperature and water contentCan germinate.
The conditions for germinating rice seeds (rice or brown rice) are divided into self conditions and external conditions, wherein the self conditions are complete and viable embryos and nutrient substances for embryo development; the external conditions are a suitable temperature, a suitable amount of moisture and sufficient oxygen. When the seeds germinate, the seeds absorb water and swell, the seed coats soften, the respiration effect is enhanced, the nutrient substances stored in the cotyledons are gradually decomposed and converted into substances which can be absorbed and utilized by cells, and the substances are conveyed to the hypocotyl, radicle and embryo of the embryo for the growth of the embryo.
Because the rice is transplanted or directly planted in a flooded condition or in a wet slurry condition, the rice (seeds) need to be protected by glumes in the germination process so as to adapt to the external adverse environment. Since ancient times, both wild rice and cultivated rice (indica rice and japonica rice) were grown with rice (seeds) as seedlings. The latest research finds that the brown rice absorbs water quickly and germinates neatly, and the brown rice can be used as seeds to replace rice, so that the germination rate and the germination vigor of the brown rice can be detected quickly. However, there has been no method for raising rice seedlings and cultivating and planting rice in which brown rice (seed) seedlings are used instead of rice (seed) seedlings, or a method for direct seeding under flooded conditions. Therefore, in the long-term evolution from wild rice to cultivated rice, rice is still used as a seed for natural propagation, and new seeds are continuously obtained. The rice is used as seed and is planted in the flooding condition.
The germination rate and germination potential of brown rice are not affected by rice hull. The rice hulls are composed of about 20% of lignin (about 20%), about 40% of cellulose, about 20% of pentose polymer (mainly hemicellulose), about 20% of ash (mainly silicon dioxide) and a small amount of organic compounds such as crude protein, crude fat and the like, and the germination rate and the germination potential of the husked brown rice are not influenced by the rice hulls, but are beneficial to rapid water absorption and germination, and the germination uniformity is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a method for raising rice seedlings by using brown rice, in particular to a method for raising rice seedlings by using hybrid rice. Compared with other field crop seeds such as wheat, barley, corn, soybean, rape and the like, the rice seeds have one more layer of glume (rice). In a botanical sense, brown rice is a complete seed. Rice (seeds) are added with one more glume layer, when the rice (seeds) germinate under the condition of flooding or wet slurry, the glume layer plays a role in protecting endosperm, and when the brown rice (seeds) germinate under the condition of flooding or wet slurry, the endosperm is easy to be soaked and dissolved, the supply of nutrient substances and energy required by the endosperm to the growth of seedlings is lost or interrupted in advance (heterotrophic action), so that the seedlings cannot complete the conversion from the heterotrophic stage to the autotrophic stage (photosynthesis of leaves), and even the dissolved endosperm nutrient substances cause the invasion of germs such as soft rot, damping off and the like to cause seedling rot, bud rot, seedling death and the like.
The invention relates to a novel seedling raising and transplanting method for planting brown rice by using brown rice seedlings, which is a seedling raising and transplanting method for coating brown rice with a coating agent, naturally absorbing moisture under the condition of moist dry soil or seedling raising matrix, germinating and seedling emergence under the condition of proper temperature. The invention is realized according to the following two processes:
1. the brown rice (seed) processing and selecting process comprises the following steps:
hulling rice (hulling): hulling the rice by using a rice huller to obtain complete brown rice.
Screening whole brown rice (seed): and (5) removing half of the brown rice and impurities by using a coarse screen.
And screening the brown rice by using a photoelectric colorimeter to obtain the high-activity brown rice. Incomplete, moldy or otherwise undesirable seeds can be removed.
Brown rice vitality initiation and coating: coating the brown rice, and coating the brown rice seeds by using a seed coating agent.
The seed coating agent comprises the following components: sodium indoleacetate (0.01-0.05%), brassinolide 0.001-0.009%, salicylic acid sodium salt 0.03-0.06%, rare earth citrate 0.04-0.06%, zinc oxide 0.05-0.15%, imidacloprid 5-10%, prochloraz 5-10%, fludioxonil 2-5%, carboxymethyl chitosan 5-10%, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 2-6%, disperse scarlet 1-3%, sodium dodecyl sulfate 2-3%, modified starch 20-30%, and clay to the balance.
The production process of the seed coating agent of the invention comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to a certain proportion, respectively crushing the components to be more than 200 meshes by using a common crusher according to the formula requirement, then putting the components into a mixer, fully and uniformly mixing the components, crushing the components to be more than 450 meshes by using a micro powder crusher, and quantitatively packaging the components by using a powder packaging machine to obtain the seed coating agent. The ratio of the mass of the prepared seed coating agent to the mass of the seeds (brown rice) is 1: 150-200, i.e. 100 g of initiating seed coating agent coating 15-20 kg of seeds.
In the above process: the rice hulling refers to hulling rice (seeds) to obtain brown rice (seeds); screening whole brown rice means removing half brown rice and impurities by using a bamboo sieve or a coarse sieve; selecting high-activity brown rice refers to removing mildewed and discolored non-activity brown rice by applying a photoelectric colorimetric method; the high-activity brown rice initiation and coating means that the brown rice (seeds) selected by using a seed coating agent containing growth regulating substances such as phytohormone, mixed rare earth elements and the like, and components such as an insecticide, a bactericide and the like are coated so as to remove plant diseases and insect pests carried by the brown rice (seeds), improve the germination rate of the seeds and promote the growth of seedlings.
2. The dry seedling raising and transplanting process of the brown rice (seeds) comprises the following steps:
construction of a seedling bed, placing of a seedling tray (non-woven fabric), sieving of dry soil (matrix), sowing of high-activity coated brown rice (seeds), covering of the sieved dry soil (matrix), covering of the non-woven fabric, spraying and watering, germination and emergence of the brown rice, seedling bed management, mechanical seedling transplantation and field management.
In the above process: the seedling bed construction means that a paddy field is ploughed to be flat, furrows are divided into compartments to be used as seedling beds, or a fixed seedling bed is constructed by utilizing water-retaining materials such as rock wool and the like in a flat dry land; the seedling placing disc (non-woven fabric) is a plastic soft disc (hard disc) placed on a well-arranged seedling bed, or a porous film and non-woven fabric are laid on rock wool; the step of loading and screening dry soil (matrix) refers to loading 1.5-2.0 cm thick screened dry soil or seedling raising matrix on a plastic soft disk (hard disk); sowing the high-activity coated brown rice (seeds) refers to uniformly positioning and sowing the high-activity coated brown rice (seeds) by adopting a printing seeder or a precision drilling machine; covering the screened dry soil (matrix) means covering the screened dry soil (matrix) with the thickness of about 0.5 cm after the brown rice is sowed; the covering of the non-woven fabric is to cover 18-20 g/square meter of non-woven fabric after covering and sieving dry soil (matrix); spray watering means that the non-woven fabric is covered, and the wet and dry soil (matrix) is sprayed or watered by a watering pot; the germination and seedling emergence of the brown rice mean that the brown rice (seeds) keep soil or a substrate on a floppy disk (hard disk) moist after being sowed, the brown rice starts to germinate in the next day, and the seedling emergence is generally completed within 48 hours; the seedling field management mainly comprises fertilizer and water management and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, in addition, a film is required to be covered on early rice for heat preservation, and 300 mg/L paclobutrazol solution is required to be sprayed after seedling emergence of late rice for controlling the seedling height; mechanical seedling transplanting refers to transplanting seedlings by a high-speed seedling transplanter or a hand-held seedling transplanter 20-30 days after seeding (seedling age is 3.5-5.5 leaf period). The density of transplanting rice requires 2.2-2.4 ten thousand holes per mu (667 square meters) of early rice, 1.8-2.0 ten thousand holes of late rice and 1.5-1.7 ten thousand holes of one-season rice; the field management refers to field fertilizer and water management and disease, pest and weed control according to local high-yield rice cultivation.
The invention has the following main advantages: (1) brown rice (seeds) has the advantages of fast water absorption, fast seedling emergence and regular seedling emergence, while endosperm can not be dissolved under the condition of moist dry soil (seedling culture substrate), and can continuously provide nutrients for the growth of seedlings before 3-leaf stage; (2) the seed disinfection treatment is convenient, and the infection harm of germs and pests carried by the seeds on the seedling bed of the seedling bed is effectively eliminated; (3) the mechanical sowing is convenient, because the glume of the rice glume is rough and not smooth in surface, the mechanical sowing is inconvenient, and the brown rice is smooth in surface, so that the mechanical uniform and ordered sowing is convenient; (4) the seed selection is convenient, the brown rice is selected by utilizing a photoelectric colorimetric machine, a smooth sieve and the like so as to remove mildewed and discolored seeds and weed seeds which lose viability; (5) the seed initiation and coating treatment are convenient, and the active substances such as phytohormone, mixed rare earth elements and the like are applied to initiate the rapid germination of embryo buds and radicles of the seeds and promote the growth of seedlings; (6) through seed selection and seed initiation, the germination rate of the screened brown rice can reach more than 98 percent, single-seed cultivation of hybrid rice is realized, the yield-increasing advantage of tillering and big ears of the hybrid rice is exerted, and the using amount of field seeds is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
1. The brown rice (seed) processing and selecting method comprises the following steps:
calculating the needed seed consumption according to the area of a seedling bed of the rice seedlings, weighing the hybrid rice seeds according to the seed consumption of hand-transplanted field seeds of 1000-1500 g/667 square meters, and shelling the rice by a rice huller to obtain complete brown rice. Firstly, the bamboo sieve or the coarse sieve is used for removing half grains of brown rice and impurities. And screening the brown rice by using a photoelectric colorimetric method to obtain the complete brown rice with high activity. The brown rice is subjected to an initiation coating treatment. The ratio of the seed coating initiating agent to the brown rice is 1: 200 kg brown rice is coated by the priming seed coating agent per 100 g, and the coating method can adopt manual coating or line coating machine coating. Generally, the seeds which are used as the seeds are used as soon as possible, the seeds which are not used in time are dried (the water content is less than or equal to 13.5 percent), the seeds are not suitable to be stored for more than 1 month under the condition of normal temperature, and the vitality of the embryo bodies can be stored for 3 months under the condition of low-temperature storage (less than or equal to 5 ℃).
The coating agent is an initiating seed coating agent, namely, the coating agent is prepared by mixing growth regulators such as plant hormone, mixed rare earth elements and the like, bactericide, insecticide and the like with a high-molecular film-forming material, a coloring agent, a suspending agent and the like according to a certain proportion. The brown rice (seeds) can be coated by hand or by a line coating machine, and the operation method comprises the following steps: according to the ratio of the initiating seed coating agent to the brown rice of 1: 200, respectively weighing the seed coating agent and the brown rice, diluting the initiating seed coating agent by 5 times with clean water, uniformly spraying the diluted initiating seed coating agent on the surface of the brown rice by using a sprayer, and stirring while spraying until a red semipermeable membrane is formed on the surface of the brown rice, wherein the red brown rice is coated brown rice.
2. The dry seedling raising and transplanting method of brown rice (seeds) comprises the following steps:
firstly, constructing a seedling bed, namely leveling a plowed rice field, ditching and dividing the rice field into compartments to form the seedling bed, or constructing a fixed seedling bed by utilizing water-retaining materials such as rock wool and the like on a flat dry land; plastic soft disks (hard disks) are placed on the arranged seedling bed, or hole films and non-woven fabrics are laid on the rock wool; a plastic soft disk (hard disk) or rock wool is paved with a porous film and non-woven fabrics, and a sieve with the thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm is filled in the porous film and the non-woven fabricsDry soil or seedling raising substrate; sowing high-activity coated brown rice (seeds), and uniformly positioning and sowing the high-activity coated brown rice (seeds) by adopting a printing seeder or a precision drilling machine; covering with dry screened soil (matrix) after sowing, and covering with dry screened soil (matrix) with the thickness of about 0.5 cm; spreading on the screened dry soil (substrate) to cover 18-20 g/m2The nonwoven fabric of (1); after the non-woven fabrics are covered, spraying or watering the wet and dry soil (matrix) by a watering pot, and preferably wetting all the soil (matrix) of the seedling tray; sprouting is started in the next day generally, and seedling emergence is completed in 48 hours; after seedling emergence, seedling bed management is carried out, mainly fertilizer and water management and disease, pest and weed control. A film is required to be covered on early rice for heat preservation, and 300 mg/L paclobutrazol solution is required to be sprayed after the late rice seedlings emerge to control the seedling height; after the seedlings meet the transplanting requirement, transplanting the seedlings by using a high-speed transplanter 20-30 days (the seedling age is 3.5-5.5 leaf period) after sowing, or transplanting the seedlings by using a hand-held transplanter, wherein the transplanting density requires 2.2-2.4 ten thousand holes per mu (667 square meters) of early rice, 1.8-2.0 ten thousand holes of late rice and 1.5-1.7 ten thousand holes of one-season rice; the field management refers to field fertilizer and water management and disease, pest and weed control according to local high-yield rice cultivation.
Results of the experiment
In order to compare the sprouting and seedling emergence rates of the paddy rice and the brown rice and the seedling quality of the paddy rice and the brown rice, a seedling raising effect comparison test of the paddy rice seedling and the brown rice seedling is respectively carried out by taking the Shuangyou Huang-Lizhan and Taiyou 390 of the hybrid late rice variety as materials. The test is carried out in 20 days 6 months in 2020, firstly, the seeds are subjected to photoelectric colorimetric screening to obtain high-activity rice seeds, then, the high-activity seeds are subjected to shelling and screening treatment to obtain finished brown rice seeds, and the rice seeds and the brown rice seeds are respectively subjected to coating treatment. The hard disk dry seedling raising method is adopted, the coated brown rice seeds and the coated rice seeds are respectively sown in seedling raising hard disks with substrates, the substrates and non-woven fabrics are covered, and the substrates are watered thoroughly. After sowing, the substrate is kept wet, when seeds germinate and emerge at normal temperature, sampling is carried out 25 days after emergence to investigate the quality of the seedlings, and the results are listed in table 1. Compared with rice seeds, the brown rice seeds have fast emergence and high emergence rate, and the seedling leaf age, the total dry weight of a single plant, the total root length and the total root number are obviously increased (Table 1).
TABLE 1 comparison of seedling quality between brown rice and paddy rice seedlings
Example 1: the hybrid medium-rice seed Eryou Huazhan is selected, and the seeding is carried out in 5 months and 15 days. Removing the glume of the rice seeds by a rice huller to obtain the brown rice. Then, primarily screening by using a bamboo screen in sequence to obtain complete brown rice; selecting seeds by a photoelectric color selection method to obtain high-activity seeds; coating the selected seeds with a coating agent, i.e. the ratio of priming coating agent to seeds is 1: 200. and directly sowing the coated seeds on a seedling tray, performing single-seed sowing in each hole, and sowing 100-110 g of brown rice in each square meter. Covering with dry screened soil (matrix) after sowing, and covering with dry screened soil (matrix) with the thickness of about 0.5 cm; laying and covering 18-20 g/square meter of non-woven fabric on the screened dry soil (substrate); after covering the non-woven fabric, the wet and dry soil (matrix) is sprayed or watered with a watering pot. The brown rice seedlings emerge from the 2 nd day, and the seedlings reach 3.1-3.3 leaves 15 days after emergence of the brown rice, so that the brown rice seedlings are suitable for machine transplanting.
Example 2: hybrid late rice variety Jiuyouhuangli is selected and sowed in 25 days after 6 months. Removing the glume of the rice seeds by a rice huller to obtain the brown rice. Then, the brown rice is subjected to primary screening by using a bamboo screen in sequence to obtain complete brown rice; selecting seeds by a photoelectric color selection method to obtain high-activity seeds; coating selected seeds with an initiation coating agent, wherein the ratio of the initiation coating agent to the seeds is 1: 200. and directly sowing the coated seeds on a seedling tray, sowing single (double) seeds in each hole, and sowing 140-160 g of brown rice in each square meter. Covering with dry screened soil (matrix) after sowing, and covering with dry screened soil (matrix) with the thickness of about 0.5 cm; covering 18-20 g/square meter of non-woven fabric on the screened dry soil (matrix); after covering the non-woven fabric, the wet and dry soil (matrix) is sprayed or watered with a watering pot. The brown rice seedlings emerge from the 2 nd day, and 300 mg/L paclobutrazol solution needs to be sprayed after emergence of the seedlings to control the height of the seedlings. Seedlings reach 5.1-5.3 leaves 25 days after emergence, and are suitable for machine transplanting.
Example 3: hybrid late rice variety Taiyou 390 is selected and sowed in 25 days in 6 months. The rice (seeds) have been stored for 2 years as aged seeds. Firstly, rice seeds are hulled by a rice huller to obtain brown rice. Then, primarily screening by using a bamboo screen in sequence to obtain complete brown rice; selecting seeds by a photoelectric color selection method to obtain high-activity seeds; coating the selected seeds with a coating agent, i.e. the ratio of priming coating agent to seeds is 1: 200. and (3) directly sowing the coated seeds on a seedling tray with a matrix, and sowing two seeds in each hole, namely sowing 200-220 g of brown rice in each square meter. After sowing, covering with screened dry soil (matrix), and spreading and covering with screened dry soil (matrix) with the thickness of about 0.5 cm; covering 18-20 g/square meter of non-woven fabric on the screened dry soil (matrix); after the non-woven fabric is covered, the wet and dry soil (matrix) is sprayed or watered by a watering pot, and the seedling tray soil (matrix) is fully wetted. The brown rice starts to germinate on day 2, seedlings emerge on day 3, and 300 mg/L paclobutrazol solution needs to be sprayed after the seedlings emerge to control the height of the seedlings. 4.9-5.3 leaves of seedlings 25 days after emergence, and is suitable for machine transplanting.
Claims (3)
1. A hybrid rice seedling raising method using brown rice seedling formation is characterized in that: the rice seedling raising and transplanting method comprises the following steps of removing glumes of rice seeds to obtain complete brown rice, selecting the brown rice by a photoelectrochromic method, coating, naturally absorbing water under the condition of moist dry soil or seedling raising matrix, and germinating and emerging at normal temperature, wherein the brown rice selection method comprises the following steps:
hulling rice: hulling rice by using a rice huller to obtain complete brown rice;
screening whole-grain brown rice: removing half of brown rice and impurities by using a bamboo sieve or a metal sieve;
screening the brown rice by using a photoelectric colorimeter to obtain high-activity brown rice, and removing incomplete, moldy or other bad seeds;
brown rice vitality initiation and coating: coating the brown rice, and coating the brown rice seeds by using a seed coating agent.
2. The hybrid rice seedling raising method using brown rice seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the seed coating agent is prepared by grinding and refining 0.01-0.05% of sodium indole acetate, 0.001-0.009% of brassinolide, 0.03-0.06% of sodium salicylate, 0.04-0.06% of rare earth citrate, 0.05-0.15% of zinc oxide, 5-10% of imidacloprid, 5-10% of prochloraz, 2-5% of fludioxonil, 5-10% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 2-6% of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 1-3% of disperse scarlet, 2-3% of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, 20-30% of modified starch and the balance of clay according to a certain proportion, wherein the mass ratio of the prepared seed coating agent to brown rice is 1: 150-200.
3. The hybrid rice seedling raising method using brown rice seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling raising and transplanting method comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a seedling bed: ploughing and leveling the rice field, ditching and dividing the rice field into compartments to form a seedling bed, or constructing a fixed seedling bed by using water-retaining materials such as rock wool and the like on a flat dry land;
(2) placing a seedling tray or paving non-woven fabrics: plastic soft disks or hard disks are placed on the arranged seedling bed, or hole films and non-woven fabrics are laid on the rock wool;
(3) filling screened dry soil or seedling raising matrix: filling 1.5-2.0 cm thick screened dry soil or seedling raising matrix on a plastic floppy disk or a hard disk;
(4) sowing high-activity coated brown rice: uniformly sowing the coated high-activity brown rice by adopting a printing seeder or a precision drilling seeder;
(5) covering and sieving dry soil or seedling raising matrix: after the brown rice is sowed, covering with dry soil or seedling raising matrix which is sieved and has the thickness of about 0.5 cm;
(6) covering with non-woven fabrics: covering 18-20 g/square meter of non-woven fabric on the covered and sieved dry soil or seedling raising substrate;
(7) spraying and watering: spraying or watering the non-woven fabric with a watering pot to thoroughly dry soil or a seedling raising matrix;
(8) germinating brown rice: keeping soil or matrix of a soft disk or a hard disk moist after sowing, and starting germination the next day;
(9) managing a seedling bed: managing fertilizer and water, preventing diseases, pests and weeds, covering a film on early rice, preserving heat, and spraying uniconazole solution to control the height of seedlings after the seedlings of late rice emerge.
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