CN113597961A - Transformation method for cultivating summer bamboo shoots in degraded Chinese chestnut forest - Google Patents
Transformation method for cultivating summer bamboo shoots in degraded Chinese chestnut forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN113597961A CN113597961A CN202111032118.9A CN202111032118A CN113597961A CN 113597961 A CN113597961 A CN 113597961A CN 202111032118 A CN202111032118 A CN 202111032118A CN 113597961 A CN113597961 A CN 113597961A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving cultivation of degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a degraded Chinese chestnut forest; (2) soil preparation before planting summer bamboo shoots; (3) selecting and digging mother bamboos; (4) planting mother bamboos; (5) managing after planting; (6) harvesting summer bamboo shoots in a gradient manner. The degraded Chinese chestnut forest is operated for more than 15 years, and has the problems of reduced yield, reduced quality and the like of Chinese chestnuts. The summer bamboo shoots are produced by the bamboos in August, are delicious in taste, can effectively supplement the situation that the summer bamboo shoots are not edible, and are high in economic value. The new mode of Chinese chestnut forest and August bamboo adopted by the invention can improve the vegetation coverage rate of Chinese chestnut forest, reduce water and soil loss of forest land and form underground nutrient balance and spatial malposition fusion; the method can effectively improve the current situation of the current degraded Chinese chestnut forest, simultaneously can improve the yield of the forest land, and effectively increases the income of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of degraded chestnut forest, and particularly relates to a method for improving the cultivation of summer bamboo shoots in a degraded chestnut forest.
Background
Chinese chestnut (Chinese chestnut)Castanea mollissima BL. ) Is a chestnut plant of fagaceae and is one of the earliest nuts eaten in China. Board of Zhejiang province in ChinaOne of the main chestnut producing areas, the planting area reaches 124 ten thousand mu, but because a large number of chestnut forests are operated for decades at present, the problems of chestnut yield reduction, quality reduction, forest stand degradation and the like occur, and the income of farmers is reduced. The August bamboo culm is 2.5-4 (6) meters high and 1.5-2.5 centimeters thick, is used as a short small-diameter bamboo, is fresh, delicious, fresh in eating, boiled and the like, contains rich active ingredients such as amino acid and the like, and is a superior food material in middle and small-diameter bamboo shoots. The bamboo shoots can effectively supplement the situation that summer bamboo shoots are not edible. Aiming at the problem of degradation of the Chinese chestnut forest, if comprehensive updating is adopted, not only higher cost is required to be invested, but also water and soil loss of the forest land can be caused. Therefore, a new mode for improving the degraded Chinese chestnut forest needs to be developed to improve the current situation of the degraded Chinese chestnut forest.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low yield of Chinese chestnut forest, low product quality, forest stand degradation and the like which are mostly operated for decades at present, and the defects of high reconstruction cost, serious water and soil loss of forest land and the like caused by comprehensively updating the Chinese chestnut forest.
The invention provides a transformation method for cultivating summer bamboo shoots in a degraded Chinese chestnut forest, which is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting degraded Chinese chestnut forest:
and (3) modifying the degraded Chinese chestnut forest which has the elevation of more than 400m and the gradient of less than 35 degrees and is provided with an irrigation water source or can conduct water diversion and irrigation.
(2) Soil preparation before planting summer bamboo shoots:
and (3) after 15 days of Chinese chestnut harvest in the current year, carrying out soil preparation and turning on the forest land to avoid damaging the root system of the trees, wherein the turning and cultivating depth is about 25cm, and meanwhile, clearing the miscellaneous irrigation of the forest land.
(3) Selecting and digging mother bamboos:
in autumn and winter, selecting Bayue bamboo mother bamboo which is 1-2 years old, 1.5-2.5cm in ground diameter, healthy and free of diseases and insect pests. When digging mother bamboo, judging the direction of the penis coming from the mother bamboo and the penis removing direction, and keeping more than 15cm for penis removing; digging soil balls with the size at least 10 times of the diameter of the bamboo stalks; the seedlings can not be shaken when being taken, so as to avoid damaging the whip buds and reduce the transplanting survival rate of the mother bamboos.
(4) Planting mother bamboos:
randomly selecting points in a Chinese chestnut forest in advance, and digging 150 planting holes with the specification of 60cm in length, 50cm in width and 50cm in depth for each mu; after digging the hole, applying enough base fertilizer, backfilling surface soil to fill the bottom and avoiding the direct contact of the bamboo rhizome and the fertilizer.
The planting depth of the mother bamboo is 15-20cm, namely the base of the mother bamboo stalk is exposed or flush with the ground surface. The bamboo rhizome is laid horizontally, the bamboo stalk can be inclined, and the surface soil is filled around the soil ball before covering by soil return to prevent the soil from forming a hollow space after watering.
(5) Management after planting:
the survival of the mother bamboos is guaranteed, after the planting is finished, the mother bamboos are watered thoroughly once, the watering is not needed within 15 days generally, and the once-watering mode is still adopted for the secondary drought, so that the growth requirement of the bamboo plants is met.
Dibbling and fertilizing to induce the expansion of bamboo rhizome and fast afforestation. Fertilizing in semilunar fish scale pits at a distance of 60-80cm from the mother bamboo twice a year, applying a penis promoting fertilizer in 3-4 months for the first time, and applying an overwintering fertilizer in 10-11 months for the second time to supplement nutrients for the forest land. After the mother bamboos survive, small bamboo shoots near the mother bamboos are timely dug out, and distant new bamboos are kept for breeding to induce the bamboo rhizome to grow outwards.
(6) Gradient harvesting of summer bamboo shoots:
harvesting and keeping the bamboo shoots for rest (generally for 7-8 months), wherein the bamboo shoot emergence time is different according to the different altitudes, the bamboo shoots at low altitudes are early (generally for 7-8 months), and the bamboo shoots at high altitudes are late (generally for 9-10 months).
Timely removing small bamboo shoot near mother bamboo, and keeping young bamboo to induce bamboo rhizome to grow outwards. Dividing 3 gradients according to the distance between the new bamboo shoots and the mother bamboo shoots, and performing gradient bamboo shoot collection and remaining culture, which is detailed in table 1.
Table 1: gradient harvesting and keeping young bamboo shoot
Digging when the height of the bamboo shoots is 5-10cm after the emergence of the soil, wherein the bamboo shoots are excellent in quality and delicious in taste.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the growth environment of the bambusa bambusicola needs a certain shading degree, the bambusicola is suitable for mixed cultivation of other trees, the height of the bambusicola needs to be just staggered with the height of a Chinese chestnut tree in the ground space, the Chinese chestnut tree and the bambusicola are transformed in a mode of reasonably controlling the water content of the forest and the management of the bambusicola, the bambusicola is good in growth, the bamboo shoot output in the later period is considerable, and the economic benefit is obvious.
2. The new mode of Chinese chestnut forest and August bamboo formed by transformation of the invention improves the management level of the degraded Chinese chestnut forest, improves the yield and quality of Chinese chestnuts, and has the advantages and potential of developing characteristic economy and increasing the income of farmers.
3. The method can effectively save forest land resources, improve the utilization rate of three-dimensional space resources of the forest land, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the quality characters of the forest land and promote the rapid development of under-forest economic characteristic industries.
4. The survival rate of the Bayue bamboo is over 80 percent by introduction and cultivation, the yield can be increased by 800 plus 1000 yuan/mu in 3 years, and after the mature forest is formed, the new yield per mu can reach over 3500 yuan.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) selecting degraded Chinese chestnut forest:
and (3) modifying the degraded Chinese chestnut forest which has the elevation of more than 400m and the gradient of less than 35 degrees and is provided with an irrigation water source or can conduct water diversion and irrigation.
(2) Soil preparation before planting summer bamboo shoots:
and (3) after 15 days of Chinese chestnut harvest in the current year, carrying out soil preparation and turning on the forest land to avoid damaging the root system of the trees, wherein the turning and cultivating depth is about 25cm, and meanwhile, clearing the miscellaneous irrigation of the forest land.
(3) Selecting and digging mother bamboos:
in autumn and winter, selecting Bayue bamboo mother bamboo which is 1-2 years old, 1.5-2.5cm in ground diameter, healthy and free of diseases and insect pests. When digging mother bamboo, judging the direction of the penis coming from the mother bamboo and the penis removing direction, and keeping more than 15cm for penis removing; digging soil balls with the size at least 10 times of the diameter of the bamboo stalks; the seedlings can not be shaken when being taken, so as to avoid damaging the whip buds and reduce the transplanting survival rate of the mother bamboos.
(4) Planting mother bamboos:
randomly selecting points in a Chinese chestnut forest in advance, and digging 150 planting holes with the specification of 60cm in length, 50cm in width and 50cm in depth for each mu; after digging the hole, applying enough base fertilizer, backfilling surface soil to fill the bottom and avoiding the direct contact of the bamboo rhizome and the fertilizer.
The planting depth of the mother bamboo is 15-20cm, namely the base of the mother bamboo stalk is exposed or flush with the ground surface. The bamboo rhizome is laid horizontally, the bamboo stalk can be inclined, and the surface soil is filled around the soil ball before covering by soil return to prevent the soil from forming a hollow space after watering.
(5) Management after planting:
the survival of the mother bamboos is guaranteed, after the planting is finished, the mother bamboos are watered thoroughly once, the watering is not needed within 15 days generally, and the once-watering mode is still adopted for the secondary drought, so that the growth requirement of the bamboo plants is met.
Dibbling and fertilizing to induce the expansion of bamboo rhizome and fast afforestation. Fertilizing in semilunar fish scale pits at a distance of 60-80cm from the mother bamboo twice a year, applying a penis promoting fertilizer in 3-4 months for the first time, and applying an overwintering fertilizer in 10-11 months for the second time to supplement nutrients for the forest land. After the mother bamboos survive, small bamboo shoots near the mother bamboos are timely dug out, and distant new bamboos are kept for breeding to induce the bamboo rhizome to grow outwards.
(6) Gradient harvesting of summer bamboo shoots:
harvesting and keeping the bamboo shoots for rest (generally for 7-8 months), wherein the bamboo shoot emergence time is different according to the different altitudes, the bamboo shoots at low altitudes are early (generally for 7-8 months), and the bamboo shoots at high altitudes are late (generally for 9-10 months).
Timely removing small bamboo shoot near mother bamboo, and keeping young bamboo to induce bamboo rhizome to grow outwards. Dividing 3 gradients according to the distance between the new bamboo shoots and the mother bamboo shoots, and performing gradient bamboo shoot collection and remaining culture, which is detailed in table 1.
Table 1: and (5) harvesting and keeping the new bamboo shoots in a gradient manner.
Digging when the height of the bamboo shoots is 5-10cm after the emergence of the soil, wherein the bamboo shoots are excellent in quality and delicious in taste.
Example 1
In 2018, 10 months to 2021, 8 months, the inventor develops a transformation experiment for cultivating summer bamboo shoots in a degenerated Chinese chestnut forest in the Lishui Longquan city and the Taixiang, selects 9 mu of degenerated Chinese chestnut forest with similar sample plot conditions to cultivate and transform summer bamboo shoots, and the test process is as follows:
(1) 9 mu of degraded Chinese chestnut forest with an elevation of about 800 and a slope of 15-25 degrees and provided with an irrigation water source or capable of conducting water diversion and irrigation is selected.
(2) And in 2018, 11 and 5 days, the land is subjected to land preparation and soil turning, the root systems of the trees are prevented from being damaged, the land turning depth is about 25cm, and meanwhile, the miscellaneous irrigation of the land is removed.
(3) Randomly selecting points in 9 mu of degraded Chinese chestnut forest land in 2018, 11 months, 15 days to 18 days, digging 150 planting holes in each mu, wherein the planting holes are in the specification (the length is 60cm, the width is 50cm and the depth is 50 cm). After digging the hole, applying enough base fertilizer, backfilling surface soil to fill the bottom and avoiding the direct contact of the bamboo rhizome and the fertilizer.
(4) And 11, 20 days in 2018, selecting healthy August bamboo mother bamboos without diseases and insect pests, wherein the August bamboo mother bamboos are 1-2-year old and 1.5-2.5cm in ground diameter in a mother bamboo base. When digging mother bamboo, judging the direction of the penis coming from the mother bamboo and the penis removing direction, and keeping more than 15cm for penis removing; digging and taking soil balls, wherein the size of the soil balls is at least 10 times of the diameter of the bamboo stalks, and the soil balls cannot shake when taking seedlings. And after the digging is finished, immediately transporting the Chinese chestnuts to a degraded Chinese chestnut forest land.
(5) Putting mother bamboo into planting hole in 2018, 11 month and 21 day, exposing mother bamboo (stem base) or leveling to ground surface, laying bamboo rhizome, and covering with soil. After planting, watering thoroughly at one time.
(6) And 3, in 2019, in 30 months, applying penis promoting fertilizer in semilunar fish scale pits at a distance of 60-80cm from the mother bamboo to induce the bamboo penis to grow outwards. And 4, 2019, 4, 15 days, the survival rate of the mother bamboos in each sample plot is investigated and counted, and the details are shown in table 2.
Table 2: statistics table for the number of planted and survived mother plants in each sample plot.
As can be seen from table 2, in the transformation of the degenerated Chinese chestnut forest, the survival rate of the mother bamboos of the augusta planted in each sample plot reaches more than 80%, and the highest survival rate of the mother bamboos of the No. 8 sample plot is 92%.
(7) Harvesting and keeping the bamboo shoots for a long time in 2019, 7-8 months, timely digging out small bamboo shoots near mother bamboos, and keeping the new bamboo shoots far away for a long time to induce the bamboo rhizome to grow outwards. Dividing 3 gradients according to the distance between the new bamboo shoots and the mother bamboo shoots, and performing gradient bamboo shoot collection and remaining culture, which is detailed in table 1.
Table 1: and (5) harvesting and keeping the new bamboo shoots in a gradient manner.
(8) And in 2019, 10 and 30 months, and in a position 60-80cm away from mother bamboos, adopting half-moon-shaped fish scale pits to apply winter fertilizer to supplement nutrients for forest lands.
(9) After the first year, the degraded chestnut forest and the planted Bayue bamboo are managed according to the same method, and after 3 years, the stable period is entered. And (4) surveying and counting the yield of the bamboos in August every year since the improvement and the average distance of the expansion of the bamboos in August three years later, namely the distance from the outermost new bamboo to the mother bamboo. See table 3 for details.
Table 3: mu yield of the bamboos in August in nearly three years, average ground diameter of new bamboos and expansion distance.
Example 2
In 25/7/2020, the inventors randomly picked 10 Bayue bamboo shoots, and conducted quality testing of the bamboo shoots by a relevant testing facility, and examined the indices and test reports (see Table 4).
Table 4: and (5) detecting the quality of the Bayue bamboo shoots.
Through the technical measures, the problems caused by the degradation of the Chinese chestnut forest are relieved. Through the improvement of the cultivation of the degraded chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots, the vegetation coverage rate in the chestnut forest land is improved, and the economic output value of the chestnut forest is increased. The core technology of the new mode of the Chinese chestnut forest and the August bamboo fully forms underground nutrient balance according to deep underground root systems and shallow root systems of small-diameter bamboo in the Chinese chestnut forest; meanwhile, the overground Chinese chestnut forest is relatively high, and the small-diameter bamboos are relatively low, so that the overground space is dislocated and fused, and the effect of low investment and high yield of forest land operation is exerted. Compared with the Chinese chestnut forest which is not modified, the average acre yield of the Chinese chestnuts is increased by 28 kg/year through the cultivation and modification of the summer bamboo shoots, the yield of the summer bamboo shoots is increased on the basis of the increase of the harvest of the Chinese chestnuts every year, the yield of the summer bamboo shoots is increased by 1000 yuan/mu in 3 years, and the newly increased yield per mu can reach more than 3500 yuan after the mature forest is formed. The method realizes that the original Chinese chestnut forest is not damaged, the new output of the forest land can be increased, the Chinese chestnut and the small-diameter bamboo are organically combined for cultivation, the method is an effective method for improving the degraded Chinese chestnut forest, and is suitable for driving the regional mode improvement and upgrading of the degraded Chinese chestnut forest.
Claims (7)
1. A transformation method for cultivating degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a degraded Chinese chestnut forest; (2) soil preparation before planting summer bamboo shoots; (3) selecting and digging mother bamboos; (4) planting mother bamboos; (5) managing after planting; (6) harvesting summer bamboo shoots in a gradient manner; the degraded Chinese chestnut forest is operated for more than 15 years, and the problems of reduced yield and quality of Chinese chestnuts occur; the summer bamboo shoots are bamboo shoots produced by the bamboos in August, are delicious in taste and effectively supplement the situation that the summer bamboo shoots are not edible by fresh bamboo shoots.
2. The improvement method for cultivating summer bamboo shoots in a degenerated Chinese chestnut forest according to claim 1, wherein the degeneration Chinese chestnut forest is selected in the step (1):
and (3) modifying the degraded Chinese chestnut forest which has the elevation of more than 400m and the gradient of less than 35 degrees and is provided with an irrigation water source or can conduct water diversion and irrigation.
3. The improvement method for cultivating degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the step (2) of preparing soil before planting summer bamboo shoots:
and (3) after 15 days of Chinese chestnut harvest in the current year, carrying out soil preparation and turning on the forest land to avoid damaging the root system of the trees, wherein the turning and cultivating depth is about 25cm, and meanwhile, clearing the miscellaneous irrigation of the forest land.
4. The improvement method for cultivating degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection and digging of mother bamboos in the step (3):
selecting a healthy Maackia bambusicola mother bamboo which is 1-2 years old, 1.5-2.5cm in ground diameter and free of diseases and insect pests in autumn and winter; when digging mother bamboo, judging the direction of the penis coming from the mother bamboo and the penis removing direction, and keeping more than 15cm for penis removing; digging soil balls with the size at least 10 times of the diameter of the bamboo stalks; the seedlings can not be shaken when being taken, so as to avoid damaging the whip buds and reduce the transplanting survival rate of the mother bamboos.
5. The improvement method for cultivating degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the planting of mother bamboos in the step (4):
randomly selecting points in a Chinese chestnut forest in advance, and digging 150 planting holes with the specification of 60cm in length, 50cm in width and 50cm in depth for each mu; after the holes are dug, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, the surface soil is backfilled to fill the bottom, and the bamboo rhizome is prevented from directly contacting with the fertilizer;
the planting depth of the mother bamboo is 15-20cm, namely the base of the mother bamboo stalk is exposed or flush with the ground surface; the bamboo rhizome is laid horizontally, the bamboo stalk can be inclined, and the surface soil is filled around the soil ball before covering by soil return to prevent the soil from forming a hollow space after watering.
6. The improvement method for cultivating degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the management after planting in the step (5):
the survival of the mother bamboos is guaranteed, after the planting is finished, the mother bamboos are watered thoroughly once, the watering is not needed within 15 days generally, and the once-watering mode is still adopted for the secondary drought, so that the growth requirement of the bamboo plants is met;
fertilizing at 60-80cm away from the mother bamboo by half-moon fish scale pit, twice a year, applying penis promoting fertilizer in 3-4 months for the first time, and applying overwintering fertilizer in 10-11 months for the second time to supplement nutrients for forest land; after the mother bamboos survive, small bamboo shoots near the mother bamboos are timely dug out, and distant new bamboos are kept for breeding to induce the bamboo rhizome to grow outwards.
7. The improvement method for cultivating degraded Chinese chestnut forest summer bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the step (6) of gradient harvesting of summer bamboo shoots is as follows:
digging out small bamboo shoots near the mother bamboo in time, and reserving and cultivating new bamboo shoots far away, wherein bamboo shoots can be induced to grow outwards;
digging when the height of the bamboo shoots is 5-10cm after the emergence of the soil, wherein the bamboo shoots are excellent in quality and delicious in taste.
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Application publication date: 20211105 |