CN113568250A - 数字摄像机及用于提供聚焦及补偿摄像机倾斜的方法 - Google Patents

数字摄像机及用于提供聚焦及补偿摄像机倾斜的方法 Download PDF

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CN113568250A
CN113568250A CN202110900796.6A CN202110900796A CN113568250A CN 113568250 A CN113568250 A CN 113568250A CN 202110900796 A CN202110900796 A CN 202110900796A CN 113568250 A CN113568250 A CN 113568250A
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CN113568250B (zh
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吉尔·巴哈
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Corephotonics Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了数字摄像机及用于提供聚焦及补偿摄像机倾斜的方法，其中数字摄像机包括一透镜，具有一透镜光轴、一图像传感器及第一与第二光路折叠元件(OPFEs)，其中所述第二光路折叠元件最靠近所述图像传感器，其中所述透镜可操作以在基本上平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在基本上垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上移动，其中所述第二光路折叠元件可操作以在所述第一方向上移动，并且其中所述透镜与所述第二光路折叠元件的所述组合运动可操作以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一及第二方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。

Description

数字摄像机及用于提供聚焦及补偿摄像机倾斜的方法
本申请为申请号201980006227.8(PCT/IB2019/050059)、申请日2019年01月03日、发明名称为“具有光学图像稳定化的折叠摄像机”的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求2018年2月12日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/629,298的优先权，其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本文所公开的实施例基本上涉及数字摄像机，尤其折叠摄像机及结合在例如智能手机的移动电子装置内的双折叠摄像机。
背景技术
一典型数字摄像机包含一图像传感器(或简称为“传感器”)及一透镜。所述透镜在所述传感器上形成一图像。一透镜模组可以包含通常组装在一个透镜镜筒内的多个透镜元件。折叠摄像机(folded cameras,FCs)及双折叠摄像机(double-folded cameras,DFCs)是众所周知的，参见例如共同拥有的国际专利申请第PCT/IB2015/056004号。折叠摄像机包含一附加的光路折叠元件(optical path folding element,OPFE)，其将来自物体的光折叠到透镜。所述光路折叠元件可以是例如一棱镜或一反射镜。双折叠摄像机包含一第二光路折叠元件，其将来自所述透镜的光折叠到所述图像传感器。这样的摄像机可以具有聚焦及自动聚焦能力。具有光学图像稳定化(optical image stabilization,OIS)能力的折叠摄像机也是众所周知的。
具有一“分散的”(或“分离的”)透镜的折叠摄像机是其中一个或多个透镜元件安装在一成像物体与所述光路折叠元件之间的所述光路中的折叠摄像机，而其他透镜元件则安装在所述光路折叠元件与所述图像传感器之间的所述光路中(例如，华硕的ZenFoneZoom)。
发明内容
在示例性实施例中，提供了一种数字摄像机，包括：一透镜，具有一透镜光轴；一图像传感器；一第一光路折叠元件(OPFE)，用于将从一第一光路中的一物体抵达的光折叠到基本上与所述透镜光轴对准的一第二光路；以及一第二光路折叠元件，用于将来自所述第二光路的光折叠到朝向所述图像传感器的一第三光路，其中所述第三光路基本上与所述第一光路平行；其中所述第一及第三光路基本上正交于所述第二光路，其中所述透镜可操作以在基本上平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在基本上垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上移动，其中所述第二光路折叠元件可操作以在所述第一方向上移动，并且其中所述透镜与所述第二光路折叠元件的所述组合运动可操作以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一及第二方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。所述第一及第二光路折叠元件可以是棱镜、反射镜或一棱镜及一反射镜。
在一些实施例中，所述透镜固定地附接到所述第一光路折叠元件，以形成一透镜-光路折叠元件组件。
在一些实施例中，所述透镜是一折叠透镜。
在示例性实施例中，提供了多种方法，用于在一折叠摄像机模块内提供聚焦及光学图像稳定化，所述折叠摄像机模块包含一第一光路折叠元件(OPFE)，用于将来自具有一第一光轴的一第一光路的光折叠到具有一第二光轴的一第二光路，所述第二光轴平行于所述第一光轴、一透镜模块，承载具有平行于所述第二光轴的一对称轴的一透镜，以及一第二光路折叠元件，用于将来自所述第二光路的光折叠到朝向所述图像传感器的一第三光路，所述方法包含：在基本上平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在基本上垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上移动所述透镜；以及在所述第一方向上移动所述第二光路折叠元件；其中所述透镜与所述第二光路折叠元件的所述组合运动可操作以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一及第二方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
附图说明
以下参考在此段落之后列出的附图来描述本文公开的实施例的非限制性示例。出现在多个附图中的相同结构、元件或部件通常在所有出现的附图中均标有相同的数字。附图和说明书意在说明和阐明本文公开的实施例，并且不应被认为以任何方式进行限制。在附图中：
图1A根据本公开主题的一示例，以一总体透视图示意地示出了一双折叠摄像机(DFC)。
图1B从一侧视图示出了图1A的所述双折叠摄像机。
图1C从一俯视图示出了图1A的所述双折叠摄像机。
图2A根据本公开主题的另一示例，以一总体透视图示意地示出了一双折叠摄像机(DFC)。
图2B从一侧视图示出了图2A的所述双折叠摄像机。
图2C从一俯视图示出了图2A的所述双折叠摄像机。
图3A根据本公开主题的又一示例，以一总体透视图示意地示出了一双折叠摄像机(DFC)。
图3B从一侧视图示出了图3A的所述双折叠摄像机。
图3C从一俯视图示出了图3A的所述双折叠摄像机。
图4根据本公开主题的一示例，以一总体透视图示意地示出了另一双折叠摄像机设计。
具体实施方式
在下面的详细描述中，阐述了许多具体细节以便提供透彻的理解。然而，本领域技术人员将理解，可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践当前公开的主题。在其他情况下，未详细描述公知的方法，以免模糊当前公开的主题。
应当理解，为清楚起见，在单独的实施例的上下文中描述的当前公开的主题的某些特征也可以在单个实施例中组合提供。相反，为简洁起见，在单个实施例的上下文中描述的当前公开的主题的各种特征也可以单独地或以任何合适的子组合来提供。
本文所公开的术语“处理单元”应广义地解释为包括具有数据处理电路的任何种类的电子设备，其包括例如可操作地连接到能够执行各种数据处理操作的计算机存储器(例如，数字信号处理器(DSP)、微控制器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、专用集成电路(ASIC)等))的计算机处理设备。
此外，为了清楚起见，术语“基本上”在本文中用来暗示在可接受范围内值变化的可能性。根据一个示例，在此使用的术语“基本上”应该被解释为暗示在任何规定值之上或之下的高达10％的可能变化。根据另一个示例，在此使用的术语“基本上”应该被解释为暗示在任何指定值之上或之下的高达5％的可能变化。根据另一个示例，本文中使用的术语“基本上”应该被解释为暗示在任何指定值之上或之下的高达2.5％的可能变化。
图1A、图1B及图1C分别地示出了根据本公开主题的一示例标号为100的一双折叠摄像机(DFC)的示意透视图、侧视图及俯视图。所示出的一种正交X-Y-Z坐标(“轴”)系统也应用于所有以下附图。这种坐标系统是示例性的。双折叠摄像机100包含一第一光路折叠元件102(在此示例性地为一棱镜)、一透镜104、一第二光路折叠元件(在此示例性地也为棱镜)106及一图像传感器108。在其它实施例中，光路折叠元件102及106可以是反射镜。透镜104具有一透镜光轴110。如本领域中已知的，透镜104的特征是一固定有效焦距(effectivefocal length,EFL)。固定有效焦距以长度单位(微米(μm)、毫米(mm)或米(m))来测量。光轴110在本文中也可以被称为“折叠摄像机光轴”。从一物体(未示出)抵达的光通过第一光路折叠元件102折叠到基本上与透镜光轴110对准的一第二光路114，通过透镜104，光通过第二光路折叠元件106再次折叠到一第三光路116，并且成像在图像传感器108上以形成一图像。所有的光路都标记在图1B中。
在双折叠摄像机100中，第二光路折叠元件106将所述光路折叠到远离所述物体侧的一方向(在给定的所述坐标系统中的负Z方向)，并且图像传感器108相对于光路折叠元件106处于所述负Z方向。然而，这不是强制性的，并且通过光路折叠元件106的折叠可以在相反方向(更靠近所述物体侧)来完成。图4中所呈现的这种配置示出了一双折叠摄像机400，其具有与双折叠摄像机100相同编号及功能的所有元件，除了图像传感器108相对于光路折叠元件106处于所述正Z方向上之外。以上及以下的所有分析都适用于这样的一种状况。所述第一及第三光路(112及116)基本上平行。第二光路114正交于所述第一及第三光路(112及116)。在所有附图中使用的所述XYZ坐标系中，所述第一及第三光路(112及116)沿所述Z轴放置，而第二光路114沿X轴放置。所述Y轴垂直于所述第一、第二及第三光路。因此，双折叠摄像机100可以捕获来自物体在图像传感器108上的图像，所述物体通常在基本上正交于所述第一光路的平面中。图像传感器108输出一输出图像。所述输出图像可以由一图像信号处理器(image signal processor,ISP-未示出)来处理，用于去马赛克、白平衡、镜头阴影校正、不良像素校正及图像信号处理器设计领域中已知的其他处理。
在双折叠摄像机100中，可以激活多个元件(即，线性地移动或偏移)。透镜104及第二光路折叠元件106的致动方向在图1C中由虚线箭头标记。透镜104可以在平面XY中致动。在所述X方向(沿镜头光轴110)上偏移透镜104可以改变所述系统的所述聚焦位置。在所述Y方向(正交于透镜光轴110及第一光路112两者的一方向)上偏移透镜104会在所述Y方向上偏移图像传感器上的所述图像。在所述Y方向上偏移所述图像传感器上的所述图像可以用来创建光学图像稳定化，藉此沿所述X轴校正双折叠摄像机100的倾斜(也称为所述双折叠摄像机的“一第一倾斜的校正”)。第二光路折叠元件106也可以在所述X方向上致动。在所述X方向上偏移第二光路折叠元件106同时地创建两种效果：所述第一效果是改变所述系统的所述聚焦平面(即，改变聚焦在所述图像传感器上的一平面到所述摄像机的所述距离)；所述第二效果是在所述X方向上偏移所述图像传感器上的所述图像。在所述X方向上偏移所述图像传感器的所述图像可以用来创建光学图像稳定化，以沿所述Y轴校正双折叠摄像机100的倾斜(也称为所述双折叠摄像机的“一第二倾斜的校正”)。总之，上述的所述致动及移动提供了3个自由度(degrees of freedom,DOF)(在X方向上的偏移所述透镜、在Y方向上的偏移所述透镜以及在X方向上的偏移所述第二光路折叠元件)，这样可以用于三个光学效果：如表1所示，在两个方向上聚焦及光学图像稳定化。为了清楚起见，表1中的α及β分别是所述摄像机的所述“第一倾斜”及所述“第二倾斜”。因此，这三个光学效果可以以本文所述的3-移动自由度(即，3个自由度中的移动)的一线性总和来实现。
Figure BDA0003199725880000061
表1
用于在两个方向上致动一透镜的致动方法是已知的。这样的致动可以使用音圈电机(voice coil motors,VCMs)来执行，例如共同拥有的国际专利申请第PCT/IB2016/052143号、第PCT/IB2016/052179号及第PCT/IB2017/054088号中所描述的。在一方向上致动任何光学元件也是已知的，例如美国专利第8,810,714号所描述的。其他致动方法可能包含使用步进电机、形状记忆合金电机、压电电机、微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanicalsystem,MEMS)电机等。
图2A、图2B及图2C分别地示出了据本公开主题的另一示例标号为200的一双折叠摄像机的示意透视图、侧视图及俯视图。双折叠摄像机200包含与双折叠摄像机100相同的元件，并且以相同的数字编号。在双折叠摄像机200中，第一光路折叠元件102及透镜104被制造为一个(集成的)部分，即形成一透镜棱镜组件202。透镜棱镜组件202可以如同双折叠摄像机100中的透镜104一样地致动，即在平面XY中沿X方向和/或沿Y方向。在平面XY中致动透镜棱镜组件202具有一良好近似相同的光学效果，如同在摄像机100的平面XY中致动透镜104。在双折叠摄像机200中，第二光路折叠元件106可以在与双折叠摄像机100中相同的方向上偏移，并具有相同的光学效果。因此，在系统200中，所述三个光学效果也可以以本文所述的3-移动自由度的一线性总和来实现。
图3A、图3B及图3C分别地示出了据本公开主题的又一示例标号为300的一双折叠摄像机的示意透视图、侧视图及俯视图。双折叠摄像机300相似于双折叠摄像机200，除了镜头棱镜组件202由一折叠透镜302所取代之外。折叠透镜302在上面定义的意义上是一分散的(分离的)折叠透镜：它包含多个透镜元件及所述第一光路折叠元件，其中所述多个透镜元件中的一些(例如，一透镜元件304)定位在第一光路112中的所述光路折叠元件之前，而一个或多个透镜元件定位在第二光路114中的所述光路折叠元件之后，例如包含在一镜筒306内。在共同拥有的美国专利申请No.16/310,690中可以看到设计折叠透镜302的一示例。折叠透镜302具有与透镜棱镜组件202相同的光学特性。折叠透镜302可以像双折叠摄像机100中的透镜104及双折叠摄像机200中的透镜棱镜组件202一样地致动，即在平面XY中沿X方向和/或沿Y方向。在平面XY中致动折叠透镜302具有相同的光学效果，如同在双折叠摄像机透镜棱镜组件202中的平面XY中致动透镜棱镜组件202。在双折叠摄像机300中，第二光路折叠元件106可以在与双折叠摄像机100中相同的方向上偏移，并具有相同的光学效果。因此，在系统300中，所述三个光学效果也可以以本文所述的3-移动自由度的一线性总和来实现。
尽管已经根据某些实施例和通常相关联的方法描述了本公开，但是对于本领域技术人员而言，实施例和方法的变更和置换将是显而易见的。应当理解，本公开内容不受本文所述的具体实施方案的限制，而仅受所附权利要求书的范围的限制。
除非另有说明，否则在选择选项列表的最后两个成员之间使用表达“和/或”表示选择一个或多个列出的选项是合适的，并且可以进行选择。
应该理解的是，在权利要求书或说明书中提及“一个”或“一种”元件的情况下，这种引用不应被解释为仅存在这类元件中的一个。
在本说明书中提及的所有参考文献均通过引用以其整体并入本文，其程度就好像每个单独的参考文献被具体地和单独地指示为通过引用并入本文。此外，在本申请中对任何参考文献的引用或标识均不应解释为承认该参考文献可作为本发明的现有技术。

Claims (14)

1.一种数字摄像机，包括：
a)一透镜，具有一透镜光轴；
b)一图像传感器；
c)一第一光路折叠元件(OPFE)，用于将从一第一光路中的一物体抵达的光折叠到与所述透镜光轴对准的一第二光路；以及
d)一第二光路折叠元件，用于将来自所述第二光路的光折叠到朝向所述图像传感器的一第三光路，其中所述第三光路与所述第一光路平行；
其中所述第一及第三光路与所述第二光路正交，并且其中所述透镜可操作以在平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上移动，以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
2.如权利要求1所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第一和/或第二光路折叠元件是一棱镜。
3.如权利要求1所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第一和/或第二光路折叠元件是一反射镜。
4.如权利要求1所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第一光路折叠元件或第二光路折叠元件中的一个是一棱镜，并且其中所述第一光路折叠元件或第二光路折叠元件中的另一个是一反射镜。
5.一种用于提供聚焦及补偿摄像机倾斜的方法，包含：
a)提供一摄像机，包括一透镜，具有一透镜光轴、一图像传感器、一第一光路折叠元件(OPFE)以及一第二光路折叠元件，所述第一光路折叠元件用于将从一第一光路中的一物体抵达的光折叠到与所述透镜光轴对准的一第二光路，所述第二光路折叠元件用于将来自所述第二光路的光折叠到朝向所述图像传感器的一第三光路，其中所述第三光路与所述第一光路平行，并且其中所述第一及第三光路与所述第二光路正交；以及
b)在平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上移动所述分离的折叠透镜，以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
6.一种数字摄像机，包括：
a)一透镜，具有一透镜光轴；
b)一图像传感器；
c)一第一光路折叠元件(OPFE)，用于将从一第一光路中的一物体抵达的光折叠到与所述透镜光轴对准的一第二光路；以及
d)一第二光路折叠元件，用于将来自所述第二光路的光折叠到朝向所述图像传感器的一第三光路，其中所述第三光路与所述第一光路平行；
其中所述第一及第三光路与所述第二光路正交，其中所述第一光路折叠元件及所述透镜可操作以在平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上以一组件一起移动，以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
7.如权利要求6所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第二光路折叠元件及所述组件可操作以在平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上一起移动，以沿所述第二方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
8.如权利要求6所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述透镜固定地附接到所述第一光路折叠元件。
9.如权利要求6所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述透镜是一折叠透镜。
10.如权利要求6所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第一和/或第二光路折叠元件是一棱镜。
11.如权利要求6所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第一和/或第二光路折叠元件是一反射镜。
12.如权利要求6所述的数字摄像机，其特征在于：所述第一光路折叠元件或第二光路折叠元件中的一个是一棱镜，并且其中所述第一光路折叠元件或第二光路折叠元件中的另一个是一反射镜。
13.一种用于提供聚焦及补偿摄像机倾斜的方法，包含：
a)提供一摄像机，包括一透镜，具有一透镜光轴、一图像传感器、一第一光路折叠元件(OPFE)以及一第二光路折叠元件，所述第一光路折叠元件用于将从一第一光路中的一物体抵达的光折叠到与所述透镜光轴对准的一第二光路，所述第二光路折叠元件用于将来自所述第二光路的光折叠到朝向所述图像传感器的一第三光路，其中所述第三光路与所述第一光路平行，并且其中所述第一及第三光路与所述第二光路正交；以及
b)在平行于所述透镜光轴的一第一方向上及在垂直于所述第一及第二光路的一第二方向上以一组件一起移动所述第一光路折叠元件及所述透镜，以提供聚焦并且沿所述第一方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，更包括：在平行于所述透镜光轴的所述第一方向上一起移动所述第二光路折叠元件及所述组件，以沿所述第二方向补偿所述摄像机的倾斜。
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