CN113508719B - Method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of toona sinensis under forest - Google Patents
Method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of toona sinensis under forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN113508719B CN113508719B CN202110309080.9A CN202110309080A CN113508719B CN 113508719 B CN113508719 B CN 113508719B CN 202110309080 A CN202110309080 A CN 202110309080A CN 113508719 B CN113508719 B CN 113508719B
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
- D21H21/08—Dispersing agents for fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
- D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of toona sinensis in a forest, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest, preparing a decomposed farmyard manure by adopting residues under the forest, and applying the farmyard manure under the forest as a base fertilizer; s2: uniformly planting Chinese toons; watering every 5-15 days; spraying urea aqueous solution on leaf surfaces when the Chinese toons emerge; spraying urea aqueous solution on the leaf surface after 3-5 months; spraying potassium sulfate solution on leaf surfaces after 6 months; s3: sequentially performing topping, spraying phytohormone and selenium-rich fertilizer, and sleeving a brown or white novel environment-friendly bagging paper on the tops of the branches; s4: collecting the Chinese toon sprouts, spraying plant hormone again, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer, and bagging to enable the Chinese toon sprouts to continue growing. The invention adopts the self-made brown or white novel environment-friendly bagging paper, breaks through the limitation of adopting the black bagging paper in the hot and humid weather in the south, combines the spraying of plant hormone, the spraying of selenium-rich fertilizer and the scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management, can obtain high-quality toona sinensis buds, and improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting and cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of toona sinensis under a forest.
Background
The Toona sinensis is leaf bud of Toona sinensis (A: juss.) Roem, also called Toona sinensis head, toona sinensis, and Toona sinensis bud, which are called "vegetables on tree" and "green food". The Chinese toon sprouts have aromatic flavor, are rich in nutrition and have high medicinal value. Modern medical research also proves that the toona sinensis has the effects of beautifying and resisting bacteria. The toona sinensis contains rich substances such as vitamin C, carotene and the like, is beneficial to enhancing the immunity of organisms, has good skin lubrication effect, and is a good food for health care and beauty. The current commercial toons mainly comprise: three kinds of wild Chinese toon, chinese toon in field and Chinese toon in greenhouse. These cedrela sinensis have some problems of blackening in color, poor quality, low yield, easy pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of Chinese toons under a forest, which is characterized in that brown or white novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared, the limitation of black bagging paper adopted by wet heat in the weather in the south is broken through, gibberellin spraying, selenium-rich fertilizer spraying and scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management are combined, high-quality Chinese toon buds can be obtained, and the economic benefit of planting under the forest is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of Chinese toon under a forest, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting low-hill ecological public welfare pine forests, removing competing woods under the forests, preparing decomposed farmyard manure by adopting residues under the forests, applying the decomposed farmyard manure under the forests as base fertilizer, and applying the decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of land at least 2000kg;
s2: uniformly planting Chinese toon with planting density of 50-100 plants/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Watering the Chinese toon every 5-15 days; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.5-1% on leaf surfaces when the Chinese toons emerge; 3-5 months later, spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 3-5% on the leaf surface; spraying a potassium sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 3-5% on the leaf surface after 6 months;
s3: when the height of the cedrela sinensis seedlings is 40-80 cm from the ground, cutting the tops, spraying phytohormone after cutting the tops, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer when the bud length is 2-6 cm, sleeving a brown or white novel environment-friendly bagging paper on the tops of the branches, and binding the openings of the bags;
s4: when the tender shoots grow to 8-15 cm, opening a bag to collect the Chinese toon buds, then spraying phytohormone again, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer again when the buds grow to 2-6 cm, and then bagging and binding the bag opening to enable the Chinese toon buds to continue growing.
Further, in the step S2, the preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
a: cutting 20-25 parts by weight of the residues under the forest into 2-5 cm pieces, soaking by spraying water, and mixing with 75-80 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of quicklime to obtain a base material mixture; firing 0.1-2 parts by weight of the residue under the forest into biochar, grinding into fine powder, and mixing with 0.012-0.024 parts by weight of a starter to obtain a microbial inoculum mixture;
b: then spreading a layer of primer mixture, spreading a layer of microbial inoculum mixture, and gradually mixing until the spreading is finished, wherein the water content is controlled to be 60-70%; the pile is built with the bottom width of 2-2.5 m, the top width of 1-1.5 m and the height of 1-1.5 m, the pile body is compact and moderate, and a vent pipe is inserted on the pile; covering the materials with plastic films after stacking and forming, and sealing the edges with soil;
c: turning the pile when the pile temperature rises to 60 ℃, starting when the pile temperature rises to 50 ℃ again, turning 1 time for 3 days, turning the pile again, and finishing the pile when the pile temperature is stabilized below 40 ℃ to obtain the decomposed farmyard manure.
Further, the starter is a beneficial biological bacterial manure starter produced by beneficial biological engineering limited company.
Further, in the step S1, the base fertilizer also comprises not less than 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 kg of urea.
In the step S3, the plant hormone is gibberellin; the selenium-rich fertilizer is obtained by mixing 5-10 mL/kg of water with organic water-soluble fertilizer of Zhengselenbao produced by North Guangxi spray treasures Co.
Further, in the step S3, the novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50 to 60 parts of pine pulp, 10 to 20 parts of rush pulp, 20 to 30 parts of deinked pulp, 5 to 10 parts of rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 0.1 to 1 part, 20 to 25 parts of reinforcing agent, 50 to 60 parts of wet strength agent and 2 to 5 parts of dispersing agent.
Further, the reinforcing agent is modified cationic corn starch with the substitution degree of 0.01-0.05;
the wet strength agent is polyamide polypropylene oxide resin;
the dispersing agent is anionic polyacrylamide;
further, the modified nano TiO 2 The preparation method of (2) comprises the following steps:
dissolving a silane coupling agent in an ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 85-95%; nano TiO 2 Adding the dispersion slurry into silane coupling agent solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.2-0.8 h, slowly heating to 75-80 ℃, adjusting the pH of the system to 9-10 by sodium hydroxide, centrifuging after the reaction is completed, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the modified nano TiO 2 。
Further, the preparation method of the novel environment-friendly bagging paper comprises the following steps:
a: peeling pine wood and rush respectively, pulping to obtain pine wood pulp and rush pulp;
b: pulping wood pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp respectivelyMixing pulped pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp, mixing pulp, adding rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 The reinforcing agent, the wet strength agent and the dispersing agent are uniformly mixed to obtain mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry is sequentially subjected to screening, purifying, net forming, squeezing and drying to obtain the novel environment-friendly bagging paper.
In the step B, the beating degree of deinked pulp is 35-40 DEG SR; the beating degree of the pine pulp is 25-30 DEG SR; the beating degree of the rush pith is 16-20 DEG SR.
The invention has the following beneficial effect plants:
1. the invention reasonably utilizes the space under the forest for planting, can improve the quality of the Chinese toon, greatly reduce the wind speed, regulate the air temperature and well control the illumination intensity and time due to the shielding effect of the forest; the forest contains abundant terpene substances and other forest vitality elements, so that bacteria can be killed strongly, the occurrence of diseases is greatly reduced, and the pesticide consumption is reduced; and the forest can accumulate a plurality of negative oxygen ions, which is very beneficial to the healthy growth of the Chinese toon. The obtained toona sinensis buds are bright in color, fresh and tender, clean and sanitary, delicious in taste, rich in nutrition, full and strong in leaf buds, high in yield and excellent in quality.
2. The invention reasonably designs the formula of the decomposed farmyard manure, adopts the residue under the forest as the main raw material, and achieves the purposes of taking local materials, effectively recycling waste leaf buds, reducing cost and circularly, green and efficiently cultivating the Chinese toon; the residues under the forest comprise branches, leaves and other materials, are rich in organic matters, humic acid, a small amount of vitamins, auxins, trace elements and the like, can improve soil and promote the growth and development of plants, and can be made into biochar, and honeycomb particles of the biochar become a reservoir of moisture and fertilizer, so that the soil fertility can be improved; the quicklime can supply calcium literacy on one hand, and can neutralize hydrogen ions and active iron and aluminum ions in acidic and precipitated acidic soil on the other hand, so that side effects of the ions in high concentration are reduced, partial organic acid is neutralized, the pH value is increased, the effective utilization of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and molybdenum in the soil is promoted, the inhibition of the peracid on the activity of organic microorganisms is reduced, the supply of available nutrients is facilitated, and the formation of soil aggregate structures is facilitated. The prepared decomposed farmyard manure can promote the growth of Chinese toon seedlings, improve the survival rate and promote the nutrition accumulation.
3. According to the invention, plant hormones are sprayed after the top of the cedrela sinensis seedlings is cut off, so that the growth of leaf buds can be stimulated and promoted, the leaf buds grow uniformly and firmly, and the yield is improved; the novel environment-friendly bagging paper is sleeved on the cedrela sinensis seedlings sprayed with the plant hormones, so that a small environment capable of keeping high humidity and beneficial to moisturizing and growing plant leaves is manufactured, namely, the cedrela sinensis is sleeved with a protective film, and the damage of diseases, insects and birds can be prevented through bagging; dust, environmental pollution and pesticide residue are reduced; the wind branch scraping mill and hail injury are reduced, so that new leaves and tender buds of the Chinese toon are protected to be intact, leaf and bud rust are obviously reduced, the Chinese toon is smooth and beautiful, the bagged Chinese toon grows under the shading condition, chlorophyll synthesis is inhibited, and therefore leaf buds are inhibited from becoming old. According to the invention, the selenium-rich fertilizer is sprayed before bagging, so that the activity of antioxidant enzyme in the Chinese toon body can be improved, the aging of leaves can be effectively slowed down, the distribution of plant leaf layers can be regulated, and the internal tissue structure of the leaves can be improved, thereby improving the taste. The invention reasonably controls the concentration of the selenium-rich fertilizer, and a proper amount of selenium can promote the plants to absorb Ca, mg, mn, zn, P, K and other elements, thereby obviously improving the quality of the Chinese toon sprouts and meeting the demands of people on nutritional health foods. The selenium-rich fertilizer has positive effects on photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, transpiration rate and water utilization efficiency, and the bagging cultivation can properly inhibit the transpiration and photosynthesis, so that water loss is reduced; the spraying of plant hormone and the spraying of selenium-rich fertilizer just make up for a certain inhibition effect of bagging shading cultivation on the growth of the leaf buds, so that the mutual synergistic effect exists among the three, and the growth and nutrient accumulation of the leaf buds and the aging prevention of the leaf buds are synergistically promoted.
5. The invention reasonably designs the raw material formula of the novel environment-friendly bagging paper, wherein, the nano TiO 2 Is a nanometer material with excellent ultraviolet resistance, nanometer TiO 2 Has biological inertia and chemical stability, and simultaneously, nano TiO 2 Also has very high thermal stabilityThe Chinese toon bud leaf protective agent has the advantages of sex, non-migration, no smell, no toxicity and no irritation, is safe to use, has good ultraviolet ray shielding performance, can protect Chinese toon bud leaves from burning sun, and keeps fresh and tender. The plant bagging requires high water resistance, light-shielding performance, high strength and good air permeability. Modified nano TiO 2 The dispersibility, compatibility and interface effect in the raw materials are improved, the haze of the bagging paper is improved, and the light transmittance is reduced; the rush fiber has a porous structure, is a natural cellulose low-density porous material, has excellent specific surface area and porosity and excellent adsorption performance, can effectively adsorb substances such as gas, tiny particles and the like, so as to achieve the effects of deodorizing and air freshening, can increase the air permeability of the bagging paper, and has high elasticity, thereby playing a role in enhancing; the rosin oil has the characteristics of no decay, no humidity or soaking resistance, and has the characteristics of natural water resistance, corrosion resistance, worm damage resistance, air purification, no toxicity and environmental protection; the anionic polyacrylamide is adopted as the dispersing agent, so that good dispersibility of papermaking fibers and a forming effect of paper can be promoted, softness of paper pulp can be improved, and strength performance of the paper can be improved. Through reasonable design of proportioning relation among all components, the overall performance of the bagging paper can be improved.
6. The cultivation method provided by the invention abandons the mode of adopting black bagging paper in the prior art, self-makes brown or white novel environment-friendly bagging paper, breaks through the limitation of adopting black bagging paper in the hot and humid weather in the south, has high water resistance, good optical rotation shielding property, high strength and good air permeability, combines gibberellin spraying, selenium-rich fertilizer spraying and scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management, can obtain high-quality cedrela sinensis buds, and improves the economic benefit of planting under the forest.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following examples, which are included within the scope of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention is illustrated by the following more specific examples.
Example 1
A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of Chinese toon under a forest, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest, cutting off competing woods under the forest, preparing a decomposed farmyard manure by adopting residues under the forest, applying the decomposed farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate and urea under the forest as base fertilizers, and applying 2000kg of the decomposed farmyard manure, 80kg of the calcium superphosphate and 10kg of urea per mu;
s2: uniformly planting Chinese toons, wherein the planting density is 50 plants/mu; watering the cedrela sinensis every 5 days; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.5% on leaf surfaces when the Chinese toons emerge; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 3% on the leaf surface after 3 months; spraying a potassium sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 3% on the leaf surface after 6 months;
s3: when the height of the cedrela sinensis seedlings is 40cm from the ground, cutting the tops, spraying gibberellin, adding water into 5mL/kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer for positive selenium, produced by North China sea spraying Bao Limited company, obtaining a selenium-rich fertilizer, spraying when the bud length is 2cm, sleeving novel brown environment-friendly bagging paper on the tops of the branches, and binding the openings of the bags;
s4: when the tender shoots grow to 8cm, opening a bag to collect the Chinese toon buds, then spraying gibberellin again, when the buds grow to 2cm, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer again, bagging, and binding the bag mouth to enable the Chinese toon buds to continue growing.
In the step S2, the preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
a: cutting 20 parts by weight of the woodland residues into 3cm pieces, soaking by spraying water, and mixing with 78 parts by weight of animal manure and 1.5 parts by weight of quicklime to obtain a base material mixture; 2 parts by weight of the residue after forests are fired into biochar, then ground into fine powder, and mixed with 0.012 part by weight of beneficial biological bacterial manure starter produced by beneficial biological engineering Co., ltd to obtain a bacterial agent mixture;
b: then spreading a layer of primer mixture, spreading a layer of fungicide mixture, and gradually mixing until the spreading is finished, wherein the water content is controlled to be 65%; building a pile, wherein the bottom width is 2m, the top width is 1m, the height is 1m, the pile body is compact and moderate, and a vent pipe is inserted on the pile; covering the materials with plastic films after stacking and forming, and sealing the edges with soil;
c: turning the pile when the pile temperature rises to 60 ℃, starting when the pile temperature rises to 50 ℃ again, turning 1 time for 3 days, turning the pile again, and finishing the pile when the pile temperature is stabilized below 40 ℃ to obtain the decomposed farmyard manure.
In the step S3, the novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50 parts of pine pulp, 20 parts of rush pulp, 20 parts of deinked pulp, 7 parts of rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 0.1 part of modified cationic corn starch with the substitution degree of 0.03, 50 parts of polyamide-polyepichlorohydrin resin and 2 parts of anionic polyacrylamide.
The modified nano TiO 2 The preparation method of (2) comprises the following steps:
dissolving a silane coupling agent in an ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 85%; nano TiO 2 Adding the dispersion slurry into silane coupling agent solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.2h, slowly heating to 75 ℃, adjusting the pH of the system to 9 by sodium hydroxide, centrifuging after the reaction is completed, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified nano TiO 2 。
In the step S3, the preparation method of the novel environment-friendly bagging paper comprises the following steps:
a: peeling pine wood and rush respectively, pulping to obtain pine wood pulp and rush pulp;
b: pulping and beating pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp in sequence respectively, wherein the beating degree of the deinked pulp is 35 DEG SR, the beating degree of the pine pulp is 25 DEG SR, and the beating degree of the rush pulp is 16 DEG SR; mixing pulped pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp, mixing pulp, adding rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 The novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared by uniformly mixing modified cationic corn starch, polyamide polypropylene oxide resin and anionic polyacrylamide to obtain mixed slurry, and sequentially carrying out screening, purifying, net forming, squeezing and drying on the mixed slurry.
Example 2
A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of Chinese toon under a forest, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest, cutting off competing woods under the forest, preparing a decomposed farmyard manure by adopting residues under the forest, applying the decomposed farmyard manure together with calcium superphosphate and urea under the forest as a base fertilizer, and applying 2200kg of the decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of the calcium superphosphate and 15kg of urea per mu;
s2: uniformly planting Chinese toons, wherein the planting density is 80 plants/mu; watering the cedrela sinensis every 10 days; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.8% on leaf surfaces when the Chinese toons emerge; spraying urea aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4% on the leaf surface after 4 months; spraying a potassium sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 4% on the leaf surface after 6 months;
s3: when the height of the cedrela sinensis seedlings is 60cm from the ground, cutting the tops, spraying gibberellin, adding 7mL/kg of water into a positive selenium fertilizer organic water-soluble fertilizer produced by North China sea spraying Bao Limited company, spraying when the bud length is 4cm, sleeving a brown novel environment-friendly bagging paper on the tops of the branches, and tightly binding the bag openings;
s4: when the tender shoots grow to 13cm, opening a bag to collect the Chinese toon buds, then spraying gibberellin again, when the buds grow to 4cm, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer again, bagging, and binding the bag mouth to enable the Chinese toon buds to continue growing.
In the step S2, the preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
a: cutting 25 parts by weight of the woodland residues into 4cm pieces, soaking the pieces by water spraying, and mixing the pieces with 75 parts by weight of animal manure and 1 part by weight of quicklime to obtain a base material mixture; 1 part by weight of the residue after forests is burned into biochar, and then ground into fine powder, and mixed with 0.016 part by weight of beneficial biological bacterial manure starter produced by beneficial biological engineering Co., ltd to obtain a bacterial agent mixture;
b: then spreading a layer of primer mixture, spreading a layer of fungicide mixture, and gradually mixing until the spreading is finished, wherein the water content is controlled to be 70%; the pile is built with a bottom width of 2.5m, a top width of 1.5m and a height of 1.5m, the pile body is compact and moderate, and a vent pipe is inserted on the pile; covering the materials with plastic films after stacking and forming, and sealing the edges with soil;
c: turning the pile when the pile temperature rises to 60 ℃, starting when the pile temperature rises to 50 ℃ again, turning 1 time for 3 days, turning the pile again, and finishing the pile when the pile temperature is stabilized below 40 ℃ to obtain the decomposed farmyard manure.
In the step S3, the novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
55 parts of pine pulp, 15 parts of rush pulp, 25 parts of deinked pulp, 10 parts of rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 0.5 part of modified cationic corn starch with the substitution degree of 0.01, 55 parts of polyamide-poly epoxy chloropropane resin and 3 parts of anionic polyacrylamide.
The modified nano TiO 2 The preparation method of (2) comprises the following steps:
dissolving a silane coupling agent in an ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 90%; nano TiO 2 Adding the dispersion slurry into silane coupling agent solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5h, slowly heating to 78 ℃, regulating the pH of the system to 9.5 by sodium hydroxide, centrifuging after the reaction is completed, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified nano TiO 2 。
In the step S3, the preparation method of the novel environment-friendly bagging paper comprises the following steps:
a: peeling pine wood and rush respectively, pulping to obtain pine wood pulp and rush pulp;
b: pulping and beating the pine pulp, the rush pulp and the deinked pulp in sequence respectively, wherein the beating degree of the deinked pulp is 38 DEG SR, the beating degree of the pine pulp is 28 DEG SR, and the beating degree of the rush pulp is 20 DEG SR; mixing pulped pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp, mixing pulp, adding rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 The novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared by uniformly mixing modified cationic corn starch, polyamide polypropylene oxide resin and anionic polyacrylamide to obtain mixed slurry, and sequentially carrying out screening, purifying, net forming, squeezing and drying on the mixed slurry.
Example 3
A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of Chinese toon under a forest, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest, cutting off competing woods under the forest, preparing a decomposed farmyard manure by adopting residues under the forest, applying the decomposed farmyard manure together with calcium superphosphate and urea under the forest as a base fertilizer, and applying 2500kg of the decomposed farmyard manure, 60kg of the calcium superphosphate and 12kg of urea per mu;
s2: uniformly planting Chinese toons, wherein the planting density is 100 plants/mu; watering the cedrela sinensis every 15 days; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 1% on leaf surfaces when the Chinese toons emerge; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 5% on leaf surfaces after 5 months; spraying a potassium sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 5% on the leaf surface after 6 months;
s3: when the height of the cedrela sinensis seedlings is 80cm from the ground, cutting the tops, spraying gibberellin, adding 10mL/kg of water into a positive selenium fertilizer organic water-soluble fertilizer produced by North China sea spraying Bao Limited company, spraying when the bud length is 6cm, sleeving a white novel environment-friendly bagging paper on the tops of the branches, and tightly binding the bag openings;
s4: when the tender shoots grow to 15cm, opening a bag to collect the Chinese toon buds, then spraying gibberellin again, when the buds grow to 6cm, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer again, bagging, and binding the bag mouth to enable the Chinese toon buds to continue growing.
In the step S2, the preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
a: cutting 22 parts by weight of the woodland residues into 5cm pieces, soaking the pieces by water spraying, and mixing the pieces with 80 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.5 part by weight of quicklime to obtain a base material mixture; firing 0.1 part by weight of the residue below the forest into biochar, grinding into fine powder, and mixing with 0.024 part by weight of beneficial biological bacterial manure starter produced by beneficial biological engineering Co., ltd to obtain a bacterial agent mixture;
b: then spreading a layer of primer mixture, spreading a layer of fungicide mixture, and gradually mixing until the spreading is finished, wherein the water content is controlled to be 60%; the pile is built with a bottom width of 2.2m, a top width of 1.2m and a height of 1.2m, the pile body is compact and moderate, and a vent pipe is inserted on the pile; covering the materials with plastic films after stacking and forming, and sealing the edges with soil;
c: turning the pile when the pile temperature rises to 60 ℃, starting when the pile temperature rises to 50 ℃ again, turning 1 time for 3 days, turning the pile again, and finishing the pile when the pile temperature is stabilized below 40 ℃ to obtain the decomposed farmyard manure.
In the step S3, the novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of pine pulp, 10 parts of rush pulp, 30 parts of deinked pulp, 5 parts of rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 1 part of modified cationic corn starch with the substitution degree of 0.05, 60 parts of polyamide-polypropylene oxide resin and 5 parts of anionic polyacrylamide.
The modified nano TiO 2 The preparation method of (2) comprises the following steps:
dissolving a silane coupling agent in an ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 95%; nano TiO 2 Adding the dispersion slurry into silane coupling agent solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.8h, slowly heating to 80 ℃, adjusting the pH of the system to 10 by sodium hydroxide, centrifuging after the reaction is completed, and vacuum drying to obtain modified nano TiO 2 。
In the step S3, the preparation method of the novel environment-friendly bagging paper comprises the following steps:
a: peeling pine wood and rush respectively, pulping to obtain pine wood pulp and rush pulp;
b: pulping and beating the pine pulp, the rush pulp and the deinked pulp in sequence respectively, wherein the beating degree of the deinked pulp is 40 DEG SR, the beating degree of the pine pulp is 30 DEG SR, and the beating degree of the rush pulp is 18 DEG SR; mixing pulped pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp, mixing pulp, adding rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 The novel environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared by uniformly mixing modified cationic corn starch, polyamide polypropylene oxide resin and anionic polyacrylamide to obtain mixed slurry, and sequentially carrying out screening, purifying, net forming, squeezing and drying on the mixed slurry.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in example 2, except that no bagging was performed.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 2, except that the bagging was performed using a common commercially available bagging paper.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in example 2, except that gibberellin was not sprayed.
Comparative example 4
Substantially the same as in example 2, except that the selenium-rich fertilizer was not sprayed.
Comparative example 5
The procedure is substantially as in example 2, except that bagging is not carried out, gibberellin is not sprayed, and selenium-rich fertilizer is not sprayed.
Example 4 comparative test
The respective cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were used to cultivate cedrela sinensis, and the appearance, taste, harvesting time interval and single plant yield of the harvested cedrela sinensis buds were compared, and the results are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from table 1:
1. the comparative example 1 does not carry out bagging, and under the combined action of strong illumination, plant hormone and selenium-enriched fertilizer, the leaf buds grow rapidly, and once the leaf buds are not picked in time, wood is aged, and the taste is affected. In the cultivation methods of the embodiments 1 to 3, under the combined action of the bagging, the plant hormone and the selenium-rich fertilizer, the harvested cedrela sinensis buds are full, bright in color, fresh, tender, clean and sanitary, and are superior to the comparative example 1 without bagging; also superior to comparative example 2, in which the bagging was performed using a common black bagging paper; the method is characterized in that the weather is very hot in summer in the south, the highest temperature can reach 37-38 ℃, the appearance of the toona sinensis buds is seriously affected by bagging, and the leaf buds are fast old; the common commercial bagging paper is adopted for bagging, the air permeability, the heat insulation and the light avoidance of the bagging paper are poor, and especially the black bagging paper is used for seriously absorbing heat, so that the cellular respiration of the toona sinensis buds is inhibited, the appearance of the toona sinensis buds is influenced, the leaf buds are shrunken and not strong, and the yield is also influenced to a certain extent.
2. In the comparative example 3, gibberellin is not sprayed, although the appearance quality is not greatly affected, the bud growth condition of the cedrela sinensis is unstable, but the bagging is shading, the leaf buds grow slowly, the harvesting time interval is long, the management cost is increased to a certain extent, and the economic benefit is affected; in comparative example 4, the growth vigor of leaf buds is also reduced, the quality is slightly poor, the taste is poor, and the yield is also affected to a certain extent.
3. In comparative example 5, bagging, spraying no phytohormone and spraying no selenium-rich fertilizer were not carried out, and compared with example 2 of the present invention, the yield per mu of the ailanthus altissima was significantly reduced, the ailanthus altissima had poor quality and taste, and the harvesting time interval was longer.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of Chinese toon under a forest, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting low-hill ecological public welfare pine forests, removing competing woods under the forests, preparing decomposed farmyard manure by adopting residues under the forests, applying the decomposed farmyard manure under the forests as base fertilizer, and applying the decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of land at least 2000kg;
s2: uniformly planting Chinese toons, wherein the planting density is 50-100 plants/mu; watering the cedrela sinensis every 5-15 days; spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.5-1% on leaf surfaces when the Chinese toons emerge; 3-5 months later, spraying urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 3-5% on the leaf surface; spraying a potassium sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 3-5% on the leaf surface after 6 months;
s3: when the height of the cedrela sinensis seedlings is 40-80 cm from the ground, cutting the tops, spraying phytohormone after cutting the tops, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer when the bud length is 2-6 cm, sleeving brown or white environment-friendly bagging paper on the tops of the branches, and binding the openings of the bags; the environment-friendly bagging paper is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pine pulp, 10-20 parts of rush pulp and 20-30 parts of deinked pulp5-10 parts of rosin oil and modified nano TiO 2 0.1-1 parts of reinforcing agent, 20-25 parts of reinforcing agent, 50-60 parts of wet strength agent and 2-5 parts of dispersing agent;
s4: when the tender shoots grow to 8-15 cm, opening a bag to collect the Chinese toon buds, then spraying phytohormone again, spraying selenium-rich fertilizer again when the buds grow to 2-6 cm, and then bagging and binding the bag opening to enable the Chinese toon buds to continue growing.
2. The method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the preparation method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
a: cutting 20-25 parts by weight of the under-forest residues into 2-5 cm pieces, spraying water to soak the pieces, and mixing the pieces with 75-80 parts by weight of animal manure and 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of quicklime to obtain a base material mixture; firing 0.1-2 parts by weight of the residues under the forest into biochar, grinding into fine powder, and mixing with 0.012-0.024 parts by weight of a starter to obtain a microbial inoculum mixture;
b: then spreading a layer of primer mixture, spreading a layer of microbial inoculum mixture, and gradually mixing until the spreading is finished, wherein the water content is controlled to be 60-70%; building a pile, wherein the bottom width is 2-2.5 m, the top width is 1-1.5 m, the height is 1-1.5 m, the pile body is compact and moderate, and a vent pipe is inserted into the pile; covering the materials with plastic films after stacking and forming, and sealing the edges with soil;
c: turning the pile when the pile temperature rises to 60 ℃, starting when the pile temperature rises to 50 ℃ again, turning 1 time for 3 days, turning the pile again, and finishing the pile when the pile temperature is stabilized below 40 ℃ to obtain the decomposed farmyard manure.
3. A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 2, characterized in that: the starter is beneficial biological bacterial manure starter produced by beneficial biological engineering limited company.
4. A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the base fertilizer further comprises at least 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 kg of urea.
5. A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the plant hormone is gibberellin; the selenium-rich fertilizer is obtained by mixing 5-10 mL/kg of water with a positive selenium organic water-soluble fertilizer produced by North China sea spray applied treasury Co.
6. A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the reinforcing agent is modified cationic corn starch with the substitution degree of 0.01-0.05;
the wet strength agent is polyamide polypropylene oxide resin;
the dispersing agent is anionic polyacrylamide.
7. The method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified nano TiO2 is as follows:
dissolving a silane coupling agent in an ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 85-95%; adding the nano TiO2 dispersion slurry into silane coupling agent solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.2-0.8 h, slowly heating to 75-80 ℃, adjusting the pH of a system to 9-10 by sodium hydroxide, centrifuging after the reaction is completed, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the modified nano TiO2.
8. The method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that the preparation method of the environment-friendly bagging paper comprises the following steps:
a: peeling pine wood and rush respectively, pulping to obtain pine wood pulp and rush pulp;
b: pulping and beating pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp in sequence respectively, mixing the pulped pine pulp, rush pulp and deinked pulp, carrying out pulp mixing, adding rosin oil, modified nano TiO2, reinforcing agent, wet strength agent and dispersing agent after pulp mixing, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed pulp, and sequentially carrying out screening purification, net surfing molding, squeezing and drying on the mixed pulp to obtain the environment-friendly bagging paper.
9. A method for three-dimensional efficient cultivation of cedrela sinensis under forest according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the beating degree of the deinked pulp is 35-40 DEG SR; the beating degree of the pine pulp is 25-30 DEG SR; the beating degree of the rush pith is 16-20 DEG SR.
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