CN113455365B

CN113455365B - Method for preserving potted plant of common wild rice seed stems

Info

Publication number: CN113455365B
Application number: CN202110881333.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗立华; 谢红卫; 蔡耀辉; 龙伟雄; 李永辉; 罗来杨; 徐伟标; 颜龙安
Original assignee: Jiangxi Super Rice Research And Development Center (hainan Rice Breeding Center Jiangxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences)
Current assignee: Jiangxi Super Rice Research And Development Center (hainan Rice Breeding Center Jiangxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences)
Priority date: 2021-08-02
Filing date: 2021-08-02
Publication date: 2022-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-02
Also published as: CN113455365A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preserving a pot culture of common wild rice seed stems, and relates to the technical field of rice planting. The preservation method comprises the following steps: intercepting the green stem part with white new roots and axillary buds of the wild rice seedling as seed stem; cultivating and planting the seed stems in a pot filled with nutrient soil, and then performing daily maintenance and preservation; wherein the nutrient soil comprises the following components in volume ratio: 30-40 parts of moss peat, 15-25 parts of wood fiber, 20-30 parts of coconut coir and 10-30 parts of coconut blocks. The preservation method effectively solves the problems of high management difficulty, mechanical mixing, soil hardening, weak plant growth vigor and the like of common wild rice.

Description

Method for preserving potted plant of common wild rice seed stems

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for preserving a common wild rice seed stem pot plant.

Background

Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is a gramineous plant, is an ancestral species of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Asia, and is distributed in 8-th province (region) in southern China. The common wild rice has a plurality of excellent genes with disease resistance, insect resistance, stress resistance, high yield, high quality and the like in long-term natural selection, and is an important germplasm resource for improving rice varieties.

In recent years, the natural distribution of the natural environment of common wild rice is damaged to different degrees, so that many common wild rice are in places of being endangered to be extinct, and collected wild rice samples are not well preserved and can never be recovered once lost; in addition, the type of the rice is similar to the chromosome group of common cultivated rice, and the rice is easy to be cross-crossed with each other, if the reproductive isolation control is not strict in the preservation process, the biological hybrid is caused, a plurality of useful genes cannot be traced and utilized, and the original genetic composition becomes complete and useless, thereby losing the preservation significance. Therefore, protection of genetic diversity in ordinary wild rice has been of great interest.

As the common wild rice has the characteristics of perennial and continuous vegetative growth (namely, continuous tillering from the reproductive growth to the mature stage of seeds), seed stem preservation is considered as one of important methods for storing common wild rice resources, and mainly comprises seed stem field planting preservation and seed stem pot preservation. 1981-1989, the research on the seed stem preservation technology of Yudao et al in Nanning showed that: the propagation characteristics of the common wild rice resources are strongest in the perennial creeping ecotype, the perennial inclined deepwater ecotype and the heterozygous creeping type, and the ecological characteristics of the common wild rice resources are represented as thin stems, short internodes of base parts, dark green seed stems and the like; the seed stems are easily affected by low temperature and drought stress in winter, pest infection, soil hardening and the like in the preservation process, so that the plants grow weakly and even die due to dry rot; the field preservation is closer to the ecology of common wild rice, the harvest is convenient, the potted plant can effectively prevent mechanical mixing and is convenient to manage, but is not suitable for harvest. In 1991, Chenjinde and the like further compare and analyze the field preservation and pot preservation technology of the common wild rice seed stems, and research shows that: by adopting a seed stem field planting and storing method, the land is more occupied, labor is wasted, materials are stolonized and staggered, mixing is easy to cause, and the management difficulty is extremely high; the seed stem potted plant is convenient to store and manage, can effectively control reproductive isolation, prevent outcrossing and keep the original genetic composition of the sample, and has no obvious difference in character performance from the material planted in the perennial seed stem field. Therefore, the seed stem potting is an effective way for storing the common wild rice seed stems at present. However, in the existing method for preserving the seed stem potted plant, rice soil is used as a cultivation substrate, a clay pot is used as a cultivation container, and meanwhile, a chemical fertilizer is applied to meet the growth requirement of the plant and is placed in a net room, but the plant is easily affected by soil hardening, soil-borne disease infection, low-temperature stress in winter and the like, the plant shows few new roots, is short and weak in growth vigor, and in addition, the replacement of the seed stem and the clay pot is affected, and the manual management cost is increased. Therefore, there is a need for an improved method for preserving potted plants of common wild rice seeds.

In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preserving pot culture of common wild rice seed stems, which effectively solves the problems of high management difficulty, mechanical mixing, soil hardening, weak plant growth and the like of common wild rice and provides a new preservation method for breeding and preserving precious genetic materials of rice.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for preserving pot culture of common wild rice seed stems comprises the following steps:

intercepting the stem part of the wild rice seedling, which is green at the base part and is provided with white new roots and axillary buds, as a seed stem; cultivating and planting the seed stems in pots filled with nutrient soil, and then performing daily maintenance and preservation;

wherein the nutrient soil comprises the following components in volume ratio:

30-40 parts of moss peat, 15-25 parts of wood fiber, 20-30 parts of coconut coir and 10-30 parts of coconut blocks.

In one embodiment, the nutrient soil is placed in a container with the bottom and the side wall having the water leakage function, and after the container is fully watered with water, the seed stems are cultivated and planted. In a specific embodiment, the container is a Qingshan basin.

In one embodiment, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 32-35 parts by volume of moss peat; 18-22 parts by volume of wood fiber, 22-26 parts by volume of coconut coir and 19-20 parts by volume of coconut block.

In one embodiment, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 35 parts by volume of moss peat; 20 parts by volume of wood fiber, 25 parts by volume of coconut coir and 20 parts by volume of coconut cake.

In one embodiment, the moss peat has a particle size in the range of 5 to 20 mm; the particle size range of the coconut pieces is 10-20 mm.

In the invention, the peat soil has a particle size specification of 5-20 mm, and has strong buffering property and water and fertilizer retention capacity; the wood fiber has the characteristics of high porosity, natural moisture absorption, quick conduction and the like; the coconut block has the particle size of 10-20 mm, belongs to renewable resources, is loose and breathable, and has a stable physical structure, good water and fertilizer retention and ultrahigh cost performance.

In one embodiment, the nutrient soil is also added with a controlled release fertilizer and a start fertilizer.

In one embodiment, the controlled release fertilizer comprises policosanol 16-6-11(N, P)₂O₅,K₂The content of O); the addition amount of the controlled release fertilizer is 3.5 g/2.8L-3L of nutrient soil.

In one embodiment, the starter fertilizer comprises starter fertilizer 14-16-18(N, P)₂O₅,K₂The content of O); the addition amount of the start-up fertilizer is 1.75 g/2.8L-3L of nutrient soil.

In one embodiment, the nutrient soil further comprises a humectant and quicklime; the addition amount of the wetting agent is 350 mu L/2.8L-3L of nutrient soil, and the addition amount of the quicklime is 5.25 g/2.8L-3L of nutrient soil.

In a particular embodiment, the wetting agent comprises silicone.

In one embodiment, the soil pH of the nutrient soil is adjusted to pH 6.0.

In one embodiment, the amount of nutrient soil loaded in the container or pot is 4/5 times the volume of the container or pot. In a specific embodiment, the nutrient soil is mixed and stirred uniformly, then is filled into a Qingshan basin with the aperture of 21cm, the bottom aperture of 14cm and the height of 21.5cm (about 3.5L), and is lightly compacted after being filled into 4/5 volumes. 3 Qingshan pots were put together in a tray and placed on a shelf. The pot culture nutrient soil disclosed by the invention is matched with a container (such as a Qingshan pot) with a water leakage function at the bottom and the side wall, so that the air permeability of the soil is further improved, the pot culture nutrient soil is very beneficial to the growth of wild rice, the root rolling can be prevented, and the soil utilization rate is high.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises management of winter seed stem growth, including culturing at a temperature of 18-25 ℃.

In one embodiment, the management further comprises topdressing, irrigation, pest control, old seed stem cutting, seed stem replacement, nutrient soil replacement, and the like.

Has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the method for preserving the wild rice seed stems, the novel potted plant nutrient soil (sterilized) is adopted, the prepared nutrient soil is uniform in nutrient components, soil hardening is not easy to occur, the occurrence of rice soil-borne diseases is reduced, and the method is suitable for cultivation and growth of wild rice;

(2) the wild rice seed stem preservation method provided by the invention is characterized in that technical innovation and optimization are carried out on each link of seed stem selection and treatment, culture medium, potted plant planting and management and the like, so that the problems of high management difficulty, mechanical mixing, weak growth vigor and the like of common wild rice are effectively solved;

(3) the preservation method of the invention ensures that the seed stem survival rate of the common wild rice reaches 90.8 percent, and the plant regeneration capacity is strong.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the selection and processing of potted seed stems according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (A) ordinary wild rice field preserves garden, (B) the basal portion is green and has seed stem of the white root and axillary bud, (C) remove rotten leaf of dead branch and seed stem of the brand;

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the main raw material of a culture substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (A) the imported moss peat soil has a particle size specification of 5-10 mm; (B) coconut pieces with the grain size of 10-20 mm; (C) wood fiber; (D) coconut husk;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a pot planting layout according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the growth of plants after 1 week of potting according to the embodiment of the present invention; (A) the whole plant in the plastic greenhouse grows; (B) the growth condition of a single plant;

FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the growth of plants after 1 month of potting according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows the growth of plants after 3 months of potting according to the present invention; (A) the whole plant grows in the glass greenhouse; (B) growing potential of overground parts of the plants; (C) the growth condition of the plant root system;

FIG. 7 shows the regeneration of the plants of the present invention after 1 week of harvest; (A) cutting off old seed stems; (B) the plants grew 1 week after cutting.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1: method for preserving potted plant of common wild rice seed stems

1.1 selection and treatment of seed Stem

87 parts of a material with certain representative morphological characteristics and distribution areas is selected from an established ordinary wild paddy field storage garden, seed stems with green bases and white roots and axillary buds are cut off, withered stems and leaves are trimmed off, and a marker plate is hung to avoid mixing and disordering (figure 1).

1.2 preparation of culture substrate

The moss peat, the wood fiber, the coconut chaff and the coconut pieces are selected as main raw materials, and the volume ratio is 35%: 20%: 25%: 20% (fig. 2). Wherein the peat soil has a particle size specification of 5-20 mm, and has strong buffering property and water and fertilizer retention capacity; the wood fiber has the characteristics of high porosity, natural moisture absorption, fast conduction and the like, and is widely used as a culture medium for potted flowers, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, vegetable culture and the like; the coconut block has the particle size of 10-20 mm, belongs to renewable resources, is loose and breathable, and has a stable physical structure, good water and fertilizer retention and ultrahigh cost performance. Meanwhile, the controlled release fertilizer for policosan 16-6-11(N, P) is also added₂O₅,K₂Content of O) and starter fertilizers 14-16-18(N, P)₂O₅,K₂O content) was used in an amount of 3.5 g/tub and 1.75 g/tub, respectively. In addition, 350. mu.L of a silicone wetting agent and 5.25g of quicklime were added to adjust the pH to 6.0. The potted plant culture medium is fully and uniformly mixed by an automatic stirrer.

1.3 planting the potted plant of the seed stem

Firstly, filling the uniformly stirred culture medium into Qingshan pots with the caliber of 21cm, the bottom diameter of 14cm and the height of 21.5cm (about 3.5L), filling 4/5 of nutrient soil, lightly compacting, putting 3 Qingshan pots in each tray, and putting the trays on a shelf with the height of 0.6 cm; then, water is used for thoroughly pouring the substrate from top to bottom until a small amount of water is left in the tray; finally, the treated seed stems were planted in Qingshan pots at a depth of about 5cm per pot (FIG. 3).

1.4 daily management of potted plants

In winter, transplanting the potted plant stems which are planted well into a plastic greenhouse, heating the greenhouse to 18-25 ℃ by oil heater, adding a small amount of water into a tray to prevent diseases from breeding, counting the survival rate of the stems to be 90.8% after 1 week, and observing the growth condition of the plants, wherein the result is shown in figure 4; after 1 month, the growth of the plants was observed again and the results are shown in FIG. 5.

In spring, the potted plant stems are moved into a glass greenhouse, enough water is added into the tray every few days, pesticides such as carbendazim and the like are not sprayed regularly to prevent and control diseases, the growth vigor of the plants is observed after 3 months, and the results are shown in figure 6.

In summer, a sunshade net is hung on the roof of the glass greenhouse, and water soluble fertilizer is applied to meet the growth requirement of plants; when the seed stems are propagated to be luxuriant, cutting off excessive old seed stems around the seed stems, thoroughly removing the old seed stems from the preservation garden to avoid mutual confusion, keeping the height of a grain pocket to be 18-25cm, observing the plant regeneration capacity after 1 week, and showing the result in figure 7.

In autumn, the nutrient soil and seed stems are replaced. Uniformly mixing nutrient soil according to the formula of the culture medium and filling the mixture into a pot; the seed stems are divided into pockets, the marking plates correspond to the materials one by one, and 3-4 seeds are left to be planted in the pot according to the selection and treatment requirements of the seed stems.

In the daily management process, irrigation is based on the principle of planting a small amount of water in the early stage and supplying sufficient water in the middle and later stages; the prevention and control of diseases are mainly carried out, and seed stem selection and treatment, small amount of water irrigation in early stage, timely elimination of infected dead branches and rotten leaves and the like are mainly adopted; old seed stems should be cut off in time when the seeds grow luxuriantly, 3 times a year.

Example 2:

the method is the same as the method of the example 1, except that moss peat, wood fiber, coconut coir and coconut pieces are used as raw materials, and the proportion is 32%: 18%: 23%: 19 percent.

Example 3:

the method is the same as the method in example 1, except that moss peat, wood fiber, coconut coir and coconut pieces are used as raw materials, and the proportion is 35%: 18%: 26%: 20 percent.

Comparative example 1:

the method is the same as the method of example 1, except that the potting nutrient soil only adopts moss peat and wood fiber as raw materials, and the proportion is 60%: 40 percent.

Comparative example 2:

the method is the same as the method in the example 1, except that the potting nutrient soil only adopts coconut chaff and coconut pieces as raw materials, and the proportion is 60%: 40 percent.

Comparative example 3:

the method is the same as the method in the example 1, except that the moss peat, the wood fiber and the coconut chaff are only used as raw materials in the potting nutrient soil, and the proportion is 35 percent: 20%: 45 percent.

Comparative example 4

The method is the same as the method of the example 1, except that moss peat, wood fiber, coconut coir and coconut pieces are used as raw materials, and the proportion is 20%: 18%: 26%: 35 percent.

Comparative example 5

The method is the same as the method of the example 1, except that moss peat, wood fiber, coconut coir and coconut pieces are used as raw materials, and the proportion is 20%: 35%: 33%: 12 percent.

Comparative example 6

The same procedure as in example 1, except that no controlled release fertilizer and no starter fertilizer were added.

Comparative example 7

The same procedure as in example 1, except that there is no humectant and quicklime.

Comparative example 8

The method is the same as the method of the embodiment 1, except that the nutrient soil for the potted plant is only made of rice soil, and a tile pot is selected as a cultivation container.

Example of effects:

comparing and counting the preservation effect of each example and each comparative example, the survival rate of the seed stems of the example 1 is 90.8 percent; the survival rate of the seed stems of the examples 2-3 is slightly lower than that of the example 1, and the difference is not significant; the survival rate of the seed stems of comparative examples 1 to 8 was significantly lower than that of examples 1 to 3.

According to the results, the wild rice seed stem culture method effectively solves the problems of low seed stem survival rate, soil hardening, weak plant growth potential and the like, and provides a new preservation method for preserving precious genetic materials in rice breeding.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preserving pot culture of common wild rice seed stems is characterized by comprising the following steps:

intercepting the stem part of the common wild rice seedling with cyan basal part and white root and axillary bud as seed stem; cultivating and planting the seed stems in pots filled with nutrient soil, and then performing daily maintenance and preservation;

wherein the nutrient soil comprises the following components in volume ratio:

30-40 parts of moss peat, 15-25 parts of wood fiber, 20-30 parts of coconut coir and 10-30 parts of coconut blocks;

a controlled release fertilizer and a start-up fertilizer are also added into the nutrient soil;

the nutrient soil also comprises a wetting agent and quicklime; the addition amount of the wetting agent is 315-385 mu L/2.8-3L of nutrient soil, and the addition amount of the quicklime is 4.2-6.3 g/2.8-3L of nutrient soil.

2. The preservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nutrient soil is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 32-35 parts by volume of moss peat, 18-22 parts by volume of wood fiber, 22-26 parts by volume of coconut coir and 19-20 parts by volume of coconut cake.

3. The preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the moss peat has a particle size ranging from 5 to 20 mm; the particle size range of the coconut pieces is 10-20 mm.

4. The preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the controlled release fertilizer comprises policosanol 16-6-11; the addition amount of the controlled release fertilizer is 2.8-4.2 g/2.8L-3L of nutrient soil;

in the prian controlled release fertilizer 16-6-11, N, P₂O₅, K₂The content ratio of O is 16: 6: 11;

in the controlled release fertilizer 16-6-11, N, P₂O₅, K₂The content ratio of O is 14: 16: 18.

5. the preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the starter fertilizer comprises starter fertilizers 14-16-18; the addition amount of the start-up fertilizer is 1.4-2.1 g/2.8L-3L of nutrient soil.

6. The preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the soil pH of the nutrient soil is adjusted to pH 5.5 to pH 6.5.

7. The preservation method according to claim 1, further comprising management of winter seed stem growth including temperature conditions of 18-25 ℃ for cultivation.

8. The preservation method according to claim 7, wherein the management further comprises topdressing, irrigation, pest control, old seed stem cutting, seed stem replacement, and nutrient soil.