CN113397064A - 一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料及其制备方法,包括小麦30~70份,菊花粕1~5份,稻谷10~30份,芝麻粕3~6份,青石粒7~11份,产阮假丝酵母蛋白1~5份,葵花饼1~5份,木薯粉1~6份,喷浆玉米胚芽粕1~50份,羽毛粉0~4份,大豆油0.5~2份,磷酸氢钙0.2~1.0份,氯化钠0.2~0.4份,氨基酸0.2~0.8份,矿物质预混料0.2份,维生素预混料0.2份,复合酶制剂0.1份。本发明中的蛋鸡全价料使用小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕代替玉米,使用葵花饼、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、喷浆玉米胚芽粕代替豆粕,在能维持蛋鸡较好的生产性能的情况下大幅降低饲料成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物营养和饲料科学技术领域,具体涉及一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料及其制备方法。
背景技术
玉米和豆粕为主要的饲用原料来源,由于当前国内玉米和国际大豆的供应形势整体偏紧,库存水平处于近年来低位,国内玉米进口也超出政策配额量增长,价格涨幅相对往年也尤为明显。蛋鸡养户的养殖压力较为沉重,因此推行玉米豆粕在饲料中的减量替代才能治本除源。
麦类的营养指标高于玉米,且资源丰富,是玉米的最佳替代品。饲料中合理使用小麦替代玉米可带来一定的经济效益,比如一般的硬质小麦蛋白含量在13%以上,远高于玉米,这利于减少蛋白原料如豆粕的使用,降低饲料成本,同时小麦还能带来很多的附加价值,如玉米的脂肪主要是由不饱和脂肪酸组成,所以用小麦取代玉米利于增加畜体脂肪硬度,提高酮体品质,减少家禽脂肪肝综合症的发病率等。
中国发明专利CN103340314A公开了一种蛋鸡育雏期全价饲料,是由以下重量份的组分组成的:玉米400份,小麦100份,米糠60~100份,豆粕110~140份,花生粕10~40份,棉粕20~40份,菜粕10~40份,玉米蛋白饲料50~90份,DDGS(酒糟)40~80份,石粉15~20份,豆油5~15份,磷酸氢钙13~20份,食盐3份,胆碱1份,复合微量元素2份,赖氨酸3-6份,蛋氨酸1~1.5份,添加剂1.3份。本发明的饲料是经过多年实践,使用多种原料复合搭配,同时利用营养性添加剂等添加到饲料中,生产出的一种成本低的蛋鸡育雏期全价饲料,饲喂蛋鸡后,70天体重与胫长双达标,对比文件中使用了玉米、小麦和豆粕,制备成本较高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的问题,本申请提供一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料及其制备方法,使用小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕代替玉米,使用葵花饼、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、喷浆玉米胚芽粕代替豆粕,添加合成氨基酸以平衡日粮中氨基酸含量与比例,使用复合酶制剂提高杂粕和小麦的消化利用率,在能维持蛋鸡较好的生产性能的情况下大幅降低饲料成本。
为了实现上述目的,本申请通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明一方面提供一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:小麦30~70份,菊花粕1~5份,稻谷10~30份,芝麻粕3~6份,青石粒7~11份,产阮假丝酵母蛋白1~5份,葵花饼1~5份,木薯粉1~6份,喷浆玉米胚芽粕1~50份,羽毛粉0~4份,大豆油0.5~2份,磷酸氢钙0.2~1.0份,氯化钠0.2~0.4份,氨基酸0.2~0.8份,矿物质预混料0.2份,维生素预混料0.2份,复合酶制剂0.1份;
以上各原料组成的蛋鸡全价料中粗蛋白含量≥15.0%,蛋鸡全价料的代谢能≥10.5MJ/kg。
在一个优选的实施方案中,无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料由以下重量份的原料组成:小麦50~60份,菊花粕2~3份,稻谷10~15份,芝麻粕3~4份,青石粒8~10份,产阮假丝酵母蛋白2~4份,葵花饼2~4份,木薯粉3~5份,喷浆玉米胚芽粕2~5份,羽毛粉1~3份,大豆油1~1.5份,磷酸氢钙0.4~0.6份,氯化钠0.2~0.3份,氨基酸0.2~0.8份,矿物质预混料0.2份,维生素预混料0.2份,复合酶制剂0.1份。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述蛋鸡全价料中粗蛋白含量为15.0-16.5%。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述蛋鸡全价料中粗蛋白含量15.5-16.0%。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述蛋鸡全价料的代谢能为10.5-11.5MJ/kg。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述蛋鸡全价料的代谢能为10.8-11.2MJ/kg。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述产阮假丝酵母蛋白是由玉米糖渣、次粉、棕榈粕、赖氨酸渣添加酵母菌经过固态发酵的产物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述氨基酸由赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸按重量比1:0.3:0.1:0.1混合而成。
在一个优选的实施方案中,以每千克维生素预混料含量计,所述维生素预混料包括维生素A 4800-4980KIU/Kg,维生素D3 1400-2500KIU/Kg,维生素E11-12KIU/Kg,维生素K800-900mg/Kg,维生素B1 1200-2000mg/Kg,维生素B22600-4000mg/Kg,维生素B6 1900-2000mg/Kg,维生素B12 10-15mg/Kg,烟酰胺8-10g/Kg,泛酸钙4600-8000mg/Kg,叶酸600-1000mg/Kg,生物素80-100mg/Kg。
在一个优选的实施方案中,以每千克矿物质预混料含量计,所述矿物质预混料包括铁30-100g/Kg,铜25-100g/Kg,锌30-80g/Kg,锰30-60g/Kg,碘135-450mg/Kg,硒130-200mg/Kg。
在一个优选的实施方案中,以每克复合酶制剂酶活含量计,所述复合酶包括木聚糖酶20000u/g,纤维素酶1500u/g,β-葡聚糖酶2500u/g,甘露聚糖酶1500u/g,葡萄糖氧化酶1000u/g,蛋白酶4000u/g,淀粉酶500u/g。
本发明第二方面提供提一种青年蛋鸡配合饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将小麦、稻谷、菊花粕、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、葵花饼、木薯粉、喷浆玉米胚芽粕使用7-8mm孔径筛片的粉碎机粉碎后备用;
S2、将磷酸氢钙、氯化钠、氨基酸、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料、复合酶制剂在不锈钢内壁的混合机内预混合得到混合小料备用;
S3、将步骤S1、S2制备的各组分原料、羽毛粉、青石粒、大豆油按重量份在混合机内混合均匀后即得蛋鸡全价料。
在一个优选的实施方案中,步骤S2中混合小料的混合均匀度变异系数≤5%。
在一个优选的实施方案中,步骤S3中蛋鸡全价料的混合均匀度变异系数≤7%。
本申请中的混合均匀度变异系数是一种饲料混合度均匀的表示方法,物料的物理机械性能,如比例、粒度、粘附性、形状、容重。含水量、静电效应等的不同,使物料混合程度有较大差异。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明制备的蛋鸡全价饲料中,使用小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕代替玉米,使用葵花饼、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、喷浆玉米胚芽粕代替豆粕,添加合成氨基酸以平衡日粮中氨基酸含量与比例,使用复合酶制剂提高杂粕和小麦的消化利用率,在能维持蛋鸡较好的生产性能的情况下大幅降低饲料成本,提高蛋鸡养殖户效益。
(2)本发明中的全价料采用高代谢能低蛋白并合理氨基酸含量的营养设计,既提高鸡群健康度,又避免采食量过大引起蛋重过大、产蛋率低、蛋鸡死淘率高、入舍鸡产蛋数少的一系列问题,从而达到蛋鸡的最佳产蛋性能与蛋品。
(3)本发明中的菊花粕是经万寿菊花干燥后提取叶黄素油膏后的产物,含有丰富的叶黄素,天然绿色环保,无毒副作用,可增加饲粮中叶黄素含量,有效提高蛋黄色度。葵花饼是葵花籽榨油的产物,黑色片状,其蛋白质含量为32%,脂肪含量为12%,且含有丰富的蛋氨酸与精氨酸,是优质的蛋鸡饲料原料,代替豆粕在配方中使用可降低配方成本。
(4)本发明中的产阮假丝酵母蛋白,是由玉米糖渣、次粉、棕榈粕、赖氨酸渣添加酵母菌经过固态发酵的产物,具有消化率高、适口性好、含有活性酵母菌及丰富的代谢产物,其蛋白含量34%,脂肪含量16%,营养指标与膨化大豆接近,在配方中可替代玉米与豆粕降低配方成本并可提高鸡群肠道健康度。
(5)本发明中使用的喷浆玉米胚芽粕是在淀粉生产过程中由玉米胚芽取油后得到玉米胚芽粕,再喷上玉米浆后烘焙制。玉米浆是玉米的精华部分,营养极为丰富,特别是富含各种氨基酸和无机盐及维生素等物质,在配方中代替玉米和豆粕可大幅降低配方成本。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
一、一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料
实施例1
(1)将小麦、稻谷、菊花粕、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、葵花饼、木薯粉、喷浆玉米胚芽粕使用7.0mm孔径筛片的粉碎机粉碎后分配至各自料仓备用;
(2)将4份磷酸氢钙、4份氯化钠、3份赖氨酸、1份蛋氨酸、0.3份苏氨酸、0.3份色氨酸、2份矿物质预混料(每kg中含有铁80g、铜80g、锰50g、锌50g、碘200mg、硒150mg)、2份维生素预混料(每kg中含有:4800KIU维生素A、2000KIU维生素D3、12KIU维生素E、900mg维生素K、1800mg维生素B1、3000mg维生素B2、2000mg维生素B6、15mg维生素B12、10g烟酰胺、6000g泛酸钙、1000mg叶酸、100mg生物素)、复合酶制剂在不锈钢内壁的混合机中预混合得混合小料,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤5%;
(3)将(1)中制备的粉碎小麦58份、稻谷8份、木薯粉3份、芝麻粕4份、喷浆玉米胚芽粕6份、产阮假丝酵母蛋白4份、葵花饼6份和菊花粕4份;羽毛粉3份、石粒8份,以及(2)中制备的混合小料放入混合机中充分搅拌30s,将2份大豆油喷入混合机继续搅拌混合80s,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤7%,即得一种无豆粕无玉米蛋鸡配合饲料。检验合格后进行饲喂试验。
实施例2
(1)将小麦、稻谷、菊花粕、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、葵花饼、木薯粉、喷浆玉米胚芽粕使用8.0mm孔径筛片的粉碎机粉碎后分配至各自料仓备用;
(2)将5份磷酸氢钙、3份氯化钠、3份赖氨酸、1.2份蛋氨酸、0.5份苏氨酸、0.4份色氨酸、2份矿物质预混料(每kg中含有铁80g、铜80g、锰50g、锌50g、碘200mg、硒150mg)、2份维生素预混料(每kg中含有:4800KIU维生素A、2000KIU维生素D3、12KIU维生素E、900mg维生素K、1800mg维生素B1、3000mg维生素B2、2000mg维生素B6、15mg维生素B12、10g烟酰胺、6000g泛酸钙、1000mg叶酸、100mg生物素)、复合酶制剂在不锈钢内壁的混合机中预混合得混合小料,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤5%;
(3)将(1)中制备的粉碎小麦30份、稻谷25份、木薯粉15份、芝麻粕3份、喷浆玉米胚芽粕8份、产阮假丝酵母蛋白5份、葵花饼9份和菊花粕3份;羽毛粉4份、石粒8份;以及(2)中制备的混合小料放入混合机中充分搅拌30s,将1份大豆油喷入混合机继续搅拌混合80s,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤7%,即得一种无豆粕无玉米蛋鸡配合饲料,检验合格后进行饲喂试验。
实施例3
(1)将小麦、稻谷、菊花粕、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、葵花饼、喷浆玉米胚芽粕使用7.0mm孔径筛片的粉碎机粉碎后分配至各自料仓备用;
(2)将4份磷酸氢钙、3份氯化钠、4份赖氨酸、2份蛋氨酸、0.4份苏氨酸、0.3份色氨酸、2份矿物质预混料(每kg中含有铁80g、铜80g、锰50g、锌50g、碘200mg、硒150mg)、2份维生素预混料(每kg中含有:4800KIU维生素A、2000KIU维生素D3、12KIU维生素E、900mg维生素K、1800mg维生素B1、3000mg维生素B2、2000mg维生素B6、15mg维生素B12、10g烟酰胺、6000g泛酸钙、1000mg叶酸、100mg生物素)、1份复合酶制剂在不锈钢内壁的混合机中预混合得混合小料,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤5%;
(3)将(1)中制备的粉碎小麦70份、稻谷2份、芝麻粕4份、喷浆玉米胚芽粕4份、产阮假丝酵母蛋白4份、葵花饼6份和菊花粕4份;羽毛粉3份、石粒8份,以及(2)中制备的混合小料放入混合机中充分搅拌30s,将2份大豆油喷入混合机继续搅拌混合80s,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤7%,即得一种无豆粕无玉米蛋鸡配合饲料。检验合格后进行饲喂试验。
对比例1
(1)将玉米、豆粕使用7.0mm孔径筛片的粉碎机粉碎后分配至料仓备用;
(2)将8份磷酸氢钙、1份蛋氨酸、3份氯化钠、2份矿物质预混料(每kg中含有铁80g、铜80g、锰50g、锌50g、碘200mg、硒150mg)和2份维生素预混料(每kg中含有:4800KIU维生素A、2000KIU维生素D3、12KIU维生素E、900mg维生素K、1800mg维生素B1、3000mg维生素B2、2000mg维生素B6、15mg维生素B12、10g烟酰胺、6000g泛酸钙、1000mg叶酸、80mg生物素)在不锈钢内壁的混合机中预混合得混合小料,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤5%;
(3)将(1)至制备的粉碎玉米物料63份、豆粕25份、石粒9份,以及(2)中制备的混合小料放入混合机中充分搅拌30s,将0.5份大豆油喷入混合机继续搅拌混合80s,要求混合均匀度变异系数≤7%,所得一种玉米豆粕型蛋鸡全价料,检验合格后进行饲喂试验。
二、性能检测
测定实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的饲料的粗蛋白含量和蛋鸡的代谢能,其中粗蛋白含量测试参考《饲料中粗蛋白的测定凯氏定氮法》GB/T 6432-2018,蛋鸡的代谢能采用近红外光谱法检测,测试结果如下表1所示。
表1
检测项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 |
粗蛋白含量(%) | 15.8 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 16.0 |
蛋鸡代谢能(MJ/kg) | 11.0 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.0 |
对比例1为玉米豆粕型蛋鸡全价料,从表1中可以看出,实施例1-3与对比例1相比,利用小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕代替玉米,使用葵花饼、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、喷浆玉米胚芽粕代替豆粕后,使得蛋鸡的全价料的粗蛋白含量和蛋鸡代谢能与玉米豆粕型蛋鸡全价料的粗蛋白含量以及蛋鸡代谢能相近,说明在本申请中的小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕代替玉米,使用葵花饼、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、喷浆玉米胚芽粕完全可以代替玉米和豆粕,而不会降低饲料的营养成分。
三、应用实施例1-3以及对比例1的配方饲料饲养蛋鸡
选取270日龄健康京红蛋鸡1600羽作为实验对象,分为3组进行饲养。在相同环境下饲喂90天,每日统计蛋数、蛋重、采食量、死淘数,实验结果统计如下表2所示。
表2
对比例1为玉米豆粕型蛋鸡全价料,从表2可知,与实施例1-3组相比,添加小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕、芝麻粕、葵花饼、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、芝麻粕、羽毛粉的蛋鸡全价料饲喂后,蛋鸡生产性能未发生显著变化,蛋黄色度、风味也无明显变化,能产生与玉米豆粕型蛋鸡全价料相同的饲喂效果,但是从饲料成分和造蛋成本上来看,本申请中使用使用小麦、稻谷、木薯粉、菊花粕代替玉米,使用葵花饼、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、喷浆玉米胚芽粕代替豆粕后,成本大幅度下降。
综上所述,本发明实施例提供的一种无豆粕无玉米蛋鸡全价料饲养蛋鸡,保持蛋鸡的生产性能与鸡蛋品质不变化,在玉米、豆粕价格较高的情况下可降大幅低饲料成本,从而降低造蛋成本提高养殖效益。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只限于这些说明。对于本发明所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:小麦30~70份,菊花粕1~5份,稻谷10~30份,芝麻粕3~6份,青石粒7~11份,产阮假丝酵母蛋白1~5份,葵花饼1~5份,木薯粉1~6份,喷浆玉米胚芽粕1~50份,羽毛粉0~4份,大豆油0.5~2份,磷酸氢钙0.2~1.0份,氯化钠0.2~0.4份,氨基酸0.2~0.8份,矿物质预混料0.2份,维生素预混料0.2份,复合酶制剂0.1份;
以上各原料组成的蛋鸡全价料中粗蛋白含量≥15.0%,蛋鸡全价料的代谢能≥10.5MJ/kg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:小麦50~60份,菊花粕2~3份,稻谷10~15份,芝麻粕3~4份,青石粒8~10份,产阮假丝酵母蛋白2~4份,葵花饼2~4份,木薯粉3~5份,喷浆玉米胚芽粕2~5份,羽毛粉1~3份,大豆油1~1.5份,磷酸氢钙0.4~0.6份,氯化钠0.2~0.3份,氨基酸0.2~0.8份,矿物质预混料0.2份,维生素预混料0.2份,复合酶制剂0.1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,所述蛋鸡全价料中粗蛋白含量为15.0-16.5%。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,所述蛋鸡全价料中粗蛋白含量15.5-16.0%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,所述蛋鸡全价料的代谢能为10.5-11.5MJ/kg。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,所述蛋鸡全价料的代谢能为10.8-11.2MJ/kg。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,所述产阮假丝酵母蛋白是由玉米糖渣、次粉、棕榈粕、赖氨酸渣添加酵母菌经过固态发酵的产物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料,其特征在于,所述氨基酸由赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸按重量比1:0.3:0.1:0.1混合而成。
9.如权利要求1~9任一所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将小麦、稻谷、菊花粕、芝麻粕、产阮假丝酵母蛋白、葵花饼、木薯粉、喷浆玉米胚芽粕使用7-8mm孔径筛片的粉碎机粉碎后备用;
S2、将磷酸氢钙、氯化钠、氨基酸、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料、复合酶制剂在不锈钢内壁的混合机内预混合得到混合小料备用;
S3、将步骤S1、S2制备的各组分原料、羽毛粉、青石粒、大豆油按重量份在混合机内混合均匀后即得蛋鸡全价料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种无玉米无豆粕蛋鸡全价料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中混合小料的混合均匀度变异系数≤5%,步骤S3中蛋鸡全价料的混合均匀度变异系数≤7%。
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