CN112167474A - 一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167474A CN112167474A CN202011277956.8A CN202011277956A CN112167474A CN 112167474 A CN112167474 A CN 112167474A CN 202011277956 A CN202011277956 A CN 202011277956A CN 112167474 A CN112167474 A CN 112167474A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料及其制备方法,加州鲈膨化饲料包括以下重量份的组分:日本级鱼粉35‑40份,罗非鱼粉10‑15份,磷虾粉6‑13份,肠膜蛋白粉3‑7份,木薯淀粉8‑10份,磷酸二氢钙1‑2份,精炼鱼油6.5‑9份,鱿鱼内脏粉2‑3份,加州鲈维生素预混料1‑3份,加州鲈矿物质及其他预混料2‑3.5份,酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3‑5份,诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2‑3份。本发明中使用的酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物中含有丰富的小肽、营养因子及新鲜鱼油,且具有浓厚的鱼腥味,作为诱食性的原料添加可以大大提高饲料的诱食性。此外,酶解的底物具有很好的促消化功能,相当于在鱼摄食前就已经起到了“预消化”的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加州鲈膨化饲料,特别是一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,人们对健康的鲜活水产品的需求越来越大。大口黑鲈,俗称加州鲈鱼,从分类学上而言,隶属于鲈形目、太阳鱼科、黑鲈属,是一种受到广大消费者喜爱的肉食性淡水鱼类。目前仍存在使用冰鲜投喂的情况,其中重要的一个原因就是冰鲜具有易消化、诱食性好的特点。但冰鲜由于来源不可追溯容易引起食品安全问题、重金属含量高、环境污染大而受到很大争议,目前加州鲈鱼全程膨化料已经逐渐成熟,但完全替代冰鲜,则需要在消化、诱导食性的提高上进一步深入研究,才能使养殖户彻底摒弃使用冰鲜投喂,以达到提高加州鲈鱼食品安全的目的。
因此,在人们对食品安全日益关注的大趋势下,开发一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种促进加州鲈鱼消化和摄食,且制备简单、效果显著,安全、无副作用的超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:包括
本发以下重量份的组分:日本级鱼粉35-40份,罗非鱼粉10-15份,磷虾粉6-13份,肠膜蛋白粉3-7份,木薯淀粉8-10份,磷酸二氢钙1-2份,精炼鱼油6.5-9份,鱿鱼内脏粉2-3份,加州鲈维生素预混料1-3份,加州鲈矿物质及其他预混料2-3.5份,酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3-5份,诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3份。明的目的还可以采用以下技术措施解决:
作为更具体的方案,所述加州鲈维生素预混料1-3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:维生素A为3%,维生素D为3%,维生素E为1%,维生素K为1%,维生素B1为0.5%,维生素B6为0.5%,维生素B12为0.5%, 烟酸为1.5%,泛酸为1.5%,生物素为1%,胆碱为12.5%,叶酸为2%,脱脂米糠为71.5%。
作为进一步的方案,所述加州专用矿物质及其他预混料2-3.5份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:磷酸二氢钙47%,硫酸铬钾1%,碳酸铜1%,柠檬酸铁2%,氧化镁1%,硫酸锰1%,单水柠檬酸钾15%,硫酸钾15%,氯化钠4%,沸石粉8%,抗氧化剂2%,胆汁酸1%,牛磺酸1%,左旋肉碱 1%。
作为进一步的方案,所述酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3-5份:由新鲜的沙丁鱼通过专用的设备新鲜鱼浆,首先,将沙丁鱼进行蒸煮,冷却后添加菠萝蛋白酶进行酶解经过筛网过滤后得到酶解沙丁鱼浆;将酶解沙丁鱼浆与发酵豆粕按照质量1:1比例混合制成酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物。
作为进一步的方案,所述酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物制备过程中酶解温度 37-50℃、pH值7-9,酶解时间5-8小时,制备后的酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物最后,成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
作为进一步的方案,所述诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:山楂8%、佛手11%、麦芽8%、甘草10%、柴胡 13%、发酵豆粕50%。上述中草药复方制剂选用常见的中草药为原料,原料来源方便。所有饲料的原料均在农业部颁布的《饲料添加剂品种目录》和《饲料原料目录》之内。
作为进一步的方案,所述诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3制备方法包括如下步骤:首先,按照重量配比分别称取山楂、佛手、麦芽、甘草、柴胡分别进行烘干,随后进行超微粉碎100-200目;接着,将各混合物,加水浸泡两小时后煎煮三次,每次加水量为药材总量的3倍,各高压煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,浓缩至密度为1.06以上,过滤,滤液合并,冷却后备用;然后把液体中草药合剂与发酵豆粕按照原质量的比例1:1比例混合备用,即得到诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物;最后,成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
作为进一步的方案,所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料粗蛋白含量为50.0%-54.0%,粗脂肪含量为7.0-13.0%,所制得的饲料开裂颗粒≤ 5%,成品粉状物≤0.1%。
一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料的制备方法,所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料中精炼鱼油、大豆磷脂油为液体原料,其余原料为固体,其特征是:具体包括以下步骤:第一、维生素预混料、矿物质及其他预混料、酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物、诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物按要求先做成备用;第二、根据其配方设计,按质量比称取各原料、并将固体原料转入配料仓中;第三、将所有固体原料混合均匀后,所有物料进行超微粉;第四、物料混合后,所有混合后的原料通过双螺杆膨化机进行高温高压膨化制粒;第五、在85~90℃条件下将饲料颗粒烘干;第六、烘干后的饲料颗粒进入喷油桶进行均匀喷撒液体原料;第七、将喷油后的膨化饲料进入冷却塔,冷却后分级、最后进行包装。
所述物料进行超微粉是指混合物能够通过200~320μm的筛网,更有利于吸收和消化。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明中使用的酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物中含有丰富的小肽、营养因子及新鲜鱼油,且具有浓厚的鱼腥味,作为诱食性的原料添加可以大大提高饲料的诱食性。此外,酶解的底物具有很好的促消化功能,相当于在鱼摄食前就已经起到了“预消化”的作用。
(2)本发明提供的诱食促消化的中草药饲料添加剂是根据多年的加州鲈养殖经验以及对现代中药药理学的研究,有助于促进消化何提高加州鲈料的诱食性。当中添加中草药制剂混合物主要由:山楂、佛手、麦芽、甘草、柴胡的提取物富含酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、解脂酶等,所含的解脂酶能促进脂肪类食物的消化。制作全程采用超微粉碎、液体萃取的工艺,最大程度获得了中草药中的有效活性成分。
(3)配方中使用精炼鱼油,由于精炼鱼油当中有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,通过饲料补充加州鲈生长过程中所需的油脂,使肉质富含的高级不饱和脂肪酸含量更高。
(4)日本级鱼粉、磷虾粉、肠膜蛋白粉、发酵豆粕、血球蛋白粉、罗非鱼粉等都是来源稳定的蛋白质,该科学配方的饲料成品氨基酸得到很好的平衡。
(5)本发明获得的超高消化率及诱食性饲料与常规普通加州料相比,不仅日投喂率得到明显提升,而且有利于加州鲈养殖的全程投喂,对加州鲈水产品安全具有重要作用。
(6)本发明的饲料提高加州鲈鱼料消化率,提高诱食性的特点,一方面,可提升饲料的消化利用率,降低饵料系数,降低养殖过程中的饵料成本;另一方面,彻底摒弃冰鲜投喂加州鲈的传统习惯,降低劳动强度,对加州鲈的食品安全有促进作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,包括以下重量份的组分:日本级鱼粉35-40份,罗非鱼粉10-15份,磷虾粉6-13份,肠膜蛋白粉3-7 份,木薯淀粉8-10份,磷酸二氢钙1-2份,精炼鱼油6.5-9份,鱿鱼内脏粉2-3份,加州鲈维生素预混料1-3份,加州鲈矿物质及其他预混料2-3.5 份,酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3-5份,诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3份。
结合下表,对鱼粉的档次分类说明:
鱼粉品级 | 蛋白≥ | 新鲜度 |
超级 | 68% | 80 |
日本级 | 67% | 90 |
中国台湾级 | 66% | 100 |
泰国级 | 65% | 130 |
普通级 | 64% | 130 |
所述加州鲈维生素预混料1-3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:维生素A为3%,维生素D为3%,维生素E为1%,维生素K为1%,维生素 B1为0.5%,维生素B6为0.5%,维生素B12为0.5%,烟酸为1.5%,泛酸为1.5%,生物素为1%,胆碱为12.5%,叶酸为2%,脱脂米糠为71.5%。
所述加州专用矿物质及其他预混料2-3.5份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:磷酸二氢钙47%,硫酸铬钾1%,碳酸铜1%,柠檬酸铁2%,氧化镁1%,硫酸锰1%,单水柠檬酸钾15%,硫酸钾15%,氯化钠4%,沸石粉8%,抗氧化剂2%,胆汁酸1%,牛磺酸1%,左旋肉碱1%。
所述酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3-5份:由新鲜的沙丁鱼通过专用的设备新鲜鱼浆,首先,将沙丁鱼进行蒸煮,冷却后添加菠萝蛋白酶进行酶解经过筛网过滤后得到酶解沙丁鱼浆;将酶解沙丁鱼浆与发酵豆粕按照质量1:1比例混合制成酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物。
所述酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物制备过程中酶解温度37-50℃、pH值7-9,酶解时间5-8小时,制备后的酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物最后,成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
所述诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:山楂8%、佛手11%、麦芽8%、甘草10%、柴胡13%、发酵豆粕50%。
所述诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3制备方法包括如下步骤:首先,按照重量配比分别称取山楂、佛手、麦芽、甘草、柴胡分别进行烘干,随后进行超微粉碎100-200目;接着,将各混合物,加水浸泡两小时后煎煮三次,每次加水量为药材总量的3倍,各高压煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,浓缩至密度为1.06以上,过滤,滤液合并,冷却后备用;然后把液体中草药合剂与发酵豆粕按照原质量的比例1:1比例混合备用,即得到诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物;最后,成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料粗蛋白含量为 50.0%-54.0%,粗脂肪含量为7.0-13.0%,所制得的饲料开裂颗粒≤5%,成品粉状物≤0.1%。
一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料的制备方法,所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料中精炼鱼油、大豆磷脂油为液体原料,其余原料为固体,其特征是:具体包括以下步骤:第一、维生素预混料、矿物质及其他预混料、酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物、诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物按要求先做成备用;第二、根据其配方设计,按质量比称取各原料、并将固体原料转入配料仓中;第三、将所有固体原料混合均匀后,所有物料进行超微粉;第四、物料混合后,所有混合后的原料通过双螺杆膨化机进行高温高压膨化制粒;第五、在85~90℃条件下将饲料颗粒烘干;第六、烘干后的饲料颗粒进入喷油桶进行均匀喷撒液体原料;第七、将喷油后的膨化饲料进入冷却塔,冷却后分级、最后进行包装。
所述物料进行超微粉是指混合物能够通过200~320μm的筛网。
本发明的超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料能够提高加州鲈摄食量,提高鱼种生长速度,全程使用饲料降低加州鲈鱼养殖损耗率,下面结合具体应用案例加以说明。
实施例1
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:一种超高消化率及诱食性加州鲈膨化饲料及制备方法,包括以下重量份的组分:日本级鱼粉38份,罗非鱼粉14份,磷虾粉12份,肠膜蛋白粉5份,木薯淀粉8份,磷酸二氢钙2份,精炼鱼油7份,鱿鱼内脏粉3份,加州鲈维生素预混料2份,加州鲈矿物质及其他预混料3份,酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物4份,诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2份。
将上述原料粉碎后,按上述比例混合好,经超微粉碎后经双螺杆膨化机制粒,然后烘干、喷油、冷却即可制成。本实施例配合饲料粗蛋白含量为 52.6%,粗脂肪含量为11.7%。
以市场上某品牌加州鲈配合饲料为对照,上述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料为试验组,在室内流水养殖系统中进行为期30天的对比试验。随机选择体质健壮、规格均匀的加州鲈(平均体重160±1g),带水称重,随机分组,每缸60尾,每组饲料4个重复。试验期间,每天9:00和18: 00分别饱食投喂一次,每次投喂量以试验鱼20min内吃完为准。加州鲈鱼种经30天养殖后,整箱称重,统计每箱剩余试验鱼数量,计算成活率,每个网箱随机取20尾测量体长和体重,计算增重率和增长率。最终采集的数据采用SPSS18.0软件进行单因素方差分析,并进行多重比较,P<0.05为差异显著。加州鲈鱼种各项生长性能如下表所示:
对本发明的超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料进行养殖场大塘验证试验,结果显示,佛山市顺德区区勒流镇养殖场水面8.6亩,水深2米, 2020年2月3日放0.9两/尾的加州鲈6万尾,用料176包(计40斤/包),至2020年4月3日结束,规格3.2两/尾,养殖周期60天,累计增重13800 斤商品鱼,饲料系数0.86,平均日投喂率为2.03%(普通加州鲈料行业平均水平为1.64%),养殖过程顺利,几乎无损耗。
任何熟悉本技术领域的人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案加以改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:包括以下重量份的组分:日本级鱼粉35-40份,罗非鱼粉10-15份,磷虾粉6-13份,肠膜蛋白粉3-7份,木薯淀粉8-10份,磷酸二氢钙1-2份,精炼鱼油6.5-9份,鱿鱼内脏粉2-3份,加州鲈维生素预混料1-3份,加州鲈矿物质及其他预混料2-3.5份,酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3-5份,诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述加州鲈维生素预混料1-3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:维生素A为3%,维生素D为3%,维生素E为1%,维生素K为1%,维生素B1为0.5%,维生素B6为0.5%,维生素B12为0.5%,烟酸为1.5%,泛酸为1.5%,生物素为1%,胆碱为12.5%,叶酸为2%,脱脂米糠为71.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述加州专用矿物质及其他预混料2-3.5份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:磷酸二氢钙47%,硫酸铬钾1%,碳酸铜1%,柠檬酸铁2%,氧化镁1%,硫酸锰1%,单水柠檬酸钾15%,硫酸钾15%,氯化钠4%,沸石粉8%,抗氧化剂2%,胆汁酸1%,牛磺酸1%,左旋肉碱1%。
4.根据权利要求1所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物3-5份:由新鲜的沙丁鱼通过专用的设备新鲜鱼浆,首先,将沙丁鱼进行蒸煮,冷却后添加菠萝蛋白酶进行酶解经过筛网过滤后得到酶解沙丁鱼浆;将酶解沙丁鱼浆与发酵豆粕按照质量1:1比例混合制成酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物制备过程中酶解温度37-50℃、pH值7-9,酶解时间5-8小时,制备后的酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物最后,成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
6.根据权利要求1所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成:山楂8%、佛手11%、麦芽8%、甘草10%、柴胡13%、发酵豆粕50%。
7.根据权利要求6所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物2-3制备方法包括如下步骤:首先,按照重量配比分别称取山楂、佛手、麦芽、甘草、柴胡分别进行烘干,随后进行超微粉碎100-200目;接着,将各混合物,加水浸泡两小时后煎煮三次,每次加水量为药材总量的3倍,各高压煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,浓缩至密度为1.06以上,过滤,滤液合并,冷却后备用;然后把液体中草药合剂与发酵豆粕按照原质量的比例1:1比例混合备用,即得到诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物;最后,成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
8.根据权利要求1所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料粗蛋白含量为50.0%-54.0%,粗脂肪含量为7.0-13.0%,所制得的饲料开裂颗粒≤5%,成品粉状物≤0.1%。
9.一种根据权利要求1所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料的制备方法,所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料中精炼鱼油、大豆磷脂油为液体原料,其余原料为固体,其特征是:具体包括以下步骤:第一、维生素预混料、矿物质及其他预混料、酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物、诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物按要求先做成备用;第二、根据其配方设计,按质量比称取各原料、并将固体原料转入配料仓中;第三、将所有固体原料混合均匀后,所有物料进行超微粉;第四、物料混合后,所有混合后的原料通过双螺杆膨化机进行高温高压膨化制粒;第五、在85~90℃条件下将饲料颗粒烘干;第六、烘干后的饲料颗粒进入喷油桶进行均匀喷撒液体原料;第七、将喷油后的膨化饲料进入冷却塔,冷却后分级、最后进行包装。
10.根据权利要求9所述超高消化率及诱食性的加州鲈膨化饲料,其特征是:所述物料进行超微粉是指混合物能够通过200~320μm的筛网。
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