CN113368876B - 碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法及应用于光水解制氢 - Google Patents
碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法及应用于光水解制氢 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纳米复合材料及环境技术领域,涉及光催化剂,尤其涉及一种碳点辅助Zn‑AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法,包括:将ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于去离子水中,加入碳点搅拌均匀,置于反应釜中110~180℃,水热反应4~10h,优选110℃反应4h,冷却至室温,先后用乙醇和水洗涤三次,干燥后即得,其中所述ZAIS/Co9S8:碳点:去离子水的固液比为10~100 mg:0.1~10 mg:5~50 mL。本发明所制得催化剂应用于光水解制氢。本发明在3D中空Co9S8纳米管表面分步修饰零维Zn‑AgIn5S8量子点和碳点构筑ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs异质结光催化剂来增强可见光析氢。制备工艺简单,价廉易得,反应时间较短,利用太阳光能转化为清洁能源减少了能耗和反应成本,便于批量生产,无毒无害,符合可持续发展要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米复合材料及环境技术领域,涉及光催化剂,尤其涉及一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法及应用于光水解制氢。
背景技术
氢能作为清洁和可再生的能源,在解决能源环境方面具有绿色和无污染的优势,受到广泛关注。光解水技术能够将太阳能转化为氢气,是有效利用和存储太阳能的理想方式。为了更好利用太阳光谱中43%的可见光,可见光响应的窄带隙材料的研究吸引了广泛关注。其中,I-III-VI族硫化物量子点因具有量子限域效应、比表面积大和可见光区消光系数高等独特特性被广泛应用于光催化领域。
然而,传统的I-III-VI基量子点光催化剂由于容易发生团聚和稳定性差而限制了其光催化性能。因此,研究者们开发了各种策略来解决这些问题。例如,两种具有不同能级的半导体材料的复合形成异质结,以减少电荷的复合;通过负载相匹配的助催化剂,将电子从光催化剂内部提取出来,提高电荷分离效率。Co9S8作为一种不含贵金属的光催化剂,具有许多优点,包括窄的带隙(0.9-1.4 eV)、高的导带位置和高效的电荷转移。碳点(CDs)具有丰富的表面官能团、独特的电子储存能力、光诱导电子转移特性和高效稳定的反应活性中心等优点成为催化领域一种极具吸引力的新材料。
基于上述考虑,发明人在3D中空Co9S8纳米管表面分步修饰0D Zn-AgIn5S8量子点和碳点来增强可见光析氢。这种独特的中空管状结构设计,不仅在光催化反应中提供了更大的比表面积和丰富的反应位点,还保证了Zn-AgIn5S8、Co9S8和碳点三者的充分接触,有效促进了光生电子和空穴的分离和转移。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法。
一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于去离子水中,加入碳点搅拌均匀,置于反应釜中110~180℃,水热反应4~10h,优选110℃反应4h,冷却至室温,先后用乙醇和水洗涤三次,干燥后即得,其中所述ZAIS/Co9S8:碳点:去离子水的固液比为10~100 mg:0.1~10 mg:5~50 mL,优选50 mg:3.5 mg:20 mL。
本发明较优公开例中,所述ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料,其制备方法包括:将Zn-AgIn5S8量子点溶解于去离子水中,加入浓度为1 mg/mL的Co9S8溶液搅拌至均匀分散,冷冻干燥(-30℃、36 h)处理得到ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料,其中所述Zn-AgIn5S8量子点:Co9S8溶液:去离子水的固液比为0.05~0.5 g:1~19 mL:5~8 mL,优选0.1 g:13 mL:5 mL。
本发明较优公开例中,所述碳点为自制,此处公开一种碳点的制备方法:将柠檬酸和乙二胺溶解在去离子水中分散均匀,移至反应釜,100~200℃水热反应4~12 h,优选180℃加热5 h待冷却至室温,透析,得到碳点,其中所述柠檬酸:乙二胺:去离子水的固液比为0.5~2 g:0.1~0.5 mL:5~20 mL,优选1.05 g:0.335 mL:10 mL。
进一步的,本发明所述Zn-AgIn5S8量子点,其制备方法包括:称取硝酸银、硝酸铟、二水合乙酸锌、L-半胱氨酸和巯基丙酸溶于水中,用1 M的NaOH调节溶液pH值为8.5,加入硫代乙酰胺超声搅拌,110~180℃水热反应3~8 h,优选110℃水热反应4 h,得到Zn-AgIn5S8量子点溶液,其中所述硝酸银:硝酸铟:二水合乙酸锌:L-半胱氨酸:巯基丙酸:水的固液比为0~0.1 g:0.2~0.9 g:0.1~0.5 g:0.1~0.6 g:0.2~2 mL:0.5~3 mL,优选0.0576 g:0.649 g:0.186 g:0.3635 g:0.87 mL:2 mL。
进一步的,本发明所述Co9S8,其制备方法包括:
A、将CH4N2O和CoCl2·6H2O溶于去离子水中超声分散均匀,移至反应釜120~180℃水热反应8~12 h,优选120℃反应10 h,冷却至室温,离心收集粉红色沉淀物得,用水和无水乙醇冲洗数次,60℃真空干燥过夜,制得Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10纳米棒;
B、将Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10纳米棒加入5 mg/mL的Na2S溶液中搅拌均匀,移至反应釜140~180℃水热反应6~12 h,优选160℃反应8 h,冷却至室温,离心得到黑色产物Co9S8纳米管,用水和无水乙醇洗涤,60℃真空干燥12 h,其中,所述Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10纳米棒:Na2S溶液的固液比为80~200 mg:20~80 mL,优选110 mg:40 mL。
本发明还有一个目的在于,将根据上述方法制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs应用于光水解制氢。
将新制备的20 mg样品分散于含0.25 M抗坏血酸的15 mL溶液,并置于反应瓶中;光照前,用大流速的氮气对反应瓶通15min氮气以排除空气;光反应系统连续照明5h;每隔1小时快速从反应体系中抽取1 mL气体,注入气相色谱仪(GC7900,TCD检测器),检测并评价光催化剂的催化活性。
本发明所制得ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs复合光催化剂形貌由透射电子显微镜(TEM)确定,光学性质由光致发光光谱(PL)确定,结构由X射线衍射(XRD)确定。以抗坏血酸溶液作为牺牲试剂进行光催化制氢实验,通过气相色谱仪检测,显示出优异的光催化活性。
有益效果
本发明首先利用简单水热合成方法合成Zn-AgIn5S8量子点、碳量子点和Co9S8纳米管,接着在3D中空Co9S8纳米管表面分步修饰零维Zn-AgIn5S8量子点和碳点构筑ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs异质结光催化剂来增强可见光析氢。本发明工艺非常简单,价廉易得,成本低廉,反应时间较短,利用太阳光能转化为清洁能源减少了能耗和反应成本,便于批量生产,无毒无害,符合可持续发展要求。
附图说明
图1. 实施例1制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs光催化剂的XRD图;
图2. 实施例1制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs光催化剂的TEM图(a)和HRTEM图(b);
图3. 实施例1制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs光催化剂的光致发光光谱图(a)和瞬态光电流谱图(b);
图4. 实施例所制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs光催化剂的产氢曲线图(a)和产氢速率图(b)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明,以使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将50 mg ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于20 mL去离子水中,加入一定量(0.5~4.5 mg)的碳点溶液搅拌1h,直至溶液均匀分散;
(2)将混合溶液在110℃保持4h,用乙醇/水洗涤三次,制得ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs保存在水中。
所制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs,最大产氢速率为3.64 mmol g-1 h-1。
其中,所述ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料的制备:将0.1 g Zn-AgIn5S8量子点溶解于15mL去离子水中,添加一定量(1~16 mL)浓度为1 mg/mL的Co9S8溶液并搅拌至均匀分散,-30℃、36 h冷冻干燥得到ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料。
所述Zn-AgIn5S8量子点的制备:
(1)称取0.0576 g AgNO3、0.649 g In(NO3)3·4.5H2O、0.186 g Zn(OAc)2·2H2O和0.3635 g L-半胱氨酸均匀分散在8 mL超纯水中;
(2)用1M的NaOH将溶液的pH值调到8.5并搅拌30min,添加TAA溶液(6.5 mL,0.244g),搅拌均匀,置于50 mL高压釜中,110℃水热反应4h,样品用水和乙醇离心数次,然后分散在超纯水中。
所述Co9S8纳米管的制备:
(1)将CH4N2O(5 mmol)和CoCl2·6H2O(5 mmol)溶解于40 mL水,超声处理20min,转移至50 mL反应釜,120℃保持h,冷却至室温,离心收集粉红色沉淀物,用水和无水乙醇冲洗数次,60℃真空干燥过夜得到Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10纳米棒前驱体;
(2)将110 mg Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10纳米棒前驱体加入Na2S溶液(5 mg/mL,40mL)中搅拌1h,转移到反应釜中160℃加热8h,自然冷却至室温后,离心得到黑色产物Co9S8纳米管,用水和无水乙醇洗涤,60℃真空干燥12h。
所述碳点的制备:
将柠檬酸(1.05 g)和乙二胺(335 µL)溶解在10 mL去离子水中,转移到20 mL反应釜,180℃加热5h,冷却至室温,得到褐黑色的产品,透析后得到碳点。
实施例2
一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将50 mg ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于20 mL去离子水中,加入0.5 mg的碳点溶液搅拌1h,直至溶液均匀分散;
(2)将混合溶液在110℃保持4h,用乙醇/水洗涤三次,制得ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs保存在水中。
所制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs,最大产氢速率为2.9 mmol g-1 h-1。
实施例3
一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将50 mg ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于20 mL去离子水中,加入2 mg的碳点溶液搅拌1h,直至溶液均匀分散;
(2)将混合溶液在180℃保持6h,用乙醇/水洗涤三次,制得ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs保存在水中。
所制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs,最大产氢速率为3.06 mmol g-1 h-1。
实施例4
一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8(ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs)量子点的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将50 mg ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于20 mL去离子水中,加入3.5 mg的碳点溶液搅拌1h,直至溶液均匀分散;
(2)将混合溶液在150℃保持6h,用乙醇/水洗涤三次,制得ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs保存在水中。
所制得的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs,最大产氢速率为3.635 mmol g-1 h-1。
ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs光催化剂的可见光催化活性实验
(1)配制50 mL浓度为0.2 M的抗坏血酸溶液;
(2)分别称取碳点不同复合比例的ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs催化剂样品20 mg,置于反应瓶中,放入抗坏血酸溶液超声10分钟;
(3)反应前,整个系统用真空泵抽30分钟以除去反应瓶中的空气;在光催化过程中,以氮气为载气,采用在线气相色谱(GC-7900)和TCD检测器,每小时收集和分析一次逸出气体。结果经过处理可以得到图4的产氢图。当Co9S8和碳点的负载含量分别为13%和7%时,最大产氢速率为3.64 mmol g-1 h-1,是纯Zn-AgIn5S8量子点的9.37倍。
ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs的表征分析
如图1所示Zn-AgIn5S8量子点、Co9S8纳米管、碳点和ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs纳米复合材料的XRD衍射谱图。ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs复合材料的XRD图谱与纯ZAIS量子点相似,在27.4°、46.4°和54.4°三处可发现明显的特征峰,归因于AgIn5S8立方相(JCPDS No. 25-1329)的(331)、(440)和(533)三个晶面。而29.8°和52.1°处的衍射峰分别对应于Co9S8(JCPDS No.86-2273)的(311)和(440)晶面,表明Co9S8成功地引入到复合材料中。
如图2a所示,在ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs复合材料中,清楚地发现0D Zn-AgIn5S8量子点和碳点均匀分布Co9S8纳米管的表面,三者呈现出紧密的结合。图2b给出了ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs复合物的HRTEM图像,表明0.28 nm的晶格归属于Co9S8的(222)平面,而0.38 nm和0.21 nm的晶格间距分别归因于Zn-AgIn5S8的(220)和碳点的(101)平面,表明两种量子点紧密的粘附在Co9S8纳米管的表面。
如图3a所示,纯Zn-AgIn5S8量子点在650 nm附近有一个强的发射峰,这是由在深给子-受体状态下光生电子-空穴对的复合引起的。随着Co9S8和碳点的引入,复合物的荧光强度降低说明Co9S8和碳点的引入可以有效地改善电荷分离,从而提高光催化活性。
如图4所示,图中可以清楚得知当碳点的负载比例为7%时,ZAIS/Co9S8/CDs异质结复合光催化剂具有优异的光催化产氢活性。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料溶解于去离子水中,加入碳点搅拌均匀,置于反应釜中110~180℃水热反应4~10h,冷却至室温,先后用乙醇和水洗涤三次,干燥后即得,其中所述ZAIS/Co9S8:碳点:去离子水的固液比为10~100mg:0.1~10mg:5~50mL;
所述ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料,其制备方法包括:将Zn-AgIn5S8量子点溶解于去离子水中,加入浓度为1mg/mL的Co9S8溶液搅拌至均匀分散,冷冻干燥处理得到ZAIS/Co9S8纳米复合材料,其中所述Zn-AgIn5S8量子点:Co9S8溶液:去离子水的固液比为0.05~0.5g:1~19mL:5~8mL;所述Co9S8为纳米管。
2.根据权利要求1所述碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法,其特征在于:所述置于反应釜中110℃水热反应4h。
3.根据权利要求1所述碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法,其特征在于:所述ZAIS/Co9S8:碳点:去离子水的固液比为50mg:3.5mg:20mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法,其特征在于:所述冷冻干燥的工艺参数为-30℃、36h。
5.根据权利要求1所述碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的制备方法,其特征在于:所述Zn-AgIn5S8量子点:Co9S8溶液:去离子水的固液比为0.1g:13mL:5mL。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述方法制备得到的碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点。
7.一种如权利要求6所述碳点辅助Zn-AgIn5S8/Co9S8量子点的应用,其特征在于:将其作为光催化剂应用于光水解制氢。
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