CN113349125A - Method for culturing and removing weeds of flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding - Google Patents
Method for culturing and removing weeds of flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113349125A CN113349125A CN202110784354.XA CN202110784354A CN113349125A CN 113349125 A CN113349125 A CN 113349125A CN 202110784354 A CN202110784354 A CN 202110784354A CN 113349125 A CN113349125 A CN 113349125A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- field
- water
- crayfish
- weeds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000132906 Tubificidae Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000201295 Euphrasia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000234653 Cyperus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000058871 Echinochloa crus-galli Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000178 Monochoria vaginalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding and removing weeds, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting a whole flat plate type paddy field with the height drop of no more than 5 cm: selecting an idle rice field for planting rice in one season in a water network area, wherein the area of the rice field is generally 5-15 mu, the original ridges around the rice field are firmer, the average height reaches 50-60 cm, and the width of the upper part of each ridge reaches 40-50 cm; one side of the periphery of the rice field, which is close to the ridge, is relatively low, and is 20-30 cm lower than the field, and the low-lying area accounts for 1-2% of the rice field in total; the paddy soil is clay loam without water leakage; the surface of the paddy field is required to be flat, the height drop of the whole paddy field is not more than 5cm, and when water is accumulated at the lowest part of the paddy field for 5cm deep, the highest part of the surface of the paddy field is also required to be below the horizontal plane; therefore, the germination and growth of weeds are controlled conveniently through water seal, the growth of weeds is inhibited by a physical method, no ditch is dug in a rice field, no bait is thrown, and the yield per mu of the clear water crayfish is 55 kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crayfish paddy field culture and weed removal, in particular to a method for culturing flat plate type paddy field crayfish without ditching and feeding and removing weed.
Background
The crayfish belongs to the class of the Mycolepsy, the class of crustaceans, the family of crayfish, the genus of Procambrus, the name of crayfish, the academic name of Procambrus clarkii (hereinafter generically referred to as crayfish), has delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, is popular among people, and is a main variety for shrimp culture at present. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of crayfishes are rapidly reduced, and the price is gradually increased, so that the market demand is met through artificial scientific culture. According to the invention, rice straws are completely returned to the field after rice is harvested, and straw organic matters are slowly decomposed to fertilize water without influencing the growth of crayfish; 7-10 days after the rice is planted, rice bran, fine rice bran, shells and the like are mixed to seal the field surface to prevent weeds from growing; thereby achieving the purposes of culturing crayfishes in the flat plate type paddy field and removing weeds and improving the cultivation efficiency of the paddy field.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for culturing the crayfishes in the flat plate type paddy field without ditching, feeding and removing weeds to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing crayfishes in a flat plate type rice field without ditching, feeding and removing weeds, which is characterized in that the selection of the flat plate type rice field is adopted; treating the harvested rice straws; 150kg of organic fertilizer which is fully fermented per mu of rice field after the broken straws scattered in the field are basically decomposed; after fertilization, introducing tubificidae into the rice field to provide a high-quality protein bait source; the waterweeds and the eyebright are planted in the strip and block shape in different areas, and the aquatic weed species combination creates better ecological conditions; when the coverage rate of the waterweed and the eyebright reaches 60% -70%, putting high-quality crayfish fries, and fully playing the growth promoting effect of the eyebright on crayfish; checking the biomass variation conditions of the waterweeds, the eyebright and the tubificidae in the rice field; through the comprehensive means, a good ecological system of the rice field is constructed, the productivity of the ecological system of the rice field is fully utilized, no granulated feed is fed, the body surface of the cultured crayfish is clean, the crayfish is high in price and is sold in the market, and the problems in the background art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for culturing flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching, feeding and removing weeds comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a whole flat plate type paddy field with the height drop of no more than 5 cm: selecting an idle rice field for planting rice in one season in a water network area, wherein the area of the rice field is generally 5-15 mu, the original ridges around the rice field are firmer, the average height reaches 50-60 cm, and the width of the upper part of each ridge reaches 40-50 cm; one side of the periphery of the rice field, which is close to the ridge, is relatively low, and is 20-30 cm lower than the field, and the low-lying area accounts for 1-2% of the rice field in total; the paddy soil is clay loam without water leakage; the surface of the paddy field is required to be flat, the height drop of the whole paddy field is not more than 5cm, and when water is accumulated at the lowest part of the paddy field for 5cm deep, the highest part of the surface of the paddy field is also required to be below the horizontal plane; thus facilitating the control of weed germination and growth through 'water seal';
step two: after the rice is harvested, the rice is insolated in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of the upright rice stubble slightly yellows, and the water supply to the field surface is started after the crushed straws are completely withered and yellow;
1) when the rice is mature, the field surface is completely drained and dried in the sun (a small amount of water is accumulated along the low-lying part around the ridge), then the rice is harvested by a harvester, and the height of the rice stubble is kept to be more than 45 cm;
2) a grass outlet of the harvester is modified, a grass outlet guide sheet is additionally arranged at the grass outlet, the grass outlet guide sheet is inclined upwards at an angle of 45 ℃, the crushed straws at the upper part are guided to cover upright rice stubbles, the crushed straws at the upper part are covered on the upright rice stubbles, and the guide sheet is made of common stainless steel;
3) after rice is harvested, the rice is exposed to the sun in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of upright rice stubble slightly yellows, all broken straws covering the rice stubble are withered and yellow, the rice field is watered comprehensively for the first time, the water level of the field surface is kept at 10-15 cm, and the broken straws scattered on the field surface are slowly decomposed;
4) when the preliminary decomposition of the crushed straws is basically finished (about 15 days after the first watering), watering for the second time, keeping the water level of the field surface at 20-25 cm, and slowly decomposing partial straws of the rice stubble soaked in the water; when the rice stubble is soaked in the water and partially discolours and decomposes, adding water again, keeping the water level of the field surface at 20 cm-25 cm, and keeping the water level to 3 months in the second year;
5) because the surface layer of the soil has good air permeability, some aerobic microorganisms can be propagated, and the surface layer structure of the soil is improved; the slowly decomposed straw organic matter is mainly utilized by the planted elodea and the eyebright, so that the water quality of the rice field is not rapidly deteriorated in 5 months, the concentrated disease outbreak of crayfish love diseases is avoided, and the crayfish is forced to grow grass;
6) after the rice is harvested, feeding water in batches, slowly decomposing the rice straws to be utilized by water plants and plankton, returning the whole amount of the rice straws to the field to cause the water quality of the rice field to be rapidly deteriorated, and converting the rice straws into crayfish aquatic products through biological chain ways such as the water plants and the plankton;
step three: 150kg of organic fertilizer which is fully fermented per mu of rice field after the broken straws scattered in the field are basically decomposed; raking the organic fertilizer evenly to ensure that the planted waterweeds can grow vigorously and leave a base fertilizer for the growth of the rice in the future: the organic fertilizer is prepared by selecting chicken manure as a main material, adding biological agents such as EM (effective microorganisms) and the like, fully fermenting to kill pathogenic bacteria in the organic fertilizer, uniformly applying the organic fertilizer into a ploughed rice field, and uniformly raking the organic fertilizer by a machine, so that on one hand, sufficient nutrients are provided for planted aquatic weeds, feed is provided for growth of water earthworms, on the other hand, a base fertilizer is left for future production of rice, and the using amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced;
step four: after fertilization, introducing tubificidae into the rice field to provide a high-quality protein bait source: after the rice field is ploughed and fertilized, the earthworms can be introduced into the field when the temperature is reduced to about 25 ℃, and the seed sources of the earthworms are rich in sewage drainage ditches at suburbs in cities and towns, sewage drainage ditches for livestock and poultry farms, slaughterhouses, sugar factories and food factories and the like, so that the earthworms can be harvested nearby; uniformly scattering the collected earthworm seeds on the fertilizer mud of the rice field, and inoculating 300-500 g of earthworm seeds per square meter of culture area;
step five: timely feeding high-quality crayfish fries: after the elodea nutans and the like are cultivated for several months, feeding crayfish seedlings properly according to the number of the crayfish seedlings ecologically bred in the field at the bottom of 3 months or at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, wherein the specification is controlled to be 160-200 tails/kg, and 10-15 kg of the crayfish seedlings with the above specification are thrown in each mu of rice field;
step six: the crayfish is cultivated without feeding in the whole process, weed seeds are removed, and a weed-free space is reserved for the growth of rice; checking the biomass change condition of aquatic plants such as the waterweeds in the rice field: after the crayfish fries are put in, biomass variation conditions such as the waterweeds in the rice field are checked in the morning and evening every day, and the number of the tubificidae is rapidly reduced 10 days before the crayfish fries are put in, and no feed is fed; after the crayfish fries are put for 20 days, when the water earthworms, the elodea and the like are rapidly reduced through examination, the crayfish fries are not fed with feed; after 30 days of putting crayfish fries, checking to find that the biomass of tubificidae, waterweed and the like is less, and feeding is not carried out; after the crayfish fries are thrown for 40 days, the examination finds that rice tender shoots, weeds and the like in the rice field are all removed by crayfish with roots, and no feed is fed; the crayfish breeding process always insists that no feed is fed, induces and forces the crayfish to use powerful crayfish and hunger to utilize and remove the scattered weed seeds in the rice field, and finally, the rice field is cleaned up, and a weed-free space is left for the growth of paddy rice; part of the weed seeds germinate earlier than the rice seeds and are first ingested and removed by the crayfish;
step seven: transplanting rice seedlings with water artificially, and inhibiting weeds in the rice field from sprouting by water sealing; the artificial rice transplanting with water is carried out, when the fishing and selling of adult crayfishes in 5 months are finished, the water level of a rice field is kept at 5-10 cm, and the rice seedlings of about 40 days are artificially transplanted, so that the rice seedlings are old, the crayfishes which are not caught in the rice field cannot clamp the rice seedlings, the rice seedlings can quickly survive, turn green and tillere, the field surface is sealed to play a role in shading, the water seal inhibits the germination and growth of weeds in the rice field, and after the rice seedlings are sealed, the utilization competition of resources such as light, moisture, nutrition and the like is far more than that of the weeds which just begin to germinate and grow;
step eight: after the rice seedlings are transplanted, the physical method inhibits the growth of weeds: 7-10 days after rice planting, using 60-70 kg of rice bran (the ratio of the fine rice bran to the shell is 1: 2) per mu, adding 7kg of calcium superphosphate, adding 3kg of green potassium, uniformly spreading on the field surface, keeping the water layer at 5-10 cm for 7-10 days, and avoiding people from entering the field as much as possible; after rice bran and fertilizer are fermented, the rice field becomes dark in water color, and the photosynthesis of weeds is prevented from stopping growing; secondly, the PH of the field water rises, and weed cores and tender shoots are burnt out; the water layer is kept 5-10 cm, so that core leaves of the rice seedlings cannot be submerged, and the rice seedlings cannot be affected; the method can prevent and control barnyard grass, monochoria vaginalis and nutgrass flatsedge, and the prevention effect can reach 90%. Then pulling out other small amount of big grass manually.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the method, a whole flat-plate rice field with the height drop not more than 5cm is selected, rice is harvested, is exposed in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of a rice stubble is slightly yellow when standing upright, water is fed to the field surface after all straws are smashed to be withered and yellow, 150kg of organic fertilizer is fully fermented in each mu of the rice field after the straws are scattered in the field and basically decomposed, and tubificidae is introduced into the rice field after fertilization, so that a high-quality protein bait source is provided. Timely feeding high-quality crayfish fries. The crayfish breeding process is characterized in that no feed is fed, weed seeds are removed, a weed-free space is left for rice growth, rice seedlings are transplanted with water artificially, water seal inhibits the germination of weeds in the rice field, after the rice seedlings are transplanted, the growth of the weeds is inhibited by a physical method, no ditch is dug in the rice field, no feed is fed, and the yield per mu of the clear water crayfish is 55 kg.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for culturing flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding and removing weeds, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a whole flat plate type paddy field with the height drop of no more than 5 cm: selecting an idle rice field for planting rice in one season in a water network area, wherein the area of the rice field is generally 5-15 mu, the original ridges around the rice field are firmer, the average height reaches 50-60 cm, and the width of the upper part of each ridge reaches 40-50 cm; one side of the periphery of the rice field, which is close to the ridge, is relatively low, and is 20-30 cm lower than the field, and the low-lying area accounts for 1-2% of the rice field in total; the paddy soil is clay loam without water leakage; the surface of the paddy field is required to be flat, the height drop of the whole paddy field is not more than 5cm, and when water is accumulated at the lowest part of the paddy field for 5cm deep, the highest part of the surface of the paddy field is also required to be below the horizontal plane; thus facilitating the control of weed germination and growth through 'water seal';
step two: after the rice is harvested, the rice is insolated in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of the upright rice stubble slightly yellows, and the water supply to the field surface is started after the crushed straws are completely withered and yellow;
1) when the rice is mature, the field surface is completely drained and dried in the sun (a small amount of water is accumulated along the low-lying part around the ridge), then the rice is harvested by a harvester, and the height of the rice stubble is kept to be more than 45 cm;
2) a grass outlet of the harvester is modified, a grass outlet guide sheet is additionally arranged at the grass outlet, the grass outlet guide sheet is inclined upwards at an angle of 45 ℃, the crushed straws at the upper part are guided to cover upright rice stubbles, the crushed straws at the upper part are covered on the upright rice stubbles, and the guide sheet is made of common stainless steel;
3) after rice is harvested, the rice is exposed to the sun in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of upright rice stubble slightly yellows, all broken straws covering the rice stubble are withered and yellow, the rice field is watered comprehensively for the first time, the water level of the field surface is kept at 10-15 cm, and the broken straws scattered on the field surface are slowly decomposed;
4) when the preliminary decomposition of the crushed straws is basically finished (about 15 days after the first watering), watering for the second time, keeping the water level of the field surface at 20-25 cm, and slowly decomposing partial straws of the rice stubble soaked in the water; when the rice stubble is soaked in the water and partially discolours and decomposes, adding water again, keeping the water level of the field surface at 20 cm-25 cm, and keeping the water level to 3 months in the second year;
5) because the surface layer of the soil has good air permeability, some aerobic microorganisms can be propagated, and the surface layer structure of the soil is improved; the slowly decomposed straw organic matter is mainly utilized by the planted elodea and the eyebright, so that the water quality of the rice field is not rapidly deteriorated in 5 months, the concentrated disease outbreak of crayfish love diseases is avoided, and the crayfish is forced to grow grass;
6) after the rice is harvested, the rice is fed in batches, the rice straws are slowly decomposed and utilized by the waterweeds and the plankton, the water quality of the rice field is rapidly deteriorated due to the fact that the rice straws are returned to the field in full, and the water straws and the plankton are converted into crayfish aquatic products through biological chain ways such as the waterweeds and the plankton.
Step three: 150kg of organic fertilizer which is fully fermented per mu of rice field after the broken straws scattered in the field are basically decomposed; raking the organic fertilizer evenly to ensure that the planted waterweeds can grow vigorously and leave a base fertilizer for the growth of the rice in the future: the organic fertilizer is prepared by selecting chicken manure as a main material, adding biological agents such as EM (effective microorganisms) and the like, fully fermenting to kill pathogenic bacteria in the organic fertilizer, uniformly applying the organic fertilizer into a ploughed rice field, and uniformly raking the organic fertilizer by a machine, so that on one hand, sufficient nutrients are provided for planted aquatic weeds, baits are provided for growth of water earthworms, on the other hand, a base fertilizer is left for future production of rice, and the using amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced.
Step four: after fertilization, introducing tubificidae into the rice field to provide a high-quality protein bait source: after the rice field is ploughed and fertilized, the earthworms can be introduced into the field when the temperature is reduced to about 25 ℃, and the seed sources of the earthworms are rich in sewage drainage ditches at suburbs in cities and towns, sewage drainage ditches for livestock and poultry farms, slaughterhouses, sugar factories and food factories and the like, so that the earthworms can be harvested nearby; the collected earthworm seeds are uniformly scattered on the fertilizer mud of the rice field, and inoculation is preferably carried out according to 300-500 g per square meter of culture area.
Step five: timely feeding high-quality crayfish fries: after the elodea nutans and the like are cultivated for several months, feeding crayfish seedlings properly according to the number of the crayfish seedlings ecologically bred in the field at the bottom of 3 months or at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, controlling the specification to be 160-200 tails/kg, and feeding 10-15 kg of the crayfish seedlings with the specification in each mu of rice field.
Step six: the crayfish is cultivated without feeding in the whole process, weed seeds are removed, and a weed-free space is reserved for the growth of rice; checking the biomass change condition of aquatic plants such as the waterweeds in the rice field: after the crayfish fries are put in, biomass variation conditions such as the waterweeds in the rice field are checked in the morning and evening every day, and the number of the tubificidae is rapidly reduced 10 days before the crayfish fries are put in, and no feed is fed; after the crayfish fries are put for 20 days, when the water earthworms, the elodea and the like are rapidly reduced through examination, the crayfish fries are not fed with feed; after 30 days of putting crayfish fries, checking to find that the biomass of tubificidae, waterweed and the like is less, and feeding is not carried out; after the crayfish fries are thrown for 40 days, the examination finds that rice tender shoots, weeds and the like in the rice field are all removed by crayfish with roots, and no feed is fed; the crayfish breeding process always insists that no feed is fed, induces and forces the crayfish to use powerful crayfish and hunger to utilize and remove the scattered weed seeds in the rice field, and finally, the rice field is cleaned up, and a weed-free space is left for the growth of paddy rice; a part of the weed seeds germinate earlier than the rice seeds and are first removed by feeding crayfish.
Step seven: transplanting rice seedlings with water artificially, and inhibiting weeds in the rice field from sprouting by water sealing; the artificial water-carrying rice transplanting is characterized in that when the adult crayfishes in 5 months are caught and sold soon, the water level of a rice field is kept at 5-10 cm, and the rice seedlings of about 40 days are planted manually, so that the rice seedlings are old, the crayfishes which are not caught in the rice field cannot clamp the rice seedlings, the rice seedlings can quickly survive, turn green and tillere, the field surface is sealed to play a role in shading, the water seal inhibits the germination and growth of weeds in the rice field, and after the rice seedlings are sealed, the utilization competition of resources such as light, moisture, nutrition and the like is far superior to the weeds which just begin to germinate and grow.
Step eight: after the rice seedlings are transplanted, the physical method inhibits the growth of weeds: 7-10 days after rice planting, using 60-70 kg of rice bran (the ratio of the fine rice bran to the shell is 1: 2) per mu, adding 7kg of calcium superphosphate, adding 3kg of green potassium, uniformly spreading on the field surface, keeping the water layer at 5-10 cm for 7-10 days, and avoiding people from entering the field as much as possible; after rice bran and fertilizer are fermented, the rice field becomes dark in water color, and the photosynthesis of weeds is prevented from stopping growing; secondly, the PH of the field water rises, and weed cores and tender shoots are burnt out; the water layer is kept 5-10 cm, so that core leaves of the rice seedlings cannot be submerged, and the rice seedlings cannot be affected; the method can prevent and control barnyard grass, monochoria vaginalis and nutgrass flatsedge, and the prevention effect can reach 90%. Then pulling out other small amount of big grass manually;
step nine: no trench is dug in the field, no bait is thrown, and the yield per mu of the clear water crayfish is 55 kg:
55kg of clear water crayfish can be produced per mu through the steps from the first step to the eighth step, the average specification reaches 5 money, the market selling price reaches 40 yuan/kg, and the yield per mu reaches 2200 yuan; the yield per mu of the shrimp rice without herbicide is 350kg, the yield per mu is 2800 yuan, the total yield per mu is 5000 yuan, and the profit is 2280 yuan.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for culturing flat plate type paddy field crayfish without ditching, feeding and removing weeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a whole flat plate type paddy field with the height drop of no more than 5 cm: selecting an idle rice field for planting rice in one season in a water network area, wherein the area of the rice field is generally 5-15 mu, the original ridges around the rice field are firmer, the average height reaches 50-60 cm, and the width of the upper part of each ridge reaches 40-50 cm; one side of the periphery of the rice field, which is close to the ridge, is relatively low, and is 20-30 cm lower than the field, and the low-lying area accounts for 1-2% of the rice field in total; the paddy soil is clay loam without water leakage; the surface of the paddy field is required to be flat, the height drop of the whole paddy field is not more than 5cm, and when water is accumulated at the lowest part of the paddy field for 5cm deep, the highest part of the surface of the paddy field is also required to be below the horizontal plane; thus facilitating the control of weed germination and growth through 'water seal';
step two: after the rice is harvested, the rice is insolated in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of the upright rice stubble slightly yellows, and the water supply to the field surface is started after the crushed straws are completely withered and yellow;
step three: 150kg of organic fertilizer which is fully fermented per mu of rice field after the broken straws scattered in the field are basically decomposed; raking the organic fertilizer evenly to ensure that the planted waterweeds can grow vigorously and leave a base fertilizer for the growth of the rice in the future: the organic fertilizer is prepared by selecting chicken manure as a main material, adding biological agents such as EM (effective microorganisms) and the like, fully fermenting to kill pathogenic bacteria in the organic fertilizer, uniformly applying the organic fertilizer into a ploughed rice field, and uniformly raking the organic fertilizer by a machine, so that on one hand, sufficient nutrients are provided for planted aquatic weeds, feed is provided for growth of water earthworms, on the other hand, a base fertilizer is left for future production of rice, and the using amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced;
step four: after fertilization, introducing tubificidae into the rice field to provide a high-quality protein bait source: after the rice field is ploughed and fertilized, the earthworms can be introduced into the field when the temperature is reduced to about 25 ℃, and the seed sources of the earthworms are rich in sewage drainage ditches at suburbs in cities and towns, sewage drainage ditches for livestock and poultry farms, slaughterhouses, sugar factories and food factories and the like, so that the earthworms can be harvested nearby; uniformly scattering the collected earthworm seeds on the fertilizer mud of the rice field, and inoculating 300-500 g of earthworm seeds per square meter of culture area;
step five: timely feeding high-quality crayfish fries: after the elodea nutans and the like are cultivated for several months, feeding crayfish seedlings properly according to the number of the crayfish seedlings ecologically bred in the field at the bottom of 3 months or at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, wherein the specification is controlled to be 160-200 tails/kg, and 10-15 kg of the crayfish seedlings with the above specification are thrown in each mu of rice field;
step six: the crayfish is cultivated without feeding in the whole process, weed seeds are removed, and a weed-free space is reserved for the growth of rice; checking the biomass change condition of aquatic plants such as the waterweeds in the rice field: after the crayfish fries are put in, biomass variation conditions such as the waterweeds in the rice field are checked in the morning and evening every day, and the number of the tubificidae is rapidly reduced 10 days before the crayfish fries are put in, and no feed is fed; after the crayfish fries are put for 20 days, when the water earthworms, the elodea and the like are rapidly reduced through examination, the crayfish fries are not fed with feed; after 30 days of putting crayfish fries, checking to find that the biomass of tubificidae, waterweed and the like is less, and feeding is not carried out; after the crayfish fries are thrown for 40 days, the examination finds that rice tender shoots, weeds and the like in the rice field are all removed by crayfish with roots, and no feed is fed; the crayfish breeding process always insists that no feed is fed, induces and forces the crayfish to use powerful crayfish and hunger to utilize and remove the scattered weed seeds in the rice field, and finally, the rice field is cleaned up, and a weed-free space is left for the growth of paddy rice; part of the weed seeds germinate earlier than the rice seeds and are first ingested and removed by the crayfish;
step seven: transplanting rice seedlings with water artificially, and inhibiting weeds in the rice field from sprouting by water sealing; the artificial rice transplanting with water is carried out, when the fishing and selling of adult crayfishes in 5 months are finished, the water level of a rice field is kept at 5-10 cm, and the rice seedlings of about 40 days are artificially transplanted, so that the rice seedlings are old, the crayfishes which are not caught in the rice field cannot clamp the rice seedlings, the rice seedlings can quickly survive, turn green and tillere, the field surface is sealed to play a role in shading, the water seal inhibits the germination and growth of weeds in the rice field, and after the rice seedlings are sealed, the utilization competition of resources such as light, moisture, nutrition and the like is far more than that of the weeds which just begin to germinate and grow;
step eight: after the rice seedlings are transplanted, the physical method inhibits the growth of weeds: 7-10 days after rice planting, using 60-70 kg of rice bran (the ratio of the fine rice bran to the shell is 1: 2) per mu, adding 7kg of calcium superphosphate, adding 3kg of green potassium, uniformly spreading on the field surface, keeping the water layer at 5-10 cm for 7-10 days, and avoiding people from entering the field as much as possible; after rice bran and fertilizer are fermented, the rice field becomes dark in water color, and the photosynthesis of weeds is prevented from stopping growing; secondly, the PH of the field water rises, and weed cores and tender shoots are burnt out; the water layer is kept 5-10 cm, so that core leaves of the rice seedlings cannot be submerged, and the rice seedlings cannot be affected; the method can prevent and control barnyard grass, monochoria vaginalis and nutgrass flatsedge, and the prevention effect can reach 90%. Then pulling out other small amount of big grass manually.
2. The method for culturing and removing the weeds of the flat plate type paddy field crayfishes in the claim 1 without ditching and feeding comprises the following steps: and in the second step, after the rice is harvested, the rice is insolated in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of upright rice stubble is slightly yellow, and the water on the field surface is started after all straws are smashed to be withered and yellow, the method comprises the following steps:
1) when the rice is mature, the field surface is completely drained and dried in the sun (a small amount of water is accumulated along the low-lying part around the ridge), then the rice is harvested by a harvester, and the height of the rice stubble is kept to be more than 45 cm;
2) a grass outlet of the harvester is modified, a grass outlet guide sheet is additionally arranged at the grass outlet, the grass outlet guide sheet is inclined upwards at an angle of 45 ℃, the crushed straws at the upper part are guided to cover upright rice stubbles, the crushed straws at the upper part are covered on the upright rice stubbles, and the guide sheet is made of common stainless steel;
3) after rice is harvested, the rice is exposed to the sun in 10-15 sunny days, the surface of upright rice stubble slightly yellows, all broken straws covering the rice stubble are withered and yellow, the rice field is watered comprehensively for the first time, the water level of the field surface is kept at 10-15 cm, and the broken straws scattered on the field surface are slowly decomposed;
4) when the preliminary decomposition of the crushed straws is basically finished (about 15 days after the first watering), watering for the second time, keeping the water level of the field surface at 20-25 cm, and slowly decomposing partial straws of the rice stubble soaked in the water; when the rice stubble is soaked in the water and partially discolours and decomposes, adding water again, keeping the water level of the field surface at 20 cm-25 cm, and keeping the water level to 3 months in the second year;
5) because the surface layer of the soil has good air permeability, some aerobic microorganisms can be propagated, and the surface layer structure of the soil is improved; the slowly decomposed straw organic matter is mainly utilized by the planted elodea and the eyebright, so that the water quality of the rice field is not rapidly deteriorated in 5 months, the concentrated disease outbreak of crayfish love diseases is avoided, and the crayfish is forced to grow grass;
6) after the rice is harvested, the rice is fed in batches, the rice straws are slowly decomposed and utilized by the waterweeds and the plankton, the water quality of the rice field is rapidly deteriorated due to the fact that the rice straws are returned to the field in full, and the water straws and the plankton are converted into crayfish aquatic products through biological chain ways such as the waterweeds and the plankton.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110784354.XA CN113349125A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Method for culturing and removing weeds of flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110784354.XA CN113349125A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Method for culturing and removing weeds of flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113349125A true CN113349125A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
Family
ID=77539175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110784354.XA Pending CN113349125A (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Method for culturing and removing weeds of flat plate type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113349125A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1052209A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-24 | Hideo Nishifuji | Prevention of emergence of weed in paddy field |
| WO2015166408A2 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | Method for improving the production of cultured aquatic animals in combined rice-aquaculture systems |
| CN105918034A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Method for controlling grass and increasing fertility in organic paddy field by adopting rice bran |
| CN106258655A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 广东海纳农业有限公司 | A kind of herbicidal methods of organic paddy rice |
| CN108243879A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-06 | 和县万源生态种养殖家庭农场 | Crop smothering preventing control method in organic paddy rice planting process |
| CN109220644A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-01-18 | 赵正权 | A kind of organic rice implantation methods |
| CN111758628A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-13 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for cultivating and removing weed rice of plate-type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding |
-
2021
- 2021-07-12 CN CN202110784354.XA patent/CN113349125A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1052209A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-24 | Hideo Nishifuji | Prevention of emergence of weed in paddy field |
| WO2015166408A2 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | Method for improving the production of cultured aquatic animals in combined rice-aquaculture systems |
| CN105918034A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Method for controlling grass and increasing fertility in organic paddy field by adopting rice bran |
| CN106258655A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 广东海纳农业有限公司 | A kind of herbicidal methods of organic paddy rice |
| CN109220644A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-01-18 | 赵正权 | A kind of organic rice implantation methods |
| CN108243879A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-06 | 和县万源生态种养殖家庭农场 | Crop smothering preventing control method in organic paddy rice planting process |
| CN111758628A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-13 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for cultivating and removing weed rice of plate-type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111758628B (en) | Method for cultivating and removing weed rice of plate-type paddy field crayfishes without ditching and feeding | |
| CN108718965B (en) | Rice and shrimp ecological planting and breeding method for rice and shrimp co-culture | |
| CN103891659B (en) | Method for breeding Odontobutis obscura through fish-rice symbiosis in pool | |
| CN105379646A (en) | Method for planting rice in Procambarus clarkii culture pond | |
| CN101755581B (en) | Method for three-dimensional planting and breeding of agricultural products | |
| CN106613589A (en) | Rice lobster continuous cropping ecological cultivation method | |
| CN103270918A (en) | Rice and shrimp joint culturing ecological breeding system and method | |
| CN105961118A (en) | Method for interplanting pasture in camellia oleifera field for raising and stocking poultry | |
| CN111480604A (en) | Method for cultivating shrimps and crabs in rotation in green and efficient rice field co-farming mode | |
| CN101664011A (en) | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki | |
| CN106258755B (en) | A kind of implantation methods of the yellow jacket tree forest interplanting bletilla striata | |
| CN103385190A (en) | Symbiotic cultivation method of odontobutis obscura, snails and river crabs | |
| CN113647349B (en) | Rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding method based on trenchless paddy field transformation | |
| CN108812040A (en) | Vineyard set grass poultry zoology breeding technology | |
| CN112690184B (en) | Ecological breeding method for rice and fish and ecological breeding rice field for rice and fish | |
| CN110973026A (en) | Method for breeding crayfish seedlings in advance | |
| CN101773029B (en) | Method for three-dimensionally planting and breeding loofahs, water cresses and crabs | |
| CN105123253B (en) | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla | |
| CN107466754A (en) | A kind of stereo ecological breeding method that rice loach vegetables combine | |
| CN107996477A (en) | A kind of lobster cultivation method based on space lotus | |
| CN113039989A (en) | Intelligent ecological planting method for changing selenium-rich orchard into soil and controlling grass in hilly and mountainous areas | |
| CN113455432A (en) | Method for culturing river crabs and crayfishes in same pond | |
| CN110896798B (en) | Three-dimensional comprehensive planting and breeding method | |
| CN112493188A (en) | Rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method | |
| CN112136730A (en) | Method for breeding river snails and spotted silver carps by intercropping rice shrimps |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210907 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |