CN113349008A - Sugarcane water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method - Google Patents
Sugarcane water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/14—Celastraceae [Staff-tree or Bittersweet family], e.g. spindle tree, bittersweet or thunder god vine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/32—Ranunculaceae [Buttercup family], e.g. hepatica, hydrastis or goldenseal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcane, which comprises the steps of preparing soil before planting, digging a planting ditch, and soaking stem sections with buds in an insecticide solution; after planting, burying the starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles soaked with the pesticide solution in a planting ditch, and then covering soil; green manure plants are planted at the positions between the planting rows where the mulching films are not laid, so that water and soil are protected, and transpiration is reduced; drip irrigation and fertilization are adopted, the soil humidity is kept to be 55-70% in the seedling stage, 60-75% in the tillering stage, 75-80% in the elongation stage and 50-60% in the maturation stage. Under the condition that the sugarcane has the water and fertilizer integrated cultivation condition, the supply of water and fertilizer is ensured according to the growth rule of the sugarcane, and the purposes of high yield and high sugar are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcanes.
Background
Sugarcane is a perennial herb of saccharum officinarum of the family gramineae and is an important sugar crop in China. Because the sugarcane growing areas in China are continuously planted for a long time, the crop rotation areas are few, so that the diseases and insect pests of the sugarcane accumulate day by day and month, and the damage degree of the sugarcane is continuously increased. At present, the common occurrence of sugarcane diseases and insect pests becomes one of important factors for restricting the sustainable development of the sucrose industry. The chemical pesticide is used by farmers in large quantities for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests to cause the natural enemies of sugarcane diseases and insect pests to die in large quantities, the mutual restriction balance relationship among insects in the nature is broken, and pests which harm sugarcane generate drug resistance, so that the prevention and treatment of sugarcane pests are more difficult and more passive, and the sugarcane growth environment and human health are threatened by pollution due to the residue of chemical pesticide.
Under the large background of food safety requirements, the method has important significance for reducing the plant diseases and insect pests of the sugarcane by adopting an environment-friendly and non-toxic mode. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sugarcane planting technology for preventing plant diseases and insect pests and ensuring high yield and high quality of sugarcane.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcane, which reduces the use of chemical pesticides and effectively prevents and treats diseases and insect pests of sugarcane seeds.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcane comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a farmland with a gentle topography, deep ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 55-60 cm, paving a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2-3 cm at the bottom of the deep ploughing, and then digging a planting ditch to prepare for planting; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of biogas residues, 8-10 parts of phosmet, 6-10 parts of potassium permanganate, 20-25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 40-50 parts of water; the biogas residues comprise cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, straws, deciduous weeds and organic waste residues;
(2) cutting the sugarcane seed stems into double-bud segments, putting the stem segments with the buds into an insecticide solution diluted by 300-500 times, soaking for 25-30 s, and taking out to obtain the sugarcane seed stems for later use; soaking the starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles in the pesticide solution after the sugarcane seed stems are treated for 40-60 min to absorb the pesticide solution;
the pesticide consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of toad venom, 8-15 parts of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of selfheal, 7-12 parts of rhododendron molle, 2-5 parts of aconitum fischeri peichb, 1-5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 3-6 parts of gelsemium elegans and 1-3 parts of black carp gall;
(3) putting sugarcane seed stems into a planting ditch, uniformly burying starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles fully absorbing insecticidal solution in the planting ditch, and covering soil and a base fertilizer according to the proportion of (12-15): 1, spraying sufficient root fixing water on the mixed mixture in a mass ratio, and paving a mulching film on the ground within the range of 20-30 cm around the planting hole to prevent moisture evaporation;
the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing organic farmyard manure and green manure obtained after planting according to the mass ratio of (20-30) to (10-15);
the organic farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of vinegar residue, 5-10 parts of straw residue, 1-2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue and 0.1-0.2 part of trace elements;
the green manure is one or any combination of astragalus sinicus, rutabaga, desmodium and plantain;
(4) after seedling emergence, hilling and weeding are carried out according to the field management of conventional planting, drip irrigation type irrigation and fertilization are adopted, and the soil moisture conditions maintained in different planting periods are as follows: the humidity of the soil is kept between 55 and 70 percent in the seedling stage, between 60 and 75 percent in the tillering stage, between 75 and 80 percent in the elongation stage and between 50 and 60 percent in the maturation stage.
As a further improvement of the invention, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
drying the fermented biogas residues in the sun, and crushing the biogas residues into particles; and then adding phosmet, potassium permanganate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and water, mixing, fully stirring, drying at the drying temperature of 90-100 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, and making into granules by a granulator after drying.
As a further improvement of the invention, the preparation method of the pesticide solution is as follows:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively cleaning and drying the toad venom, the honeysuckle, the selfheal, the Chinese azalea flower, the aconitum fischeri peichb, the tripterygium wilfordii and the gelsemium elegans in parts by weight, then putting the cleaned and dried components and the crushed components into a crusher for crushing, respectively carrying out low-temperature supercritical extraction on the components and the black carp gall in parts by weight by using carbon dioxide, respectively filtering and concentrating the extracted products to obtain extracts of the components, fully mixing the extracts of the components, and then carrying out sterilization to obtain the pesticide solution.
As a further improvement of the method, in the step (4), the fertilizer application is macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the fertilizer is diluted by 450-500 times in a tillering stage and then applied for 2 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 2.5-3 kg/mu each time; the fertilizer is diluted by 300-350 times in the elongation period and then applied for 8-10 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 4.5-5 kg/mu each time.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. when the sugarcane is fertilized, the fertilizer is delivered to the root of the sugarcane through the irrigation pipeline and the drip irrigation pipeline, the fertilizer application efficiency is high, the centralized fertilizer application is realized, the time and the trouble are saved, and compared with the conventional sugarcane cultivation and production management mode, the sugarcane cultivation and management method can realize the purposes of saving water and labor, reducing the production cost and improving the competitiveness of the sugarcane industry.
2. The sugarcane seed stems are treated by the pesticide solution prepared from traditional Chinese medicines, and then soaked in the pesticide solution by using the starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles, so that the particles absorb the pesticide solution, the starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles have high-efficiency water absorption and water retention and are uniformly buried at the depth close to the planting depth of the sugarcane seed stems, and the adsorbed pesticide can be slowly released into soil to kill pests and ova in the soil, so that a good pesticide effect is achieved; in addition, the starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles are easy to biodegrade, do not pollute the environment, can also become a fertilizer for soil after being degraded, and release all insecticidal solution when being completely degraded, thereby killing pests in the soil and preventing the pests from invading sugarcane plants.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcane comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a farmland with a gentle topography, deep ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 55cm, paving a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2cm at the bottom of the deep ploughed land, and then digging a planting ditch to prepare for planting; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of biogas residues, 8 parts of phosmet, 6 parts of potassium permanganate, 20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 40 parts of water; the biogas residues comprise cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, straws, deciduous weeds and organic waste residues;
(2) cutting the sugarcane seed stems into double-bud segments, putting the stem segments with the buds into an insecticide solution diluted by 300-500 times for soaking for 25s, and taking out to obtain the sugarcane seed stems for later use; the pesticide consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of toad venom, 8 parts of honeysuckle, 5 parts of selfheal, 7 parts of rhododendron molle, 2 parts of manyflower aconite root, 1 part of tripterygium wilfordii, 3 parts of gelsemium elegans and 1 part of black carp gall;
(3) placing the seed stems of the sugarcane into a planting ditch, and then covering soil and a base fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 12: 1, spraying sufficient root fixing water on the mixed mixture in a mass ratio, and paving a mulching film on the ground within the range of 20-30 cm around the planting hole to prevent moisture evaporation;
the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing organic farmyard manure and green manure obtained after planting according to the mass ratio of 20: 15;
the organic farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of vinegar residue, 5 parts of straw residue, 1 part of traditional Chinese medicine residue and 0.1 part of trace elements;
the green manure is one or any combination of astragalus sinicus, rutabaga, desmodium and plantain;
(4) after seedling emergence, hilling and weeding are carried out according to the field management of conventional planting, drip irrigation type irrigation and fertilization are adopted, and the soil moisture conditions maintained in different planting periods are as follows: the soil humidity is kept 55% in the seedling stage, 60% in the tillering stage, 75% in the elongation stage and 50% in the maturation stage;
the fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and is diluted by 450 times in the tillering stage and applied for 2 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 2.5 kg/mu each time; the fertilizer is diluted by 300 times in the elongation period and applied for 8 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 4.5 kg/mu each time.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
drying the fermented biogas residues in the sun, and crushing the biogas residues into particles; then adding phosmet, potassium permanganate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and water, mixing, fully stirring, drying at 90 ℃ for 0.5h, and granulating by a granulator after drying.
The preparation method of the pesticide solution comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively cleaning and drying the toad venom, the honeysuckle, the selfheal, the Chinese azalea flower, the aconitum fischeri peichb, the tripterygium wilfordii and the gelsemium elegans in parts by weight, then putting the cleaned and dried components and the crushed components into a crusher for crushing, respectively carrying out low-temperature supercritical extraction on the components and the black carp gall in parts by weight by using carbon dioxide, respectively filtering and concentrating the extracted products to obtain extracts of the components, fully mixing the extracts of the components, and then carrying out sterilization to obtain the pesticide solution.
Example 2
A water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcane comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a farmland with a gentle topography, deep ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 60cm, paving a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom of the deep ploughing, and then digging a planting ditch to prepare for planting; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biogas residues, 10 parts of phosmet, 10 parts of potassium permanganate, 25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 50 parts of water; the biogas residues comprise cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, straws, deciduous weeds and organic waste residues;
(2) cutting the sugarcane seed stems into double-bud segments, soaking the stem segments with buds in 500-fold diluted pesticide solution for 30s, and taking out to obtain the sugarcane seed stems for later use; the pesticide consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of toad venom, 15 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of selfheal, 12 parts of Chinese azalea flower, 5 parts of manyflower aconite root, 5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 6 parts of gelsemium elegans and 3 parts of black carp gall;
(3) placing sugarcane seed stems into a planting ditch, then covering a mixture of soil and a base fertilizer in a mass ratio of 15:1, sufficiently pouring root fixing water, and then paving a mulching film on the ground within a range of 20-30 cm around planting holes to prevent moisture from evaporating;
the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing organic farmyard manure and green manure obtained after planting according to the mass ratio of 30: 10;
the organic farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of vinegar residue, 10 parts of straw residue, 2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue and 0.2 part of trace elements;
the green manure is one or any combination of astragalus sinicus, rutabaga, desmodium and plantain;
(4) after seedling emergence, hilling and weeding are carried out according to the field management of conventional planting, drip irrigation type irrigation and fertilization are adopted, and the soil moisture conditions maintained in different planting periods are as follows: the soil humidity is kept at 70% in the seedling stage, 75% in the tillering stage, 80% in the elongation stage and 60% in the maturation stage;
the fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and is diluted by 500 times in the tillering stage and applied for 2 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 3 kg/mu each time; the fertilizer is diluted by 350 times in the elongation period and then applied for 10 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 5 kg/mu each time.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
drying the fermented biogas residues in the sun, and crushing the biogas residues into particles; and then adding phosmet, potassium permanganate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and water, mixing, fully stirring, drying at the drying temperature of 90-100 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, and making into granules by a granulator after drying.
The preparation method of the pesticide solution comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively cleaning and drying the toad venom, the honeysuckle, the selfheal, the Chinese azalea flower, the aconitum fischeri peichb, the tripterygium wilfordii and the gelsemium elegans in parts by weight, then putting the cleaned and dried components and the crushed components into a crusher for crushing, respectively carrying out low-temperature supercritical extraction on the components and the black carp gall in parts by weight by using carbon dioxide, respectively filtering and concentrating the extracted products to obtain extracts of the components, fully mixing the extracts of the components, and then carrying out sterilization to obtain the pesticide solution.
Example 3
A water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for sugarcane comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a farmland with a gentle topography, deep ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 58cm, paving a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom of the deep ploughed land, and then digging a planting ditch to prepare for planting; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of biogas residues, 9 parts of phosmet, 8 parts of potassium permanganate, 22 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 13 parts of potassium chloride, 12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 45 parts of water; the biogas residues comprise cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, straws, deciduous weeds and organic waste residues;
(2) cutting the sugarcane seed stems into double-bud segments, putting the stem segments with the buds into an insecticide solution diluted by 300-500 times for soaking for 28s, and taking out to obtain the sugarcane seed stems for later use; the pesticide consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of toad venom, 10 parts of honeysuckle, 8 parts of selfheal, 8 parts of rhododendron molle, 3 parts of Korean monkshood root, 4 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 5 parts of gelsemium elegans and 2 parts of black carp gall;
(3) placing the seed stems of the sugarcane into a planting ditch, and then covering soil and a base fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 14: 1, spraying sufficient root fixing water on the mixed mixture in a mass ratio, and paving a mulching film on the ground within the range of 20-30 cm around the planting hole to prevent moisture evaporation;
the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing organic farmyard manure and green manure obtained after planting according to the mass ratio of 25: 12;
the organic farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of vinegar residue, 8 parts of straw residue, 1 part of traditional Chinese medicine residue and 0.15 part of trace elements;
the green manure is one or any combination of astragalus sinicus, rutabaga, desmodium and plantain;
(4) after seedling emergence, hilling and weeding are carried out according to the field management of conventional planting, drip irrigation type irrigation and fertilization are adopted, and the soil moisture conditions maintained in different planting periods are as follows: the soil humidity is kept between 55 and 70 percent in the seedling stage, between 60 and 75 percent in the tillering stage, between 75 and 80 percent in the elongation stage and between 50 and 60 percent in the maturation stage;
the fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and is diluted by 450-500 times in a tillering stage and applied for 2 times, wherein the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 2.5-3 kg/mu each time; the fertilizer is diluted by 300-350 times in the elongation period and then applied for 8-10 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 4.5-5 kg/mu each time.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
drying the fermented biogas residues in the sun, and crushing the biogas residues into particles; and then adding phosmet, potassium permanganate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and water, mixing, fully stirring, drying at the drying temperature of 90-100 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, and making into granules by a granulator after drying.
The preparation method of the pesticide solution comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively cleaning and drying the toad venom, the honeysuckle, the selfheal, the Chinese azalea flower, the aconitum fischeri peichb, the tripterygium wilfordii and the gelsemium elegans in parts by weight, then putting the cleaned and dried components and the crushed components into a crusher for crushing, respectively carrying out low-temperature supercritical extraction on the components and the black carp gall in parts by weight by using carbon dioxide, respectively filtering and concentrating the extracted products to obtain extracts of the components, fully mixing the extracts of the components, and then carrying out sterilization to obtain the pesticide solution.
Examples of the experiments
The technology of the embodiment 1-3 is adopted for continuous cropping for 3 years, the same sugarcane variety is planted, the morbidity and the yield of stem borers and sawhorses of sugarcane plants are counted, the traditional sugarcane planting technology is adopted as a control group, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the disease incidence of sugarcane plant borers and sawhorses is greatly reduced by the method, the acre yield is improved, the yield and income are increased, the income of farmers is increased, and the method for reducing the plant diseases and insect pests is environment-friendly and does not pollute the environment.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method for the sugarcane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a farmland with a gentle topography, deep ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing is 55-60 cm, paving a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2-3 cm at the bottom of the deep ploughing, and then digging a planting ditch to prepare for planting; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of biogas residues, 8-10 parts of phosmet, 6-10 parts of potassium permanganate, 20-25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 40-50 parts of water; the biogas residues comprise cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung, straws, deciduous weeds and organic waste residues;
(2) cutting the sugarcane seed stems into double-bud segments, putting the stem segments with the buds into an insecticide solution diluted by 300-500 times, soaking for 25-30 s, and taking out to obtain the sugarcane seed stems for later use; soaking the starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles in the pesticide solution after the sugarcane seed stems are treated for 40-60 min to absorb the pesticide solution;
the pesticide consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of toad venom, 8-15 parts of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of selfheal, 7-12 parts of rhododendron molle, 2-5 parts of aconitum fischeri peichb, 1-5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 3-6 parts of gelsemium elegans and 1-3 parts of black carp gall;
(3) putting sugarcane seed stems into a planting ditch, uniformly burying starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer particles fully absorbing insecticidal solution in the planting ditch, and covering soil and a base fertilizer according to the proportion of (12-15): 1, spraying sufficient root fixing water on the mixed mixture in a mass ratio, and paving a mulching film on the ground within the range of 20-30 cm around the planting hole to prevent moisture evaporation;
the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing organic farmyard manure and green manure obtained after planting according to the mass ratio of (20-30) to (10-15);
the organic farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of vinegar residue, 5-10 parts of straw residue, 1-2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue and 0.1-0.2 part of trace elements;
the green manure is one or any combination of astragalus sinicus, rutabaga, desmodium and plantain;
(4) after seedling emergence, hilling and weeding are carried out according to the field management of conventional planting, drip irrigation type irrigation and fertilization are adopted, and the soil moisture conditions maintained in different planting periods are as follows: the humidity of the soil is kept between 55 and 70 percent in the seedling stage, between 60 and 75 percent in the tillering stage, between 75 and 80 percent in the elongation stage and between 50 and 60 percent in the maturation stage.
2. The sugarcane water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
drying the fermented biogas residues in the sun, and crushing the biogas residues into particles; and then adding phosmet, potassium permanganate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and water, mixing, fully stirring, drying at the drying temperature of 90-100 ℃ for 0.5-1 h, and making into granules by a granulator after drying.
3. The sugarcane water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the pesticide solution is as follows:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively cleaning and drying the toad venom, the honeysuckle, the selfheal, the Chinese azalea flower, the aconitum fischeri peichb, the tripterygium wilfordii and the gelsemium elegans in parts by weight, then putting the cleaned and dried components and the crushed components into a crusher for crushing, respectively carrying out low-temperature supercritical extraction on the components and the black carp gall in parts by weight by using carbon dioxide, respectively filtering and concentrating the extracted products to obtain extracts of the components, fully mixing the extracts of the components, and then carrying out sterilization to obtain the pesticide solution.
4. The sugarcane water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and is diluted by 450-500 times in a tillering stage and applied for 2 times, wherein the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 2.5-3 kg/mu each time; the fertilizer is diluted by 300-350 times in the elongation period and then applied for 8-10 times, and the dosage of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 4.5-5 kg/mu each time.
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Application publication date: 20210907 |