CN113331217A - Crop sunscald control agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Crop sunscald control agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113331217A CN113331217A CN202110752343.3A CN202110752343A CN113331217A CN 113331217 A CN113331217 A CN 113331217A CN 202110752343 A CN202110752343 A CN 202110752343A CN 113331217 A CN113331217 A CN 113331217A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/34—Rosaceae [Rose family], e.g. strawberry, hawthorn, plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop sunscald control agent, which comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract; the components are as follows by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium humate, 10-20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract; the acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp. The crop sunscald control agent is mainly obtained by extracting natural green plants, is non-toxic and pollution-free, and is healthy and environment-friendly; and the fruit preservative has good control effect on apple sunscald, improves the fruit quality and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and planting, in particular to a crop sunscald control agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Sunscald is a plant physiological disease which seriously affects the fruit market quality, and in arid and semiarid fruit production areas, the intense solar radiation and high temperature in a long-term growing season can cause the surface temperature of fruits to reach a very high level, so that the sunscald disease of the fruits is caused, the fruit quality is reduced, and the agricultural economic loss is increased. The increasing levels of ultraviolet radiation resulting from the continued depletion of stratospheric ozone, and the increasing global warming from fossil fuel emissions, indicate that extreme weather will occur more frequently in the future. On the other hand, as the demand for high quality fruit consumption increases, the fruit industry becomes more competitive and the overall quality of the fruit becomes more and more important. Fruit color and fruit size determine the fruit grade. Therefore, a technology which can effectively prevent sunscald, improve the yield and the quality of fruits, has minimum negative influence on the physiological processes of fruit tree photosynthesis and the like is found, and has important significance for improving the fruit quality and the high and stable yield of fruit trees in the north.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a crop sunscald control agent, which comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract; the components are as follows by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium humate, 10-20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract; the acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp.
Further, the preparation method of the acer saccharina leaf-pawpaw extract comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and chopping the maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp, adding an ethanol water solution into the chopped parts, soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 3-6 hours, cooling in air to normal temperature after soaking is finished, filtering to obtain filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water, and drying;
(2) preparing a cellulase water solution, keeping the cellulase water solution at a constant temperature of 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the cellulase water solution, soaking for 100-120 min, and stirring the solution in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for more than 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) mixing the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
Further, the mixing mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf to the pawpaw pulp is as follows: 1: 3-7 of pawpaw pulp; the volume fraction of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution is 80-90%, and the balance is water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 5-6.
Further, the mass percentage of the cellulase in the aqueous solution of the cellulase is 0.6-1%, and the balance is water; and adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase is 1: 4-6.
Further, the mixed solution of the filtrate A and the filtrate B is subjected to reduced pressure concentration until the volume of the mixed solution is 1/5-1/4 of the volume of the mixed solution before concentration, and the acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract is obtained.
Further, the sunscald control agent further comprises a brown algae extract, and the preparation method of the brown algae extract comprises the following steps: cleaning brown algae with tap water, drying at 80 +/-5 ℃ for 46-48 h, taking out, air-cooling to normal temperature, and grinding into brown algae powder with a grinder; and mixing the brown algae powder with deionized water to form a mixture, placing the mixture in a closed container, heating to 120 +/-5 ℃, preserving the temperature for 20-30 min, then cooling to the normal temperature in air, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixture, and carrying out pressure-reduced concentration on a liquid phase to obtain the brown algae extract.
Further, the mass ratio of the brown algae powder to the deionized water is as follows: 1: 10-15 of deionized water, and concentrating the liquid phase under reduced pressure to 1/6 of the volume before concentration; in the sunscald prevention and treatment agent, the mass of the brown algae extract is 1/4-1/3 of the mass of the acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract.
The invention also discloses a using method of the sunscald control agent, which comprises the following steps: the water is added into the sunscald control agent according to the weight ratio of the sunscald control agent to the water of 1: 100-200, the water is sprayed once every 10 days from the red period of apple blossom and dew to the apple harvesting every year, and the sprayed water-added sunscald control agent is sprayed to the leaves every time.
Furthermore, the dosage of the sunscald control agent sprayed each time is 22-25 g per plant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the crop sunscald control agent is mainly obtained by extracting natural green plants, is non-toxic and pollution-free, and is healthy and environment-friendly; and the fruit preservative has good control effect on apple sunscald, improves the fruit quality and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and Acer mono Maxim leaf-fructus Chaenomelis extract; the components are as follows by weight: 3 parts of sodium humate, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol (PEG-200 is selected as the polyethylene glycol used in each embodiment of the invention), and 60 parts of acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract.
The acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf: mixing and chopping the acer palmatum leaves and the pawpaw pulp according to the proportion of 1:3, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the chopped parts, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% of ethanol by volume and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 5. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 3h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase water solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase water solution is 0.6 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 6; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
Example 2
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and Acer mono Maxim leaf-fructus Chaenomelis extract; the components are as follows by weight: 5 parts of sodium humate, 13 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract.
The acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf: mixing and chopping the acer palmatum leaves and the pawpaw pulp according to the proportion of 1:4, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the chopped parts, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% of ethanol by volume and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 5. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 3h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 0.8 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 5; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
Example 3
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and Acer mono Maxim leaf-fructus Chaenomelis extract; the components are as follows by weight: 7 parts of sodium humate, 16 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract.
The acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf: mixing and chopping the acer palmatum leaves and the pawpaw pulp according to the proportion of 1:6, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the chopped parts, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% of ethanol by volume and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 6. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 4h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 0.8 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 5; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
Example 4
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and Acer mono Maxim leaf-fructus Chaenomelis extract; the components are as follows by weight: 8 parts of sodium humate, 20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of acer sugar leaf-pawpaw extract.
The acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf: mixing and chopping the acer palmatum leaves and the pawpaw pulp according to the proportion of 1:7, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the chopped parts, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% of ethanol by volume and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 6. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 4h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 1%, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 6; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
Example 5
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol, maple leaf-fructus Chaenomelis extract and brown algae extract; the components are as follows by weight: 7 parts of sodium humate, 16 parts of polyethylene glycol, 60 parts of acer sugar leaf-pawpaw extract and 15 parts of brown algae extract.
The acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf: mixing and chopping the acer palmatum leaves and the pawpaw pulp according to the proportion of 1:6, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the chopped parts, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% of ethanol by volume and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 6. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 4h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 0.8 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 5; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
The preparation method of the brown algae extract comprises the following steps: cleaning brown algae with tap water, drying at 80 + -5 deg.C for 46h, taking out, air cooling to room temperature, and grinding with grinder to obtain brown algae powder; and mixing the brown algae powder with deionized water to form a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the brown algae powder to the deionized water is as follows: and (3) putting the mixture into a closed container, heating to 120 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 20min, then cooling to normal temperature in air, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixture, and concentrating the liquid phase under reduced pressure to 1/6 of the volume before concentration to obtain the brown algae extract.
Example 6
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol, maple leaf-fructus Chaenomelis extract and brown algae extract; the components are as follows by weight: 7 parts of sodium humate, 16 parts of polyethylene glycol, 60 parts of acer sugar leaf-pawpaw extract and 20 parts of brown algae extract.
The acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the mass ratio of the acer saccharum leaf: mixing and chopping the acer palmatum leaves and the pawpaw pulp according to the proportion of 1:6, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the chopped parts, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% of ethanol by volume and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 6. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 4h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 0.8 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 5; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
The preparation method of the brown algae extract comprises the following steps: cleaning brown algae with tap water, drying at 80 + -5 deg.C for 46h, taking out, air cooling to room temperature, and grinding with grinder to obtain brown algae powder; and mixing the brown algae powder with deionized water to form a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the brown algae powder to the deionized water is as follows: and (3) putting the mixture into a closed container, heating to 120 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, then cooling to normal temperature in air, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixture, and concentrating the liquid phase under reduced pressure to 1/6 of the volume before concentration to obtain the brown algae extract.
Example 7
A control agent comprising sodium humate and polyethylene glycol; the components are as follows by weight: 7 parts of sodium humate and 16 parts of polyethylene glycol.
Example 8
A control agent comprising sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and acer mono leaf extract; the components are as follows by weight: 7 parts of sodium humate, 16 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of maple sugar leaf extract.
The preparation method of the acer saccharum leaf extract comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the acer mono leaves, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the cut pieces, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% by volume of ethanol and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the sugar maple leaf broken blocks added into the ethanol water solution is 1: 6. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 4h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 0.8 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 5; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer saccharum leaf extract.
Example 9
A crop sunscald preventing and treating agent comprises sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and fructus Chaenomelis extract; the components are as follows by weight: 7 parts of sodium humate, 16 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of pawpaw extract.
The preparation method of the pawpaw extract comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting papaya flesh, adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the cut pieces, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution contains 90% by volume of ethanol and the balance of water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the ethanol aqueous solution to the papaya flesh diced pieces is 1: 6. Soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 4h, air-cooling to normal temperature after soaking, filtering to obtain a filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 80 +/-5 ℃;
(2) preparing a cellulase aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of cellulase in the cellulase aqueous solution is 0.8 percent, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the aqueous solution of the cellulase at 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase in the filter residue is 1: 5; soaking for 100min, and stirring the solution at a speed of 60r/min in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) combining the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating the mixture to 1/5 of the volume before concentration by adopting a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to obtain the pawpaw extract.
Example 10
Selecting 40 Shaanxi apple trees with the same tree age (7-year tree age) and similar sizes as research objects in the same plantation area, and averagely dividing the 40 apple trees into 10 groups of 4 trees. The sunscald control agents or the control agents obtained in the above examples 1 to 9 are respectively sprayed on one group of apple trees, each group is limited to be sprayed with one sunscald control agent or one control agent, the rest groups are sprayed with clear water as control groups, and the application methods are as follows:
adding water into the sunscald control agent (or the control agent or the clear water) according to the weight ratio of the sunscald control agent (or the control agent) to the water of 1:150 to prepare a spraying agent, spraying the spraying agent once every 10 days from the red period of apple blossom to apple harvesting, and spraying the watered sunscald control agent to the leaves every time. The dosage of the sunscald control agent (or the control agent) sprayed each time is 22 g/plant (namely the dosage of the sunscald control agent or the active component of the control agent in the sprayed agent is 22 g/plant), and the dosage of the control group sprayed each time is 3320 g/plant. Other fertilization and management modes are the same for each group in a conventional manner. After the apples are ripe, the incidence rate of the sunscald disease is respectively counted for each fruit tree in each group of apple trees, wherein the incidence rate is the number of diseased fruits/harvested fruits multiplied by 100 percent, the incidence rate of each fruit tree is respectively calculated for the same group of apple trees, the average value is then taken, the control effect of the sunscald disease control agent obtained in the corresponding embodiment is represented, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Test group | Average incidence of sunscald |
| Clear water control group | 21.3％±2.8％ |
| Example 1 | 9.6％±1.2％ |
| Example 2 | 8.9％±1.3％ |
| Example 3 | 9.0％±0.9％ |
| Example 4 | 9.4％±1.6％ |
| Example 5 | 6.9％±1.1％ |
| Example 6 | 6.5％±1.3％ |
| Example 7 | 19.7％±2.0％ |
| Example 8 | 14.4±1.8％ |
| Example 9 | 15.8±1.6％ |
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control group with clear water, the application of the control agent of the invention has obvious control effect on the sunscald of the apples, and macroscopically shows that the incidence of apple fruits is obviously reduced.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and for those skilled in the art, the ideas according to the embodiments of the present invention may be changed in the specific implementation manners and the application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A crop sunscald control agent is characterized by comprising sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract; the components are as follows by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium humate, 10-20 parts of polyethylene glycol and 60 parts of acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract; the acer saccharum leaf-pawpaw extract is a compound extract of acer saccharum leaf and pawpaw pulp.
2. The agent for controlling sunscald of crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein said acer mono leaf-papaya extract is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing and chopping the maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp, adding an ethanol water solution into the chopped parts, soaking in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 +/-5 ℃ for 3-6 hours, cooling in air to normal temperature after soaking is finished, filtering to obtain filtrate A and filter residues, washing the filter residues with deionized water, and drying;
(2) preparing a cellulase water solution, keeping the cellulase water solution at a constant temperature of 55 +/-5 ℃, then adding the filter residue into the cellulase water solution, soaking for 100-120 min, and stirring the solution in the soaking process; stopping stirring after soaking, heating the solution to 90 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat, extracting for more than 3 hours, then cooling in air to normal temperature, and filtering to obtain filtrate B;
(3) mixing the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and concentrating under reduced pressure by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the acer sacchari leaf-pawpaw extract.
3. The agent for preventing and treating sunscald of crops as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the maple leaves and the pawpaw flesh to the maple leaves is: 1: 3-7 of pawpaw pulp; the volume fraction of the ethanol in the ethanol water solution is 80-90%, and the balance is water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixture of the sugar maple leaves and the pawpaw pulp to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1: 5-6.
4. The crop sunscald control agent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cellulase in the aqueous solution of cellulase accounts for 0.6-1% by mass, and the balance is water; and adding the filter residue into the aqueous solution of the cellulase, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the filter residue to the aqueous solution of the cellulase is 1: 4-6.
5. The crop sunscald control agent as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mixed solution of the filtrate A and the filtrate B is concentrated under reduced pressure to 1/5-1/4 of the volume before concentration to obtain the acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract.
6. The crop sunscald control agent as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a brown algae extract prepared by a method comprising: cleaning brown algae with tap water, drying at 80 +/-5 ℃ for 46-48 h, taking out, air-cooling to normal temperature, and grinding into brown algae powder with a grinder; and mixing the brown algae powder with deionized water to form a mixture, placing the mixture in a closed container, heating to 120 +/-5 ℃, preserving the temperature for 20-30 min, then cooling to the normal temperature in air, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixture, and carrying out pressure-reduced concentration on a liquid phase to obtain the brown algae extract.
7. The crop sunscald control agent as claimed in claim 6, wherein the brown algae powder is mixed with deionized water in a mass ratio of brown algae powder: 1: 10-15 of deionized water, and concentrating the liquid phase under reduced pressure to 1/6 of the volume before concentration; in the sunscald prevention and treatment agent, the mass of the brown algae extract is 1/4-1/3 of the mass of the acer mono leaf-pawpaw extract.
8. The use method of the sunscald control agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sunscald control agent is mixed with water at a weight ratio of the sunscald control agent to water of 1:100 to 200, the mixture is sprayed once every 10 days from the bloom red stage of the apples to the harvest of the apples, and the sprayed sunscald control agent after mixing with water is sprayed to the leaves each time.
9. The use method of the crop sunscald control agent as claimed in claim 8, wherein the usage amount of the sunscald control agent per spraying is 22-25 g/plant.
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