CN110463529B - Single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization method - Google Patents
Single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110463529B CN110463529B CN201910817515.3A CN201910817515A CN110463529B CN 110463529 B CN110463529 B CN 110463529B CN 201910817515 A CN201910817515 A CN 201910817515A CN 110463529 B CN110463529 B CN 110463529B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, in particular to a single-column type dragon fruit aerial root fertilization method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days during the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year of planting; spraying the nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 months from the bottom of 4 months to the bottom of 10 months in the next year; the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of urea; the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3% of borax, 0.6-0.8% of zinc fertilizer and 0.6-0.8% of molybdenum fertilizer, and by cultivating aerial roots on the dragon fruit branches and spraying nutrient solution, the aerial roots of the dragon fruit fully absorb nutrients, so that the dragon fruit branches are robust, and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, in particular to a method for single-column type dragon fruit aerial rooting fertilization.
Background
The dragon fruit is originally produced in the rainforest region of the central America such as Mexico and the like, and mainly produced in the central America and Vietnam. The dragon fruit has large fruits, bright red peel, white or red pulp, fine and smooth meat, sweet but not greasy taste, medicinal value and health care function, and researches show that the vitamin C and the anthocyanin in the dragon fruit have the functions of resisting aging and reducing the incidence rate of heart diseases and cancers; fruits, flowers and stems of the pitaya contain rich high-quality vegetable protein, and the pitaya has an obvious detoxification function on heavy metal pollution in a human body; the medical experts also find that the pitaya has the health-care effects of reducing blood fat, blood sugar and blood pressure, preventing arteriosclerosis and the like; in addition, the rich water-soluble dietary fiber in the pitaya also has the effect of relaxing bowel. The flowers of the pitaya not only have high ornamental value, but also are a good food therapy product for clearing heat and removing toxicity.
The dragon fruit belongs to the family of cactaceae and belongs to the genus trigonella, and has no strong and tough upright main stems, wherein the main stems are fleshy stems with weak xylem, so main branches of the dragon fruit need to be attached above a support frame for normal growth, and at present, the support types adopted in production are mainly single-column type and A-type row frame type; the single-column type planting of the dragon fruits has the advantages of independent cultivation, no need of considering the planting direction and the terrain, good ventilation and light transmittance, and slow spread of plant diseases and insect pests, for example, CN201420331276.3 and CN201420331555.X both disclose single-column type cultivation shelves, but have the defects of heavy mass of cement columns, higher labor cost for building gardens and lower yield; the A-type row-frame type planting method for pitaya has the advantages that garden building cost is low, fruiting areas of branches are wide, unit area yield is high, for example, CN201510348540.3 discloses a row-type planting frame, but the A-type row-frame type planting method has the defects that cultivation density is high, ventilation performance is poor, prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is not facilitated, growth quantity of the branches is not easy to control, summer and autumn pruning needs to be frequently performed, and manual labor output is increased.
In addition, the culture of the air injection rooting is not closed in the prior art, although CN201610203263.1 discloses a method for guiding the aerial root of the dragon fruit as the main root and CN201610055311.7 discloses a method for artificially inducing the germination of the new aerial root of the dragon fruit, the treatment operation is complicated, and a large amount of disinfectant liquid is used to cause toxic components to remain.
The invention provides a set of management method for single-column type dragon fruit aerial roots in order to effectively guide the space directional growth of the stem and tendrils of the dragon fruit, coordinate the contradiction between the group growth and the individual growth, simplify the field management operation and realize the cultivation target of high quality and high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization for solving the technical problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for fertilizing aerial roots of single-column type pitaya is characterized in that during the period from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year of planting, nutrient solution A is sprayed to the aerial roots every 10 days; and spraying the nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days during the period from 4 months to 10 months in the next year.
The nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of urea and the balance of water.
The nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of zinc fertilizer, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of molybdenum fertilizer and the balance of water.
A method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an area with an altitude of below 600m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ at 1 month and a gradient of less than 15 ℃, and planting the dragon fruits in a single column manner at a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3 m;
(2) selecting 1-2-year-old, robust and disease-and-insect-free pitaya branches, wherein the length of each pitaya branch is 60-80cm, the pitaya branches are directly inserted around a cement pile in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and are within 3cm of the cement pile, one surface of each pitaya branch is tightly attached to the cement pile, the pitaya branches are bound on the cement pile by cloth strips, and aerial roots can grow on the contact surfaces of the pitaya branches and the cement pile from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(3) spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days during the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year, wherein the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of urea; and spraying a nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days during the period from 4 months to 10 months in the next year, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of zinc fertilizer and 0.6 to 0.8 percent of molybdenum fertilizer.
The cutting density is 440-450 plants/mu, preferably 444 plants/mu.
The cloth strip is formed by sequentially processing rice washing water and plant extract.
The plant extracting solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-0.6% of herba agrimoniae extract, 1.3-2.1% of litsea pungens extract, 3.2-3.6% of moringa oleifera leaf extract, 0.7-1.5% of scindapsus aureus extract and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh common seepweed herb, pungent litse fruit, moringa leaves and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 0-4 ℃, 6-10 ℃, 0-4 ℃, minus 1-minus 5 ℃ and minus 8-minus 15 ℃ for 25-30 min, and taking out; then placing the glasswort and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 1-2 hours at 45-60 ℃, heating to 65-75 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica for heat preservation treatment for 0.8-1.2 hours, and finally heating to 82-100 ℃, adding the moringa leaves for heat preservation treatment for 0.5-0.8 hours.
The rice washing water is prepared by mixing glutinous rice washing water and polished round-grained rice washing water according to the weight ratio of 1: (3-5) by mass ratio.
The glutinous rice cleaning water is used for cleaning glutinous rice for 1-2 times, and the water consumption is 2-3 times of the mass of the glutinous rice each time.
The cleaning water for the polished round-grained rice is used for cleaning the polished round-grained rice for 2-3 times, and the water consumption is 1.8-2.5 times of the mass of the polished round-grained rice each time.
The method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 50 deg.C or higher, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, treating in constant-intensity magnetic field for 10-20s, and naturally standing for 10-15 min.
The condition of the constant-intensity magnetic field is 1-4T.
The dosage of the nutrient solution A is 3.5-4L/mu.
The dosage of the nutrient solution B is 3.2-3.8L/mu.
The aerial root is an indefinite root which is generated on a plant stem, grows above the ground and is exposed in the air, generally has a structure without a root cap and a root hair, can absorb gas or support the plant body to grow upwards, and has the function of keeping moisture.
Has the advantages that:
the aerial roots on the dragon fruit branches are cultured, and the nutrient solution is sprayed to ensure that the aerial roots of the dragon fruit fully absorb nutrients, so that the dragon fruit branches are robust, the yield is increased, and the aim of improving the economic benefit is fulfilled; specifically, the yield of the dragon fruits per mu is increased by 500kg, and the yield per mu can be increased by 3000 yuan according to 6 yuan/kg.
According to the invention, through reasonable design of the nutrient solution, the content of soluble solid matters, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the like in the pitaya fruit is improved, and meanwhile, the freezing resistance and the immunity of the pitaya are also improved, so that the yield is improved.
According to the invention, the cloth strips are treated to have insect and virus prevention effects and light absorption and adsorption properties, the effect of disinfecting the dragon fruit branches is achieved by absorbing sunlight, insect pest invasion is effectively prevented by using the virus prevention components in the extract, the toxic components are left on the cloth strips by adjusting the structure of the extract and the viscous substance, the absorption of the dragon fruit branches is prevented, and further toxic residue is avoided, the left matters on the cloth strips can help the branches to absorb oxygen in the air, the respiratory effect of aerial roots is ensured, the cloth strips also have water absorption and moisture retention effects, and the absorption capacity of the aerial roots is improved.
According to the invention, the plant extract is subjected to multi-level freezing treatment, so that the wall breaking rate is ensured, the dissolution of effective components is facilitated, multi-level heating treatment is performed, toxic and side components are eliminated, branches are ensured to be in a healthy growth environment, root promoting components are extracted, the root development state is adjusted, and the situation that the roots are rotten due to the nutritional process is avoided.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an area with an altitude of below 600m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ at 1 month and a gradient of less than 15 ℃, and planting the dragon fruits in a single column manner at a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3 m;
(2) selecting 1-2-year-old, robust and disease-and-insect-free pitaya branches, wherein the length of each pitaya branch is 60-80cm, the pitaya branches are directly inserted around a cement pile in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and are within 3cm of the cement pile, one surface of each pitaya branch is tightly attached to the cement pile, the pitaya branches are bound on the cement pile by cloth strips, and aerial roots can grow on the contact surfaces of the pitaya branches and the cement pile from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(3) during the period from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year, spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days at the dosage of 4L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, borax 0.3%, urea 0.4%, and water in balance; during the period from 4 months to 10 months of the next year, spraying the nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days according to the dosage of 3.8L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3 percent of borax, 0.8 percent of zinc fertilizer, 0.8 percent of molybdenum fertilizer and the balance of water;
the cutting density is 450 plants/mu;
the cloth strips are sequentially treated by rice washing water and plant extract;
the plant extracting solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6 percent of common seepweed herb extract, 2.1 percent of litsea pungens extract, 3.6 percent of moringa oleifera leaf extract, 1.5 percent of scindapsus aureus extract and the balance of water;
the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh common seepweed herb, pungent litse fruit, moringa leaves and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 0-4 ℃, 6-10 ℃, 0-4 ℃, minus 1-minus 5 ℃ and minus 8-minus 15 ℃ for 30min, and taking out; then placing the glasswort and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 2h at 60 ℃, heating to 75 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica, preserving heat for 1.2h, finally heating to 100 ℃, and adding the moringa leaves, preserving heat for 0.8 h;
the rice washing water is prepared by mixing glutinous rice washing water and polished round-grained rice washing water according to the weight ratio of 1: 5 in a mass ratio;
the glutinous rice cleaning water is used for cleaning glutinous rice for 2 times, and the water consumption is 3 times of the mass of the glutinous rice each time;
the japonica rice cleaning water is used for cleaning japonica rice for 3 times, and the water consumption is 2.5 times of the mass of the japonica rice each time;
the method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 80 deg.C, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 15min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, treating in 4T constant intensity magnetic field for 20s, and naturally standing for 15 min.
Example 2
A method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an area with an altitude of below 600m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ at 1 month and a gradient of less than 15 ℃, and planting the dragon fruits in a single column manner at a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3 m;
(2) selecting 1-2-year-old, robust and disease-and-insect-free pitaya branches, wherein the length of each pitaya branch is 60-80cm, the pitaya branches are directly inserted around a cement pile in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and are within 3cm of the cement pile, one surface of each pitaya branch is tightly attached to the cement pile, the pitaya branches are bound on the cement pile by cloth strips, and aerial roots can grow on the contact surfaces of the pitaya branches and the cement pile from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(3) during the period from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year, spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days at the dosage of 3.5L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, borax 0.1%, urea 0.2%; during the period from 4 months to 10 months of the next year, spraying the nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days according to the dosage of 3.2L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 percent of borax, 0.6 percent of zinc fertilizer and 0.6 percent of molybdenum fertilizer;
the cutting density is 440 plants/mu;
the cloth strips are sequentially treated by rice washing water and plant extract;
the plant extracting solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1% of the glasswort extract, 1.3% of the litsea pungens extract, 3.2% of the moringa oleifera leaf extract, 0.7% of the scindapsus aureus extract and the balance of water;
the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh herba Gerberae Piloselloidis, rhizoma Drynariae, Moringa oleifera leaf, and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 0 deg.C, 6 deg.C, 0 deg.C, -1 deg.C, and-8 deg.C for 25min respectively, and taking out; then placing the glasswort herb and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 1h at 45 ℃, heating to 65 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica, preserving heat for 0.8h, finally heating to 82 ℃, and adding the moringa leaves, preserving heat for 0.5 h;
the rice washing water is prepared by mixing glutinous rice washing water and polished round-grained rice washing water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3 in a mass ratio;
the glutinous rice cleaning water is used for cleaning glutinous rice for 1 time, and the water consumption is 2 times of the mass of the glutinous rice each time;
the polished round-grained rice cleaning water is used for cleaning polished round-grained rice for 2 times, and the water consumption is 1.8 times of the mass of the polished round-grained rice each time;
the method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 50 deg.C, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 10min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, treating in a constant-intensity magnetic field with magnetic field strength of 1T for 10s, and naturally standing for 10 min.
Example 3
A method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an area with an altitude of below 600m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ at 1 month and a gradient of less than 15 ℃, and planting the dragon fruits in a single column manner at a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3 m;
(2) selecting 1-2-year-old, robust and disease-and-insect-free pitaya branches, wherein the length of each pitaya branch is 60-80cm, the pitaya branches are directly inserted around a cement pile in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and are within 3cm of the cement pile, one surface of each pitaya branch is tightly attached to the cement pile, the pitaya branches are bound on the cement pile by cloth strips, and aerial roots can grow on the contact surfaces of the pitaya branches and the cement pile from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(3) during the period from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year, spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days at the dosage of 3.8L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, borax 0.2%, urea 0.3%; during the period from 4 months to 10 months of the next year, spraying the nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days according to the dosage of 3.5L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 percent of borax, 0.7 percent of zinc fertilizer and 0.7 percent of molybdenum fertilizer;
the cutting density is 444 plants/mu;
the cloth strips are sequentially treated by rice washing water and plant extract;
the plant extracting solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.4% of the glasswort extract, 1.7% of the litsea pungens extract, 3.4% of the moringa oleifera leaf extract, 1.1% of the scindapsus aureus extract and the balance of water;
the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh herba Gerberae Piloselloidis, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Moringa oleifera leaf, and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 2 deg.C, 8 deg.C, 2 deg.C, 3 deg.C, and 12 deg.C for 25min respectively, and taking out; then placing the glasswort and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 1.5h at 50 ℃, heating to 70 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 90 ℃, and adding the moringa leaves, preserving heat for 0.5 h;
the rice washing water is prepared by mixing glutinous rice washing water and polished round-grained rice washing water according to the weight ratio of 1: 4, mixing the components in a mass ratio;
the glutinous rice cleaning water is used for cleaning glutinous rice for 1 time, and the water consumption is 2.5 times of the mass of the glutinous rice each time;
the polished round-grained rice cleaning water is used for cleaning polished round-grained rice for 2 times, and the water consumption is 2 times of the polished round-grained rice in each time;
the method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 65 deg.C, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 12min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, treating in 3T constant intensity magnetic field for 15s, and naturally standing for 12 min.
Example 4
A method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an area with an altitude of below 600m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ at 1 month and a gradient of less than 15 ℃, and planting the dragon fruits in a single column manner at a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3 m;
(2) selecting 1-2-year-old, robust and disease-and-insect-free pitaya branches, wherein the length of each pitaya branch is 60-80cm, the pitaya branches are directly inserted around a cement pile in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and are within 3cm of the cement pile, one surface of each pitaya branch is tightly attached to the cement pile, the pitaya branches are bound on the cement pile by cloth strips, and aerial roots can grow on the contact surfaces of the pitaya branches and the cement pile from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(3) during the period from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year, spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days at the dosage of 3.8L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, borax 0.3%, urea 0.4%; during the period from 4 months to 10 months of the next year, spraying the nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days according to the dosage of 3.5L/mu, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 percent of borax, 0.6 percent of zinc fertilizer and 0.8 percent of molybdenum fertilizer;
the cutting density is 444 plants/mu;
the cloth strips are sequentially treated by rice washing water and plant extract;
the plant extracting solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6 percent of common seepweed herb extract, 1.3 percent of litsea pungens extract, 3.2 percent of moringa oleifera leaf extract, 1.5 percent of scindapsus aureus extract and the balance of water;
the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh herba Gerberae Piloselloidis, rhizoma Drynariae, Moringa oleifera leaf, and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 4 deg.C, 6 deg.C, 0 deg.C, 5 deg.C, and 15 deg.C for 25min respectively, and taking out; then placing the glasswort herb and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 1h at 60 ℃, heating to 65 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica, preserving heat for 0.8h, finally heating to 100 ℃, and adding the moringa leaves, preserving heat for 0.8 h;
the rice washing water is prepared by mixing glutinous rice washing water and polished round-grained rice washing water according to the weight ratio of 1: 4, mixing the components in a mass ratio;
the glutinous rice cleaning water is used for cleaning glutinous rice for 1 time, and the water consumption is 2.5 times of the mass of the glutinous rice each time;
the polished round-grained rice cleaning water is used for cleaning polished round-grained rice for 2 times, and the water consumption is 2 times of the polished round-grained rice in each time;
the method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 65 deg.C, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 12min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, treating in 3T constant intensity magnetic field for 15s, and naturally standing for 12 min.
Comparative example 1
A method for single-column type pitaya aerial root fertilization is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the cloth strips are not treated by rice washing water.
Comparative example 2
A method for single-column type pitaya aerial root fertilization is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the cloth strips were not treated with plant extracts.
Comparative example 3
A method for single-column type pitaya aerial root fertilization is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 65 deg.C, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 12min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, and naturally standing for 12 min.
Comparative example 4
A method for single-column type pitaya aerial root fertilization is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the plant extract does not contain scindapsus aureus.
Comparative example 5
A method for single-column type pitaya aerial root fertilization is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh herba Gerberae Piloselloidis, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Moringa oleifera leaf, and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 2 deg.C, -3 deg.C, and-12 deg.C for 25min, and taking out; then placing the glasswort and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 1.5h at 50 ℃, heating to 70 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica, preserving heat for 1h, finally heating to 90 ℃, and adding the moringa leaves, preserving heat for 0.5 h.
Comparative example 6
A method for single-column type pitaya aerial root fertilization is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh herba Gerberae Piloselloidis, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, Moringa oleifera leaf, and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 2 deg.C, 8 deg.C, 2 deg.C, 3 deg.C, and 12 deg.C for 25min respectively, and taking out; then, the glasswort, the green bonnie, the wood ginger vegetable and the moringa leaves are put in water for heat preservation treatment for 2 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃.
Test example 1
Compared with the prior art, the method of the embodiment and the comparative example is adopted, the number of new aerial roots added to the main stem and the yield increase result of each mu of fresh fruit are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
| Group of | The number of new aerial roots (root) of main stem | Mu fresh fruit yield (kg) |
| Example 1 | 13 | 485 |
| Example 2 | 11 | 503 |
| Example 3 | 15 | 512 |
| Example 4 | 14 | 531 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3 | 172 |
| Comparative example 2 | 5 | 213 |
| Comparative example 3 | 3 | 98 |
| Comparative example 4 | 4 | 103 |
| Comparative example 5 | 5 | 226 |
| Comparative example 6 | 2 | 82 |
Test example 2
The content of soluble solids is determined by a refractive index method according to a method of Taishan red pomegranate fruit growth and development dynamic research (published by the Yangxuemei equal to 2017), and an average value is taken;
compared with the prior art, the method of the examples and the comparative examples has the following change rate of the soluble solid content as shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
| Group of | Percentage change in soluble solid content (%) |
| Example 1 | 14.8 |
| Example 2 | 12.6 |
| Example 3 | 20.1 |
| Example 4 | 18.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 5.8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 13.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 10.7 |
| Comparative example 5 | 9.4 |
| Comparative example 6 | 12.5 |
Test example 3
Measuring Ca content according to GB/T5009.92-2003, measuring Fe and Mg content according to GB/T5009.90-2003, measuring Zn content according to GB/T5009.14-2003, and taking an average value;
compared with the prior art, the content change rates of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the pitaya seeds are shown in the following table 3 by adopting the methods of the examples and the comparative examples:
TABLE 3
Claims (5)
1. A method for single-column type pitaya gas rooting fertilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting an area with an altitude of below 600m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ at 1 month and a gradient of less than 15 ℃, and planting the dragon fruits in a single column manner at a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3 m;
(2) selecting 1-2-year-old, robust and disease-and-insect-free pitaya branches, wherein the length of each pitaya branch is 60-80cm, the pitaya branches are directly inserted around a cement pile in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and are within 3cm of the cement pile, one surface of each pitaya branch is tightly attached to the cement pile, the pitaya branches are bound on the cement pile by cloth strips, and aerial roots can grow on the contact surfaces of the pitaya branches and the cement pile from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months;
(3) spraying the nutrient solution A to aerial roots every 10 days during the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the end of 10 months in the first year, wherein the nutrient solution A comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of urea; and spraying a nutrient solution B to aerial roots every 15 days during the period from 4 months to 10 months in the next year, wherein the nutrient solution B comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of borax, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of zinc fertilizer and 0.6 to 0.8 percent of molybdenum fertilizer;
the cloth strips are sequentially treated by rice washing water and plant extract;
the plant extracting solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-0.6% of herba agrimoniae extract, 1.3-2.1% of litsea pungens extract, 3.2-3.6% of moringa oleifera leaf extract, 0.7-1.5% of scindapsus aureus extract and the balance of water;
the rice washing water is prepared by mixing glutinous rice washing water and polished round-grained rice washing water according to the weight ratio of 1: (3-5) by mass;
the method for sequentially treating the cloth strips by rice washing water and plant extract comprises the following steps: heating rice washing water to 50 deg.C or higher, placing into cloth strips, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, taking out, immediately transferring into plant extractive solution, treating in constant-intensity magnetic field for 10-20s, and naturally standing for 10-15 min.
2. The method for the aerial rooting fertilization of the dragon fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cuttage in the step (2) has a density of 440-450 plants/mu.
3. The method for the gas rooting and fertilizing of the single-column pitaya according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh common seepweed herb, pungent litse fruit, moringa leaves and scindapsus aureus, sequentially standing at 0-4 ℃, 6-10 ℃, 0-4 ℃, minus 1-minus 5 ℃ and minus 8-minus 15 ℃ for 25-30 min, and taking out; then placing the glasswort and the scindapsus aureus in water, heating for 1-2 hours at 45-60 ℃, heating to 65-75 ℃, adding the alpinia japonica for heat preservation treatment for 0.8-1.2 hours, and finally heating to 82-100 ℃, adding the moringa leaves for heat preservation treatment for 0.5-0.8 hours.
4. The method for the air-rooting fertilization of the single-column pitaya according to claim 1, wherein the glutinous rice washing water is used for washing the glutinous rice for 1 to 2 times, and the water consumption for each time is 2 to 3 times of the mass of the glutinous rice.
5. The single-column pitaya gas rooting fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the japonica rice washing water is used for washing the japonica rice for 2-3 times, and the water consumption is 1.8-2.5 times of the mass of the japonica rice each time.
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Application publication date: 20191119 Assignee: Guizhou Huolong Horticultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUIZHOU FRUIT INSTITUTE Contract record no.: X2022520000013 Denomination of invention: A single column method of applying fertilizer for pitaya aerial root Granted publication date: 20210803 License type: Common License Record date: 20220518 |