CN113317284A - Artificial batch hatching method for apis cerana queen - Google Patents
Artificial batch hatching method for apis cerana queen Download PDFInfo
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- 241000256846 Apis cerana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
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- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims description 218
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for artificially hatching queen bees of apis cerana/apis cerana in batches, which comprises the following steps: 1) artificially transferring the insects, fixing the queen cell on the queen breeding frame and putting the queen cell in the queen breeding group. 2) And taking out the queen bee from the queen bee breeding frame after the queen bee platform is sealed, putting the queen bee platform protective cover into the queen bee platform protective cover, marking the sealing time on the queen bee platform protective cover by using a marker pen, marking the position of the queen bee by using the marker pen before the queen bee platform is put into the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, putting the queen bee into the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, and setting the temperature to be 34-35 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80% RH. 3) After 12 hours, the queen cell platform is taken out, the body position of the queen cell is marked again, and the queen cell platform is continuously put into a constant temperature and humidity incubator for incubation. 4) And (4) hatching the queen bee platforms to the 7 th day, taking out the queen bee platforms from the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, implanting the queen bee platforms into corresponding queen bee colonies, and hatching the queen bee platforms. The invention shortens the queen bee breeding period, increases the queen bee breeding quantity, realizes the batched queen bee breeding, and the physical constitution, the biological habit, the subsequent development period and the daily egg laying amount of the queen bees hatched according to the method all meet the requirements of colony development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial queen bee cultivation, and relates to an artificial batch incubation method for medium/Italian queen bees.
Background
Queen bee is a kind of hymenoptera and Apidae, also called "mother bee", "queen bee" and "girl bee", and is a female bee with fully developed reproductive organs, and is formed by the development of fertilized eggs. Typically there are only 1 per colony. The body is 1/3 longer than worker bee, the abdomen is longer, the tail end is provided with a chela needle, the lower abdomen is not provided with wax gland, and the wing only covers half of the abdomen. The queen bee releases queen bee information with obviously different components and contents in different physiological states. The feet are not as thick as worker bees, and the hind feet have no pollen basket and have the function of attracting bees. The life of the queen bee is 3-5 years. Because the reproduction rate is gradually reduced, the artificial breeding method is usually eliminated in the bee-keeping industry.
The main function of the queen bee is oviposition, all individuals (new queen bee, male bee and worker bee) in a bee colony are formed by oviposition development of the queen bee, one mated queen bee is filled with 500-700 ten thousand sperms in a germ cell, 800-1300 eggs can be produced in one day and a night, and the total number of the eggs produced by one excellent queen bee can reach more than 10 ten thousand in a year; secondly, queen bees can control the order of bee colonies through queen pheromone secreted by the queen bees, the queen pheromone is transmitted by worker bees, when the queen bees lose queen for hours, the concentration of the queen pheromone gradually disappears in the bee colonies, the worker bees generate queen losing emotion, the worker bees show restlessness, reduced acquisition capacity and the like, if the queen bees lose too long time, the worker bees can not transform into larvae of queen cells, a few worker bees can develop ovaries in the cells to lay unfertilized ova, all the ova develop into male bees, and finally the bee colonies tend to die; the queen bee is a carrier of the genetic diversity of bee varieties and has direct influence on the production performance, disease resistance, bee separation and the like of bee colonies.
At present, the mode of domestic queen bee production mainly comprises the following steps: the large-scale bee field mostly adopts artificial bee colony after transferring the worm to feed and hatch naturally, the small-scale bee field mostly adopts bee colony to make the queen cell bee colony naturally hatch suddenly, amateur bee-keeping household relies on the bee colony to divide the bee naturally or adopts the bee colony to divide the bee naturally, the queen bee cultivation technique lacks innovation, the stopping step is not before, difficult volume production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to change the current technical situation, a set of complete technical system is formed in the early days and is applied to production links of queen bee cultivation, large-scale queen bee field batch queen bee replacement, weak colony rejuvenation and the like to solve the bee breeding problem, the invention provides a method for artificially and batch hatching the queen bees of medium/Italian bees.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the artificial batch hatching method for the queen bees of the apis cerana/apis cerana includes the following steps:
1) artificially transferring the insects, fixing the queen cell on the queen breeding frame and putting the queen cell in the queen breeding group.
2) And taking out the queen bee from the queen bee breeding frame after the queen bee platform is sealed, putting the queen bee platform protective cover into the queen bee platform protective cover, marking the sealing time on the queen bee platform protective cover by using a marker pen, marking the position of the queen bee by using the marker pen before the queen bee platform is put into the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, putting the queen bee into the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, and setting the temperature to be 34-35 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80% RH.
3) After 12 hours, the queen cell platform is taken out, the body position of the queen cell is marked again, and the queen cell platform is continuously put into a constant temperature and humidity incubator for incubation.
4) And (4) hatching the queen bee platforms to the 7 th day, taking out the queen bee platforms from the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, implanting the queen bee platforms into corresponding queen bee colonies, and hatching the queen bee platforms.
Preferably, in step 1), the queen cell is an artificially manufactured candle stick base or a plastic stick base.
Preferably, in step 1), the queen bee is secured to the queen bee raising frame by a queen bee bracket.
More preferably, the number of the bracket layers is increased or decreased according to the number of the queen cell, and the queen cell bracket is taken out and inspected when the state of the queen cell needs to be inspected.
Preferably, in step 2), the temperature of the constant temperature and humidity incubator is set to 34.5 ℃ and the humidity is set to 75% RH.
Preferably, in step 3), marking the queen bee body position again, and then continuing to put into the constant temperature and humidity incubator for incubation further comprises:
3-1) taking out the queen cell after 12 hours, and illuminating the queen cell with strong light to observe whether the queen bee larva starts to spin and cocoon in the queen cell;
3-2) continuously placing the queen cell platform into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation, taking out the queen cell platform after 72 hours, and observing whether the larva normally develops into a pupa-separated state under the strong light irradiation;
3-3) continuously placing the queen bee platform into an intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation, taking out the queen bee platform after 72 hours, observing whether pupa body movement can be seen in the queen bee platform under the strong light irradiation, and preparing for getting out of the queen bee platform after the queen bee begins to emerge.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: whether the queen bee lays eggs at one time is checked 10 days after the queen bee comes out of the queen bee platform, and the quality of the queen bee is ensured.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the labor burden of worker bees of the bee colony is reduced by artificially incubating the closed queen bee platforms; the time for breeding queens by bee colonies is greatly shortened, the number of queen bee colonies is greatly reduced, and a batch of queens can be bred in one natural hatching period through artificial hatching; the worker bees are not required to participate in the hatching process, and the bee colony is only required to be checked twice after the worker bees intervene in a mature queen cell, so that the disturbance frequency to the bee colony is reduced; centralized management is realized, and the labor intensity of operators is reduced; the queen bee platform or the queen bee is screened manually, and the teratogenesis rate of the dead platform and the queen bee is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a three-type bee development/artificial propagation system.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Examples
The main implementation flow of this embodiment is as follows:
temperature and humidity regulation
An intelligent constant temperature and humidity incubator (HSP-50, Tianjin Sedris laboratory analyzer manufacturing factory) is added with drinking water, is powered on, is opened, is set to have a temperature of 38 ℃, and operates for 120 minutes at a humidity of 75 percent. The intelligent constant temperature and humidity incubator is placed in the incubator after 120 minutes of operation, and the electronic hygrothermograph (S-WS05, Shenzhen hong Yangji technology Limited company) and the medical mercury thermometer (triangular rod type, Hongjiang city zheng xing medical instrument factory) are read and recorded from the observation window after 60 minutes, and the indication of the intelligent constant temperature and humidity incubator is finished by each time of value taking, the power supply of the intelligent constant temperature and humidity incubator is turned off, the incubator door is opened for cooling for 30 minutes, and the record is repeatedly read for ten times. Note that the mercury part can not contact any object, and the mercury is thrown below the scale mark after reading the number. The values obtained by this method are shown in Table 1, and the unit (. degree. C.):
TABLE 1 temperature and humidity control record of this example
The temperature and humidity regulation process obtains: the temperature error of the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator is 0.5 ℃, the temperature error of the electronic hygrothermograph is 1 ℃, and the humidity error is 1%.
Second, putting living worker bee for debugging
After the intelligent constant-temperature and constant-humidity incubator is completely cooled to the room temperature, a mailing queen bee cage containing 10 adult worker bees is placed, the temperature of the intelligent constant-temperature and constant-humidity incubator is adjusted to 34.5 ℃, the humidity is adjusted to 75% RH, and after 24 hours, the vital signs of the worker bees are normal. The temperature of the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator is adjusted to 35 ℃, the humidity is adjusted to 70% RH, and after 24 hours, the vital signs of worker bees are normal. The temperature of the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator is adjusted to 35.5 ℃, the humidity is adjusted to 80% RH, and the worker bees are subjected to heatstroke shock after 20 minutes.
Putting the living worker bees into the mixture for debugging to obtain: suitable for living bee, the temperature is 34.5 deg.C, and the humidity is adjusted to 75% RH.
Artificial batch incubation of queen bees
1. The temperature in the bee colony is measured to be 34-35 ℃ and the humidity is measured to be 60-80% RH repeatedly by an electronic hygrothermograph and a mercury thermometer which are placed on a horizontal queen partition grid in the middle of the bee colony. The actual temperature of the bee colony is used as reference, and the temperature of the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator is adjusted to be as close to the temperature of the bee colony as possible.
2. And (3) utilizing 20 artificially-made wax bases to artificially move insects once, checking that 15 queen bee bases are accepted on the day 2, and continuously feeding queen bee larvae to worker bees on the day 4 by the bee colony to seal the queen bee bases.
3. After the queen cell is sealed, 10 queen cells are sealed and taken out from a queen cell culturing frame by using a blade, a queen cell protective cover is put in, marking sealing time is marked on the queen cell protective cover by using a marker pen, before the queen cell is put in an intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, the attachment position of a queen insect on the wall of the queen cell can be seen by irradiating the queen cell with strong light, the position of the queen insect is marked by using the marker pen, the queen insect is put in the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, the temperature is set to be 34.5 ℃, and the humidity.
After 4.12 hours, the queen bee platform is taken out, the queen bee platform is irradiated by strong light, the moving positions of the queen bee are observed according to the body position of the queen bee marked for the first time, the queen bee is continuously put into the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation after the body position of the queen bee is marked again, the queen bee platform is taken out after 12 hours, and all queen bee larvae of the queen bee platform are irradiated by the strong light to spin in the platform for cocoon making. If the larva does not spin and cocoon, the queen insect is dead, and the queen bee platform is removed in time.
5. And continuously placing the queen cell platform into an intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation, taking out the queen cell platform after 72 hours, and enabling all larvae to grow into a pupa-separated state under the strong light irradiation.
6. And (3) continuously placing the queen bee platforms into an intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation, taking out the queen bee platforms after 72 hours, wherein all the queen bee platforms are exposed to visible pupa body movement under the strong light irradiation, and part of the queen bee platforms are exposed to the condition that the queen bee begins to emerge, thus preparing for exiting.
7. When the queen cell is moved into the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator to be incubated for 6 days, the covered spleens with two frames just coming out of the cell are drawn out from the strong colony to form a new channel colony, 10 queen-free colonies are formed in total, pupa movement can be seen when the queen cell is incubated for 7 days, the queen cell can see that the queen cells in part of the queen cell begin to eclosion, and experiments prove that queen larvae in the queen cell survive and normally develop. 5 queen cells are taken out from the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator and are respectively implanted into 5 queen-free colonies, and the remaining 5 queen-free colonies are respectively implanted into natural bee colony incubation queen cells for comparison. After 12 hours, 10 queen bee implants were examined and all successfully hatched. Experiments prove that: the incubation time of queen bee larva incubated by the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator is not obviously different from that of queen bee naturally incubated by a bee colony.
8. The queen bee mating condition is checked 10 days after queen bee leaving the platform, the queen bee that 5 intelligence constant temperature and humidity incubators were hatched all successfully mating, wherein 4 have begun laying eggs, the queen bee that 5 bee colony natural hatchings all successfully mating, wherein 3 begin laying eggs. Experiments prove that: the physiological physique and the development period of queen bees incubated by the intelligent constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator are not obviously different.
9. The intelligent constant temperature and humidity incubation queen bees and the queen bees incubated by natural bee colonies lay eggs 30 days later, and the contrast condition of 2 covered spleens and 1 empty spleens in each colony is created. Namely: 10 copulation groups are respectively transferred into 2 spleens without bee sealing covers from other groups, the spleens of the groups shake out the bees, all the spleens are transferred into non-experimental groups for storage, then 10 copulation groups are respectively added into an empty spleen, after 24 hours, the added empty spleen is put away, the daily egg laying amount of queens incubated by intelligent constant temperature and humidity and natural bee groups is counted, the counting results are that one side of the empty spleen is fully produced, and the other side of the empty spleen has a small amount of eggs, and no obvious difference exists. Experiments prove that: the incubation time, physiological physique, growth period and egg laying amount of the queen bee incubated by the intelligent constant temperature and humidity have no obvious difference with those of the queen bee incubated by a natural bee colony.
The invention embodies the following technical advantages by carrying out artificial incubation on the capping queen cell:
1) the labor burden of worker bees of the bee colony is reduced: when queen bees are cultivated, young worker bees are required to spit a large amount of royal jelly to feed queen bee larvae, a large amount of worker bees are required to keep warm after a queen platform is covered, the temperature and the humidity of a box are adjusted, the service life of the worker bees and the development of the worker bee larvae are inevitably influenced by weak bee colonies, and the situation that the colonies are difficult to grow up and even maintain the colonies is difficult to collapse is caused.
2) Shorten the time that the queen bee was cultivated to the colony by a wide margin, reduce the colony number of breeding the queen bee by a wide margin: the figure of the three-type bee development/artificial propagation system is shown in figure 1, which embodies the propagation process of using the young bee to divide the bee and intervene the queen bee to be a queen bee station/queen bee colony. The development time of the three types of bees can be seen in table 2. The worker bee will close the queen bee station on the 5 th day after the fertilized egg is hatched, and the queen bee station enters the closing period of 8 days after closing the queen bee station to pupate and feather.
TABLE 2 growth time table for three types of bees
The artificial larva transferring and breeding queen bee generally selects 1 day old larva, the larva and the egg period are actually born and are 4 days old, the worker bee covers the queen bee platform on the 4 th day when the artificial larva transferring and breeding queen bee, the larva is 8 days old from the egg period and is just half of the natural incubation time of the whole queen bee, however, through the artificial incubation, one natural incubation period can be used for culturing more queen bees. For example: one queen bee raising frame of a queen bee raising colony organized in a traditional mode can raise 100 queen bees at a time, natural incubation needs 16 days, three batches of 300 queen bees can be raised in 16 days through artificial incubation, and 2/3 queen bee raising colonies can be saved to serve as production colonies.
3) The hatching process does not need worker bees to participate, only needs to check twice bee colonies after the intervention of a mature queen bee platform, and reduces the disturbance times to the bee colonies: the queen bee platforms are uniformly arranged in the queen bee platform protective covers and are stored in the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator in a centralized manner, dependence on bee colonies is completely eliminated, and the queen bee platforms do not need to be opened for inspection. After the queen bee platform is inserted into the mature queen bee platform, only the queen bee platform needs to be opened to check whether the queen bee is healthy or not, whether the queen bee is spawned or not is checked after 10 days, and the number of times of box opening check is greatly reduced.
4) Centralized management, alleviate operating personnel's intensity of labour: the closing cap queen cell platform is concentrated to be deposited in constant temperature and humidity incubator, can increase and decrease the bracket number of piles according to queen cell platform quantity, and the state of the queen cell platform only need open constant temperature and humidity incubator, takes out the queen cell platform bracket and can inspect. If the queen bees are cultivated in a large batch by utilizing the beehive nest super, a plurality of bee colonies are required to be cultivated, dozens of super which are required to be moved by a queen bee platform in one-time box opening inspection are required, more super are hundreds, the super are all places for storing the comb honey, and the physical strength of managers is tested for a bee field for producing the rich honey.
5) The queen bee platform or queen bee is screened manually, and the teratogenesis rate of the dead platform and the queen bee is reduced: when the artificial bee separation or the queen change is carried out, the bee colony is intervened in a queen bee, or a mature queen bee platform, or a queen bee is intervened. Under the condition that wherein large-scale bee field divides the bee in batches or trades the queen bee, because the bee field does not have the queen bee of so many reserves at all, adopt to intervene ripe queen bee platform and be the best selection, whether can confirm the queen bee worm in the queen bee platform by manual work when interveneing ripe queen bee platform is normal, whether healthy after the queen bee platform leaves, as long as whether lay eggs once of ten days inspection after the queen bee platform leaves, ensure the quality of queen bee.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all the embodiments of the present invention are not exhaustive, and all the obvious variations or modifications which are introduced in the technical scheme of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The artificial batch hatching method for the queen bees of the apis cerana/apis cerana includes the following steps:
1) artificially transferring insects, fixing the queen cell on a queen breeding frame and putting the queen cell in a queen breeding group;
2) taking out the queen bee from the queen bee breeding frame after the queen bee platform is covered, putting the queen bee platform into a queen bee platform protective cover, marking the sealing time on the queen bee platform protective cover, marking the position of a queen bee before the queen bee platform is put into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, putting the queen bee platform into the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, and setting the temperature to be 34-35 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80% RH;
3) after 12 hours, taking out the queen cell platform, marking the body position of the queen cell again, and continuously putting the queen cell platform into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation;
4) and (4) hatching the queen bee platforms to the 7 th day, taking out the queen bee platforms from the constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator, implanting the queen bee platforms into corresponding queen bee colonies, and hatching the queen bee platforms.
2. The method for artificially incubating queen bees of apis mellifera/apis mellifera in batches according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the queen bee stands are artificially made candle stands or plastic stands.
3. The method for artificially incubating queen bees of medium/queen bees in batches according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 1), queen bee stands are fixed to a queen bee rearing frame by queen bee stands brackets.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the number of queen bee carriers is increased or decreased according to the number of queen bee platforms, and the queen bee platforms are taken out for inspection when the queen bee platform state needs to be inspected.
5. The method for artificially incubating queen bees of apis mellifera and apis mellifera in batches according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the temperature of the constant-temperature and constant-humidity incubator is set to be 34.5 ℃ and the humidity is set to be 75% RH.
6. The method for artificially hatching queen bees of apis mellifera/apis mellifera in batches according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the queen bees are marked again and then continuously placed into the constant-temperature and constant-humidity incubator for hatching, further comprising:
3-1) taking out the queen cell after 12 hours, and illuminating the queen cell with strong light to observe whether the queen bee larva starts to spin and cocoon in the queen cell;
3-2) continuously placing the queen cell platform into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator for incubation, taking out the queen cell platform after 72 hours, and observing whether the larva normally develops into a pupa-separated state under the strong light irradiation;
3-3) continuously placing the queen bee platform into a constant temperature and humidity incubator for incubation, taking out the queen bee platform after 72 hours, observing whether pupa body movement can be seen in the queen bee platform under the strong light irradiation, and preparing for getting out of the queen bee platform after the queen bee begins to eclosion.
7. The method for artificially hatching queen bees of apis mellifera/apis mellifera in batches according to claim 1 or 6, further comprising: whether the queen bee lays eggs at one time is checked after the queen bee is taken out of the platform for 10 days, so that the quality of the queen bee is ensured.
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