CN113317162A - Alternate cutting utilization method for rubber trees in mature rubber forest - Google Patents
Alternate cutting utilization method for rubber trees in mature rubber forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/08—Felling trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and utilization of rubber trees, and discloses an interval cutting utilization method of rubber trees in an aged rubber forest, namely, planning and interval cutting an aged rubber forest section which can enter a cutting updating program or reduce the density of the rubber trees and implementing the cutting utilization method according to certain technical requirements, so that the density reduction step by step in the forest section is realized, the in-situ updating planting or the replacement planting is realized, other plants are introduced and mixed or intercropped, the tree head roots, trunks and branches and leaves of the rubber trees are utilized in situ to cultivate wood rot type edible fungi or medicinal fungi, and meanwhile, the under-forest illumination condition is obviously improved to be more favorable for developing the under-forest economy. Compared with the felling, updating or replacing planting of the rubber trees commonly used in production, the method saves cost, improves efficiency, reduces water, soil and nutrient loss of the rubber garden, has good ecological benefit, and provides a new research path for researching the competition relationship among the rubber trees in the mature rubber forest and the resource utilization strategy thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and utilization of rubber trees, and relates to an interval felling utilization method of rubber trees in mature rubber forests.
Background
Traditional rubber tree planting, felling and updating generally comprises the steps of uniformly planning, preparing soil, calibrating, digging holes and planting a whole forest land, uniformly felling the whole rubber forest when rubber tapping of the rubber tree reaches an updating standard after a certain age or is required due to production layout adjustment, cleaning trunks, branches and leaves of the rubber tree, digging tree heads and tree roots, preparing soil again, calibrating, digging holes and planting rubber seedlings, and completing updating and planting of rubber forest sections, namely a 'planting-felling-re-planting' round. The rubber forest is taken as a special economic forest, the rubber trees in the forest section cannot be felled before the standard of updating is achieved under the unnecessary condition, so that measures such as thinning and thinning which are common in forestry and are used for reducing the tree survival density are basically not used on the conventional rubber forest section, the steps of thinning and updating or replacing planting are not carried out in the rubber forest section step by step, and when the rubber seedlings are re-planted, the planting positions of the previous batch of rubber trees are generally required to be staggered for field planting so as to reduce the potential risk that the newly-planted rubber trees infect root diseases as far as possible (but the rubber gardens without the rubber tree root diseases are updated, whether the planting positions of the previous batch of rubber trees are required to be staggered for field planting again is worth of the quoting in the field planting process of field planting again), and the planting updating and utilizing mode is widely applied to the production.
In recent years, with the change of the economic development pattern of the world and the supply and demand relationship of natural rubber, the price of the natural rubber enters a low period, and various production costs rise year by year, so that the economic benefit of a rubber garden seriously descends, the phenomena of abandoning pipes, abandoning and cutting of the rubber garden, loss of rubber cutters, cutting of rubber trees and other crop transformation are generated successively, meanwhile, a plurality of rubber forests which reach the updated standard are forced to be implemented temporarily or even shelved for a long time because the prospects are not good, and the gum planting industry falls into development difficulties. Therefore, how to improve the comprehensive benefits of the rubber garden from the point of cost saving and efficiency improvement and keep the existing rubber plantation area to stabilize the existing rubber plantation becomes an urgent task.
In order to improve the comprehensive benefits of the rubber plantation, on one hand, the production time, manpower, material resources and financial resources of the rubber plantation are reduced by adopting measures of planting large-scale rubber seedlings to shorten the non-production period of rubber trees, a new rubber tapping system, an electric rubber tapping machine, a light simplification technology and the like, so that the aim of saving the cost (saving the cost) is fulfilled; on the other hand, the yield of the rubber garden per unit area can be increased to improve the benefit (synergy) by improving the added value of rubber tree products and utilizing rubber woodlands to develop modes such as forest economy, multiple management and the like. In fact, the current technology can be optimized and innovated in links such as felling, updating and planting of rubber trees and utilization after felling, the purposes of cost saving and efficiency improvement are achieved, but the method is usually ignored, and only a small trial experiment in some places in Malaysia has been briefly introduced in the context of 'updating a rubber park under an old tree shadow' in pages 31-32 in the 5 th period of 'world tropical agricultural information' in 1965, namely, rubber seedlings are implanted in an old rubber park which is subjected to strong cutting in advance, and then the old rubber trees are uniformly felled so as to update the rubber park by utilizing the shadow shielding of the old rubber trees.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cost-saving, efficiency-increasing and ecological-benefit interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in an aged rubber forest, so that the density is reduced step by step in an implemented forest section, in-situ updating planting or replacement planting is realized, mixed or intercropped other plants are introduced, the tree heads, the tree roots, the wood and the branches and leaves of the rubber trees are utilized on the spot to cultivate wood-rotting edible fungi or medicinal fungi, and the illumination condition under the forest is obviously improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the interval felling utilization method for the rubber trees in the mature rubber forest comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting forest sections cut at intervals: the disease of the root of the rubber tree does not occur or is completely eliminated, and the method can enter an updating program or reduce the section of the aged rubber forest with the preserved density of the rubber tree;
s2, interval felling planning: cutting at intervals, and reserving 40-60% of rubber trees;
s3, felling: cutting off a rubber tree to be cut at a position 5-50 cm away from the ground, and then performing the following treatment:
(S3-1) immediately spraying or smearing 25-35% of ethylene solution or emulsion on the cut section of the tree head, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant on the non-cut section of the tree head, and tightly covering the whole tree head with a low-light-transmittance and airtight covering material to promote the tree head and the tree root to lose vigor as soon as possible;
(S3-2) sawing the trunk and the branches with the diameter more than or equal to 15 cm of the felled rubber tree into sections, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant, and then tightly covering the sections with a covering object with low light transmittance, and keeping the sections in place for later use;
(S3-3) cutting or crushing the remained cut branches and leaves into branch and leaf fragments, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant, then tightly covering with a covering with low light transmittance, and reserving in situ for later use;
s4, the in-situ utilization after felling comprises the following steps:
(S4-1) rubber tree head utilization: digging holes in the middle or at the edge of the cut rubber tree head, planting the rubber tree or other plant nursery stocks with culture medium, and inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains after the rubber tree head loses activity; or after the cut tree head loses vitality, inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains;
(S4-2) log utilization: after the activity of the log is lost, wood-rotting edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains are inoculated on the log, and the log is arranged around the tree head as the center;
(S4-3) branch and leaf debris utilization: the branch and leaf scraps are used as lower padding or filler in the middle gap when the log is placed, or covering materials on the log and the surface of the tree head.
Further, in step S2, for the forest section to be subjected to interval cutting, any one of the following two ways is selected to determine the rubber tree to be cut in the forest section:
(S2-1) cutting 1-2 rows of rubber trees every 1-2 rows of rubber trees;
(S2-2) cutting 1-2 rubber trees in each row of rubber trees at intervals of 1-2 rubber trees.
Further, in step S3, the transmittance of the cover is less than or equal to 6%.
Further, in the step S3-2, the length of the log is 30-160 cm.
Further, in step S3-3, the length, width and height of the branch and leaf scraps are less than or equal to 8 cm.
Further, in step S4-1, the method for utilizing the rubber tree head is any one of the following methods:
(S4-1-1) directly digging holes in the middle or at the edge of the cut rubber tree, implanting sterilized and disinfected rubber trees or other plant seedlings with culture substrates, keeping the tight covering of the tree heads by the original covering materials under the condition that the upper parts of the trunks of the implanted seedlings are not covered, sterilizing, disinfecting and finishing the tree heads and the tree roots after the cambium layers under most of the barks of the tree heads are changed from beige to tawny, and inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungus strains;
(S4-1-2) after most cambium under bark of the tree head to be felled is changed into yellow brown from beige, sterilizing, disinfecting and finishing the tree head and the tree root, inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungus strains, digging holes in the middle or the edge of the tree head after the tree head begins to become brown and rot, and planting the sterilized and disinfected rubber saplings or other plant saplings with culture mediums.
Further, in step S4-2, after the cambium under most of the tree barks of the log changes from beige to yellow brown, the log is sterilized, disinfected and finished again, and the wood rot type edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains are inoculated.
Further, in step S3-2, a plastic film is used as the cover.
Further, in step S3-3, a plastic film is used as the cover.
The interval felling utilization method of the rubber trees in the mature rubber forest has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a novel method for saving cost and improving efficiency, which is particularly suitable for the conditions that the prices of natural rubber and rubber wood are continuously low and the production cost is high, in order to realize the step-by-step density reduction, the in-situ updating or the replacement planting in the forest section of an aged rubber forest, introduce mixed or intercropped other plants, cultivate wood rotting edible fungi or medicinal fungi by using the rubber tree wood on the spot (the market price of edible and medicinal fungi planted by imitating wild raw wood is usually more than 2 times of that of bag cultivation), and improve the illumination condition under the forest so as to better utilize the open space under the forest to develop other under-forest economy, multiple operations and the like.
(2) The invention adopts the mode of in-situ utilization after the rubber trees are cut down at intervals, a series of procedures of wood carrying, tree head and root digging, land preparation, calibration and the like in the traditional rubber tree cutting and updating method are omitted, soil is basically not moved or is moved little in the process, the whole cut rubber tree does not need to be cleaned and moved out of the rubber garden like in the traditional updating method, but edible fungi or medicinal fungi are inoculated in situ and directly returned to the forest land after being converted and utilized, the procedures are reduced, the cost is reduced, meanwhile, the water and soil loss and nutrient outflow in the rubber garden cutting, updating or replacing planting process can be greatly reduced, and the ecological benefit is good.
(3) The invention provides a new research path for researching the competitive relationship among rubber trees in the mature rubber forest and the utilization strategy of the rubber trees for light, water, nutrients and other resources. Because in a conventional mature rubber forest, continuous resource competition exists between the rubber trees and the adjacent rubber trees, the resources such as illumination, moisture, soil and the like occupied by each rubber tree under the mutual continuous competition pressure are in a relative balance state, after alternate cutting is carried out, the density of the rubber trees in a unit area is reduced, the original competition pressure is temporarily released, various resources obtained by each single plant of the remaining non-cut rubber trees in a certain period are suddenly increased, and the sudden change of the state stimulates the growth and the yield improvement of the single plants of the remaining non-cut rubber trees, so that a research path can be provided for researching the competition relationship among the rubber trees in the mature rubber forest and the utilization strategies of the rubber trees on the resources such as light, water, nutrients and the like, and even searching for the theory of the ultrahigh-yield rubber trees.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below by way of examples.
Example one
An interval felling utilization method of rubber trees in an aged rubber forest comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting spaced felled rubber forest: 33 initial rubber trees are planted in a certain mu at the density, after tapping for 25 years, the number of the existing rubber trees is 25/mu, and the mature rubber forest section without the root diseases of the rubber trees can enter an updating procedure or reduce the density of the rubber trees and introduce mixed crossing or interplanting other plants because the number of the effective rubber tapping plants of the rubber trees is reduced and the overall rubber production capacity is reduced.
(2) Interval felling planning: through comprehensive analysis of the number of effective tapping and ineffective tapping plants of the rubber trees in the forest section, the rubber trees in 1 row are cut at intervals by adopting a method of cutting the rubber trees in 1 row every other row, namely 50% of the cut trees are cut (50% is a theoretical value, the reason that partial side rows of the rubber trees are kept may be considered during cutting operation, the actual value may float up and down at 50%, the same is performed below), and 50% of the cut trees are kept.
(3) Cutting treatment: cutting off a rubber tree to be cut at a position 40 cm away from the ground, and then performing the following treatment: immediately smearing 25% ethephon emulsion on the cut section of the tree head, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant on the non-cut section of the tree head, and tightly covering the whole tree head with a black plastic film with light transmittance of about 3% to promote the tree head and the tree root to lose vigor as soon as possible; sawing the cut trunk and branches with diameter not less than 15 cm into segments with length of 40 cm, spraying sterilizing disinfectant, covering with plastic film in situ, and keeping; cutting or crushing the remained cut branches and leaves into branch and leaf fragments with the length, width and height less than or equal to 8 cm, and covering the branch and leaf fragments with a plastic film in situ after spraying a sterilizing disinfectant for later use.
(4) In-situ utilization after felling: after most cambium layers under barks in the cut-down tree heads and the cut-down segment trees are changed from beige to tawny and lose vitality, according to the technical requirements of the cultivation of the wild-segment-tree-simulated lucid ganoderma under the conventional forest, the tree heads, the roots, the segment trees and the branch and leaf fragments are sterilized, disinfected and finished again, and are matched with related shading and moisturizing facilities, then the tree heads and the segment trees are inoculated with lucid ganoderma strains respectively, the segment trees are arranged around the tree heads as the centers, and the branch and leaf fragments are filled or covered as fillers in the middle gaps or covering materials on the surfaces when the segment trees are arranged, so that the wild-segment-simulated lucid ganoderma is produced; and (3) starting to brown and rot the felled tree heads, digging holes in the middle of the tree heads, and planting rubber seedlings with culture matrixes to realize in-situ renewal planting of 50% of rubber trees in the rubber forest section.
Table 1 comparison of the major cost per unit area and the benefit of the embodiment of the present invention with the conventional rubber plantation
Description of the drawings: in the table, only the initial rubber tree density of 33 rubber trees in each section of the forest, the number of stored trees of 25 trees in each area before felling and the volume of 3.6 cubic trees in each area are taken as references, 50% of felled trees (12.5 on average) are re-planted in the embodiment when felling, for comparison, the corresponding items of the traditional updating method are calculated according to 0.5 acre, namely 12.5 trees are felled and 12.5 plants are re-planted in each area, the volume of output is 1.8 cubic, in addition, the volume of 0.9 cubic root and 0.7 cubic effective branch and leaf of 12.5 rubber trees are added when lucid ganoderma is cultivated, the volume is about 3.4 cubic trees, and the estimation is carried out according to the related market price market conditions of the southern province, province and state areas in 2020 years.
After the treatment by the method, the density of the original stubble rubber trees in the forest section is reduced to 50 percent, and the planted large rubber seedlings are updated in situ after being cut at intervals, so that the tree number (density) of the rubber trees in the whole forest section is kept unchanged, but in the process, the procedures of wood carrying, tree head and tree root digging, land preparation, re-scaling and the like in the traditional method for cutting and updating the rubber trees in situ are omitted due to the adoption of the method for updating and planting the rubber trees in situ, so that the production cost is saved, the loss of water, soil and nutrients is greatly reduced, the main cost of in situ updating and planting in unit area of the embodiment is 247.5 yuan, and the main cost of the corresponding traditional updating and planting method is 444 yuan, and the ganoderma lucidum sections with higher value are cultivated by in situ transformation by utilizing the relatively lower cost of the tree heads, the tree roots, the tree sections, the trees, the branches and the leaves of the rubber trees in situ, the income is increased, the comprehensive economic benefit of the whole implementation process reaches 1488.5 yuan, the corresponding comprehensive economic benefit of the traditional updating planting method is only 546 yuan, meanwhile, due to the fact that the shielding of the rubber trees to sunlight is reduced by interval cutting, the under-forest illumination condition of the whole forest section is obviously improved, the canopy density of the forest section in the first year after cutting is reduced to about 0.5 from about 0.7 before cutting, and better conditions are provided for introducing mixed or intercropping other plants into the forest section or developing economy under other forests. In addition, after alternate cutting, the resources occupied by the single plants of the original residual rubber trees are improved, and compared with the original residual rubber trees before cutting, the yield of the dry rubber is increased by 11 percent, the crown width is increased by 0.3 meter, and the tree circumference is increased by 1.1 cm. Obviously, compared with the traditional rubber tree updating planting method, the comprehensive benefit advantage of the embodiment is very obvious.
Further, after the above processing, if the same interval cutting processing and the after-cutting utilization method are performed on the remaining rubber trees of the original stubble of the forest section, the in-situ updating planting and utilization can be performed on the whole rubber forest section while obtaining higher benefits.
Example two
An interval felling utilization method of rubber trees in an aged rubber forest comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting spaced felled rubber forest: the planting density of 34 initial rubber trees per mu is 34, the number of the existing rubber trees is 29/mu after rubber tapping for 15 years, and the density of the rubber trees can be reduced and other trees and other plants can be introduced and mixed because of production layout adjustment and the mature rubber tree section with no root diseases of the rubber trees is not grown.
(2) Interval felling planning: after comprehensive analysis of the number of effective tapping and ineffective tapping plants of the rubber trees in the forest section, 1 line of rubber trees are cut down at intervals by adopting a method of cutting down 1 line of rubber trees every 1 line, namely 50% of the rubber trees are cut down, and 50% of the rubber trees are reserved.
(3) Cutting treatment: cutting off a rubber tree to be cut at a position 30 cm away from the ground, and then performing the following treatment: firstly, spraying 32% of ethephon water aqua immediately on the cut section of the tree head, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant on the non-cut section of the tree head, and covering the tree head with an opaque black plastic bucket with the height and the diameter slightly larger than the tree head in a back-off manner for tight covering so as to promote the tree head and the tree root to lose vigor as soon as possible; sawing the trunk and branches with diameter not less than 15 cm of the felled rubber tree into sections with length of 150 cm, spraying sterilizing disinfectant, covering with plastic film and keeping; thirdly, the remained branches and leaves which are cut down are directly crushed into branch and leaf fragments with the growth, width and height of less than or equal to 8 cm, and the branch and leaf fragments are covered with plastic films in situ after being sprayed with the sterilizing disinfectant and are reserved for later use.
(4) In-situ utilization after felling: digging holes directly at the edge of the head of a cut rubber tree, planting a sterilized and disinfected betel nut sapling with a culture medium, keeping a black plastic barrel to tightly cover the head, sterilizing and finishing the head, roots, segments and branch and leaf fragments of the cut head and segments after most of cambiums under the bark are changed from beige to tawny and lose vitality, inoculating shiitake mushroom strains to the head and segments respectively in a cool season according to the conventional cultivation technical requirements of the wild-segment-like shiitake mushroom under the forest, arranging the segments around the head as the center, and using the branch and leaf fragments as lower padding when the segments are arranged to produce the wild-segment-like shiitake mushroom.
TABLE 2 comparison of cost per unit area and benefit of this example two with the traditional rubber plantation
Description of the drawings: (1) in the table, only the initial rubber tree density of 34 rubber trees in each acre of the forest section, the stock number of 29 rubber trees in each acre before felling and the volume of 2.6 cubic trees in each acre are taken as references, 50 percent (14.5 plants on average) of felling trees in the felling process and re-planting are carried out in the embodiment, for convenience of comparison, the corresponding traditional updating method is calculated according to 0.5 acre, namely 14.5 rubber trees are felled in each acre on average, 14.5 plants are re-planted and the volume of output is 1.3 cubic, in addition, 0.6 cubic of root head and root and 0.4 cubic of effective branches and leaves of 14.5 rubber trees are required to be added during mushroom cultivation, the volume of the cubic trees is about 2.3 cubic, and the estimation is carried out according to the related market price market quotations of the area of the southern province in 2020. (2) Because the forest section in the embodiment only cuts the rubber for 15 years and does not reach the conventional updating standard, the corresponding volume is lower, and the comprehensive economic benefit is also lower.
After the treatment by the method, the density of the original stubble rubber trees in the forest section is reduced to 50 percent, the planted areca nut seedlings are replaced in situ after being cut at intervals, and finally the total number (density) of the trees in the whole forest land is unchanged, but in the process, the procedures of wood carrying, digging, soil preparation, re-calibration and the like of the tree heads and the tree roots in the traditional rubber tree cutting and updating method are omitted due to the adoption of the method of replacing and introducing the mixed areca nuts in situ, so the production cost is saved, the loss of water, soil and nutrients is greatly reduced, as shown in table 2, the main cost of in-situ updating and replacing planting in unit area of the embodiment is 287.1 yuan, while the main cost of the corresponding traditional updating planting method needs 531.2 yuan, and the high-value sections of the mushrooms are cultivated in situ in the forest section by utilizing the tree heads, the tree roots, the section trees and the branch and the tree roots, the branches and the leaves with relatively low cost, the income is increased, the comprehensive economic benefit of the whole implementation process reaches 1115.4 yuan, the corresponding comprehensive economic benefit of the traditional updating planting method is only 183.8 yuan, meanwhile, on one hand, the shielding of the rubber trees to sunlight is reduced by interval cutting, the under-forest illumination condition of the whole forest section is obviously improved, the canopy density of the first-year forest section after cutting is reduced to about 0.5 from about 0.9 before cutting, better conditions are provided for further introducing mixed-crossing other forest trees or other intercropped plants in the forest section or developing other under-forest economy, on the other hand, after interval cutting, the average occupied resources of the single plants of the residual rubber trees in the original stubble are greatly improved, compared with the method before cutting, the yield of the residual rubber trees in the 1 st year is increased by 21%, the crown width is increased by 0.5 m, and the tree circumference is increased by 1.4 cm. Therefore, compared with the traditional rubber tree renewal planting method, the comprehensive benefit advantage of the embodiment is obvious.
Furthermore, after the treatment by the method, one row of the betel nut trees are planted in the middle of each row, so that the betel nuts can be mixed in the rubber forest section in a higher proportion.
Furthermore, if the same interval cutting treatment and the utilization method after cutting are carried out on the residual rubber trees of the original stubbles, the whole rubber forest segment can be utilized in situ and completely replaced by the betel nut forest while higher benefits are obtained.
EXAMPLE III
An interval felling utilization method of rubber trees in an aged rubber forest comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting spaced felled rubber forest: the planting density of 34 initial rubber trees per mu is 34, the number of the existing rubber trees is 27 per mu after rubber tapping for 20 years, and the density of the rubber trees can be reduced and other plants can be introduced for interplanting because the production layout is adjusted.
(2) Interval felling planning: by comprehensively analyzing the number of effective rubber tapping plants and ineffective rubber tapping plants of the rubber trees in the forest section, the interval cutting method of cutting 1 rubber tree every 1 rubber tree in each row of the rubber trees is adopted.
(3) Cutting treatment: cutting off a rubber tree to be cut at a position 30 cm away from the ground, and then performing the following treatment: firstly, immediately smearing 28% ethephon emulsion on the cut section of the tree head, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant on the non-cut section of the tree head, and then covering the tree head with an opaque black plastic bucket with the height and the diameter slightly larger than the tree head in a reverse buckling manner to tightly cover the tree head so as to promote the tree head and the tree root to lose vigor as soon as possible; sawing the cut trunk and branches with diameter not less than 15 cm into segments with length of 40 cm, spraying sterilizing disinfectant, covering with plastic film in situ, and keeping; thirdly, the remained branches and leaves which are cut down are directly crushed into branch and leaf fragments with the growth, width and height of less than or equal to 8 cm, and the branch and leaf fragments are covered with plastic films in situ after being sprayed with the sterilizing disinfectant and are reserved for later use.
(4) In-situ utilization after felling: firstly, ploughing and preparing the open space between the downward rows of the forest segment, introducing intercropped bulbil konjac, changing the rice yellow color of the cambium layer under most barks in the felled tree heads and segments into yellow brown color to lose vitality, then sterilizing, disinfecting and finishing the tree heads, the tree roots, the segments and the branch and leaf fragments in cool seasons according to the technical requirements of conventional wild-segment-wood-like ganoderma lucidum cultivation under the forest, matching with related shading and moisturizing facilities, inoculating ganoderma lucidum strains on the tree heads and the segments, arranging the segments around the tree heads as the centers, and producing the wild-segment-wood-like ganoderma lucidum by using the branch and leaf fragments as fillers or covering materials on the surfaces of the middle gaps when the segments are arranged.
TABLE 3 comparison of the major cost per unit area and the benefit of the third embodiment with the conventional rubber plantation
Description of the drawings: (1) in the table, only the initial rubber tree density of 34 rubber trees in each acre of the forest section, the number of stored plants of 27 trees in each acre before felling and the volume of 3.3 cubic plants in each acre are taken as references, 50% of felled trees (13.5 plants on average) are re-planted in the embodiment when felling, for comparison, the corresponding items of the traditional updating method are calculated according to 0.5 acre, namely 13.5 trees are felled and 13.5 plants are re-planted in each acre, the volume of output is 1.65 cubic, in addition, 0.65 cubic of root heads and roots and 0.5 cubic of effective branches and leaves of 13.5 rubber trees are added when the mushrooms are cultivated, the volume of the cubic trees is about 2.8, and the estimation is carried out according to the related market price market quotation of the area of Hainan province in 2020 years. (2) The planting of the bulbil konjak between the forest lower rows does not belong to the comparison range of the table, and the cost and the benefit are not listed in the table for calculation.
After the treatment by the method, the density of the original stubble rubber trees in the forest section is reduced to 50 percent, but in the process, the procedures of wood transportation, tree head and tree root digging, land preparation, recalibration and the like in the traditional rubber tree cutting and updating method are omitted by adopting the method of in-situ utilization after in-situ cutting, so that the production cost is saved, the loss of water, soil and nutrients is greatly reduced, see table 3, the main cost of in-situ cutting and updating in unit area of the embodiment is 132 yuan, the main cost of the corresponding traditional updating planting method is 545.6 yuan, and the ganoderma lucidum with higher value is cultivated in the forest section by utilizing the tree head, the tree root, the segment wood and the branch and leaf fragments with relatively lower cost, the income is increased, the comprehensive economic benefit of the whole implementation process reaches 1114.5 yuan, while the comprehensive economic benefit of the corresponding traditional updating planting method is only 361.9 yuan, meanwhile, on one hand, the shielding of the rubber trees on sunlight is reduced by alternate cutting, the under-forest illumination condition of the whole forest section is obviously improved, the canopy density of the first-year forest section after cutting is reduced to about 0.5 from about 0.8 before cutting, and better conditions are provided for obtaining higher yield and benefit of under-forest intercropped amorphophallus bulbifer, on the other hand, after alternate cutting, the average occupied resource of the remaining single plants of the rubber trees of the original stubbles is greatly improved, compared with the prior-to-cutting, the yield of the plants is increased by 14 percent, the crown width is increased by 0.3 meter, and the tree circumference is increased by 1.2 centimeters. Therefore, compared with the traditional rubber tree updating planting method, the comprehensive benefit advantage of the embodiment is very obvious.
After the treatment by the method, the rubber tree growth and yield related indexes of the rest rubber trees, such as the tree circumference, the tree height, the crown width, the volume, the root system, the bark, the root-crown ratio, the dry gum content, the gum yield, the illumination, the moisture, the nutrients and the like, are tracked and monitored, and the changes of the rubber trees before and after interval felling and in the same period of un-felled areas are contrasted and analyzed, so that scientific data support is provided for researching the competitive relationship among the mature rubber trees and the utilization strategy of the light, water, nutrients and other resources of the single plant of the mature rubber trees, even exploring the aspects of cultivating the ultra-high yield rubber trees and the like.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in mature rubber forests is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting forest sections cut at intervals: the disease of the root of the rubber tree does not occur or is completely eliminated, and the method can enter an updating program or reduce the section of the aged rubber forest with the preserved density of the rubber tree;
s2, interval felling planning: cutting at intervals, and reserving 40-60% of rubber trees;
s3, felling: cutting off a rubber tree to be cut at a position 5-50 cm away from the ground, and then performing the following treatment:
(S3-1) immediately spraying or smearing 25-35% of ethylene solution or emulsion on the cut section of the tree head, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant on the non-cut section of the tree head, and tightly covering the whole tree head with a low-light-transmittance and airtight covering material to promote the tree head and the tree root to lose vigor as soon as possible;
(S3-2) sawing the trunk and the branches with the diameter more than or equal to 15 cm of the felled rubber tree into sections, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant, and then tightly covering the sections with a covering object with low light transmittance, and keeping the sections in place for later use;
(S3-3) cutting or crushing the remained cut branches and leaves into branch and leaf fragments, spraying a sterilizing disinfectant, then tightly covering with a covering with low light transmittance, and reserving in situ for later use;
s4, the in-situ utilization after felling comprises the following steps:
(S4-1) rubber tree head utilization: digging holes in the middle or at the edge of the cut rubber tree head, planting the rubber tree or other plant nursery stocks with culture medium, and inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains after the rubber tree head loses activity; or after the cut tree head loses vitality, inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains;
(S4-2) log utilization: after the activity of the log is lost, wood-rotting edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains are inoculated on the log, and the log is arranged around the tree head as the center;
(S4-3) branch and leaf debris utilization: the branch and leaf scraps are used as lower padding or filler in the middle gap when the log is placed, or covering materials on the log and the surface of the tree head.
2. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S2, for the forest section to be subjected to interval cutting, any one of the following two ways is selected to determine the rubber tree to be cut in the forest section:
(S2-1) cutting 1-2 rows of rubber trees every 1-2 rows of rubber trees;
(S2-2) cutting 1-2 rubber trees in each row of rubber trees at intervals of 1-2 rubber trees.
3. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the light transmittance of the covering is less than or equal to 6%.
4. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3-2, the length of the log is 30-160 cm.
5. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3-3, the length, width and height of the branch and leaf scraps are less than or equal to 8 cm.
6. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4-1, the method for utilizing the rubber tree head is any one of the following modes:
(S4-1-1) directly digging holes in the middle or at the edge of the cut rubber tree, implanting sterilized and disinfected rubber trees or other plant seedlings with culture substrates, keeping the tight covering of the tree heads by the original covering materials under the condition that the upper parts of the trunks of the implanted seedlings are not covered, sterilizing, disinfecting and finishing the tree heads and the tree roots after the cambium layers under most of the barks of the tree heads are changed from beige to tawny, and inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungus strains;
(S4-1-2) after most cambium under bark of the tree head to be felled is changed into yellow brown from beige, sterilizing, disinfecting and finishing the tree head and the tree root, inoculating wood rot edible fungi or medicinal fungus strains, digging holes in the middle or the edge of the tree head after the tree head begins to become brown and rot, and planting the sterilized and disinfected rubber saplings or other plant saplings with culture mediums.
7. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S4-2, after the cambium under most of the tree barks of the log changes from beige to yellow brown, the log is sterilized, disinfected and finished again, and the wood rotting edible fungi or medicinal fungi strains are inoculated.
8. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3-2, a plastic film is used as the cover.
9. The interval felling utilization method for rubber trees in aged rubber forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3-3, a plastic film is used as the cover.
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