CN113303160A

CN113303160A - Breeding method of multi-color peach blossom nursery stock

Info

Publication number: CN113303160A
Application number: CN202110646037.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王燕
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-06-10
Filing date: 2021-06-10
Publication date: 2021-08-27

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of improved flower breeding, and particularly discloses a breeding method of a multi-color peach flower seedling, which ensures that branches with typical variety characteristic grow on a scion stock plant through a series of technical measures such as selection of the scion stock plant, culture management of the scion stock plant, tag marking, pruning and germination acceleration, ensures that scion branches with typical variety characteristic are collected through 'bud selection grafting', ensures that the scion branches with typical variety characteristic are grafted and cultured, and ensures that the characteristic of the multi-color peach flower seedling obtained by grafting and breeding and the high-quality seedling rate reach 100% through 'flowering phase identification'.

Description

Breeding method of multi-color peach blossom nursery stock

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flower fine variety breeding, in particular to a breeding method of multi-color peach flower seedlings.

Background

Peach blossom is native to China, is one of popular ornamental flowers and trees in spring, has the reputation of Christmas tree in China, and has been cultivated in China for more than 3000 years.

The multi-color peach blossom refers to a variety which can blossom flowers with two or three colors on a single plant. When the multi-color peach flower is full, two or three flowers with different colors can be seen on the same single plant, or one flower is provided with two or three petals with different colors, or one petal is provided with two or three filigree spots with different colors, and the mosaic states of the different flower colors are different, so that the flower on the whole single plant is colorful. The multi-color peach blossom is a wonderful flower in peach blossom and is also a precious germplasm resource of the peach blossom, and in the market of peach blossom nursery stocks, the price of a single plant of the multi-color peach blossom is 40% higher than that of a common peach blossom, so that the multi-color peach blossom is deeply loved by people.

Scientific research finds that the 'multi-color' flower of the peach flower is controlled by the 'jumping gene', the expression of the flower color is random, and the phenomenon of 'flower color polarity separation' is easy to occur in the growth and development of the multi-color peach flower, namely, branches with 'single flower color' and 'flower color missing' appear on a multi-color peach flower plant.

The peach blossom nursery stocks are mostly produced by adopting 'spring cut grafting and summer bud grafting', no matter the peach blossom nursery stocks are cut grafted in spring or bud grafted in summer, when scion branches are collected, the peach blossom plants do not have full flowers, and producers cannot identify the variety characteristic typicality of the scion branches. Even a producer who knows the hereditary mechanism of the peach blossom multicolor flower and the typical idea of the characteristic features of the variety cannot ensure that the scion branches cut are typical branches of the characteristic features of the variety, and finally, the grafted nursery stock loses the typical characteristic features of the original variety 'colorful', namely, the nursery stock of the original variety 'colorful' cannot be stably obtained.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a breeding method of the multi-color peach blossom nursery stock, which ensures that branches with typical variety characteristic are grown on the scion stock plant through a series of technical measures such as selection of the scion stock plant, culture management of the scion stock plant, branding marking, pruning and sprouting and the like, ensures that scion branches with typical variety characteristic are collected through 'bud selection grafting' to be grafted and cultured, and ensures that the variety characteristic and the high-quality nursery stock rate of the multi-color peach blossom nursery stock obtained by grafting and breeding reach 100 percent through 'flowering phase identification'.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a breeding method of multi-color peach blossom seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selection of the ear-picking stock plant: selecting a single plant with typical variety characteristic characteristics (with a typical flower type, a typical flower color and a typical flower color embedded form) from the existing multi-color peach flower variety seedlings as a stock plant of the scion, planting the single plant in a place with sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage, and daily enhancing fertilizer and water management and pest control to make the single plant grow robustly;

(2) cultivating and managing the scion stock plant: when the flower is bloomed in spring, cutting out branches with single flower color and branches with missing flower color on the scion stock plant, wherein the branches with missing flower color refer to branches with reduced flower color number compared with the characteristic of variety;

(3) marking by hanging cards: when peach blossoms are in the beginning of blooming in spring, selecting branches with typical variety characteristic characteristics on scion stock plants which are robust in growth and development and have typical variety characteristic characteristics, namely selecting branches with each flower or flower bud being in multiple colors, hanging a label on the base of each branch, and indicating the name of the variety on the label;

(4) pruning and promoting buds: after the tagging marking is finished, timely cutting off branches and thin and weak branches with unobvious variety characteristic performance on big branches where marked branches are located, cutting off blind bud parts on the upper parts of the marked branches, and erasing flowers and flower buds on the marked branches to enable nutrients to be concentrated on leaf bud germination;

(5) selecting buds for grafting: cutting a branch growing out of the upper part of the label on the marked branch as a scion branch in 6-7 months, carrying out bud grafting, and marking the grafted cell; lifting seedlings after leaves fall in autumn, removing the grafting film, and planting the seedlings in a fine variety garden;

(6) and (3) flowering phase identification: and (3) identifying the flower color of the multi-color peach blossom nursery stock obtained by grafting propagation in time when the multi-color peach blossom nursery stock blooms for the first time, removing single plants with single flower color and missing flower color, and only keeping single plants with typical variety characteristic expression, wherein the single plants with typical variety characteristic expression are single plants with the same flower type, flower color and flower color embedding form as the original variety.

The invention is applicable to the variety of the multi-color peach blossom: wubao (also known as Riyue), Sponghong (also known as Saikoujin), Diqiao, Ruixian, peach flower faerie, neon, Wubao drooping branch, Mandarin duck drooping branch, broom peach (also known as Saikou broom peach), Diqiao god, Xiayu god, Zaodiqiao, Jiangnan swallow, Jinling brocade peach and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the theory that the composite color peach blossom grows and develops and has the phenomenon of 'flower color and polarity separation', when nursery stocks are bred, the selection control is carried out on the scion stock plants, the variety characteristic characteristics are ensured by cultivating and managing the scion stock plants, and the detail processing in multiple aspects of branding marking, pruning and promoting buds, selecting buds for grafting, flowering phase identification and the like is carried out on branches with typical variety characteristic characteristics, namely 'five-time continuous impurity removal and purity preservation' technical measures are combined, the operation of each link in the breeding of the composite color peach blossom nursery stocks is standardized, so that the bred composite color peach blossom nursery stocks can keep the typical characteristic of the original variety, and the high-quality nursery stock rate reaches 100%;

the method is simple, convenient and feasible, low in cost, very stable in effect and suitable for the seedling production of the multi-color peach blossom; the method not only can improve the production benefit of the improved peach blossom nursery stock, but also can play an active role in the conservation of peach blossom germplasm resources and the breeding of the improved peach blossom nursery stock; meanwhile, a large number of high-quality rare peach blossom improved variety seedlings can be provided for the construction of beautiful villages in China, the aesthetic requirements of people on rare, fancy and beautiful flowers are met, and the excellent rare peach blossom improved variety in China can be reserved and inherited.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present application, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present application with reference to the specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of some, and not all, of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Example one

The breeding method of the multi-color peach blossom nursery stock is realized through the following aspects:

(1) in 2016, in spring, in a germplasm resource garden of Changde professional technical institute, selecting a single plant with typical flower type, flower color and flower color mosaic form of the variety from a multi-color peach flower variety- 'Wubao' (three flower colors of powder, deep powder and red, and typical flower is dark pink or red filigree spots sprayed on pink petals) as a scion stock plant;

(2) in the spring of 2017, in the full-bloom stage of the 'five-treasure' peach, pure pink branches, pure red branches and diseased branches on the scion stock plants are cut off, and only branches with typical variety characteristic characteristics are reserved, namely, branches with each flower being a deep pink or red flower silk spot sprayed on pink petals are reserved;

(3) in 2018, in spring, 1000 wild peach stock seedlings are cultivated in a peach flower improved variety breeding base;

(4) in 2018, in 3 months, when the 'Wubao' peach scion stock plant blossoms initially, a branch is selected, wherein each flower or flower bud is a pink flower, deep pink or red filigree spots are sprinkled on the pink petals, a label is hung at the base part of the branch, and the name of the variety is marked on the label; cutting branches and thin and weak branches with unobvious variety characteristics on the big branches where the marked branches are located, cutting blind bud parts on the upper parts of the marked branches, erasing flowers and flower buds on the marked branches, and concentrating nutrients on leaf buds to germinate;

(5) in 2018, in 6 months, cutting robust branches which sprout from the upper part of the marking plate on the marked branches to be used as scion branches, carrying out bud grafting and seedling raising, and marking the grafted cells;

(6) in 12 months in 2018, the annual seedlings of the five-treasure peaches obtained by grafting and propagation are separately planted in a seedling raising base, the plant spacing is 2 meters, and the row spacing is 3 meters;

(7) in the last 4 th of 2020, when the 'Wubao' peach blooms, the 'Wubao' peach seedlings are further identified according to the blossoming condition of the 'Wubao' peach seedlings, and the typical single plant of the characteristic characteristics of the variety reaches 92 percent;

(8) removing single plants with single flower color and missing flower color, only keeping the single plants with typical variety characteristics, and breeding to obtain the 'five-treasure' peach seedlings, wherein the single plants with typical variety characteristic characteristics reach 100%.

Aiming at the genetic mechanism and the expression characteristics of the peach blossom multicolor flower, the invention adopts five times of continuous impurity removal and purity preservation:

1. selecting the ear-picking stock plant, namely removing single plants with 'flower color loss' and 'polarity development', and only keeping single plants with typical variety characteristic characteristics;

2. managing the scion stock plant, namely removing 'flower color missing branches' and 'polar branches' on the scion stock plant, and only keeping branches with typical variety characteristic on the scion stock plant;

3. label-hanging marking, pruning and sprouting-selecting branch label-hanging marking and pruning with typical variety characteristic during blooming;

through the technical measures of removing impurities and keeping the purity, a solid foundation is laid for scion branches with typical variety characteristic characteristics obtained by shearing during grafting;

4. selecting buds for grafting, namely only cutting branches which sprout from the branches marked by the hanging tag to serve as scion branches, and ensuring that the scion branches used for grafting are all branches with typical variety characteristic characteristics;

5. and (3) identifying the flowering phase, namely grafting the obtained nursery stock, removing single plants with missing flower colors (single color and less color) in the flowering phase, and only keeping the single plants with typical variety characteristic performance.

According to the invention, through the 'five-time continuous impurity removal and purity preservation', each seedling is ensured to be a multiple-color peach seedling with typical variety characteristic.

Claims

1. A breeding method of multi-color peach blossom seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selection of the ear-picking stock plant: selecting a single plant with a typical flower type, flower color and flower color embedded form of the variety from the existing multi-color peach flower variety as a scion stock plant, planting the plant in a place with sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage, and daily enhancing fertilizer and water management and pest control to ensure that the plant grows robustly;

(2) cultivating and managing the scion stock plant: when the flower is bloomed in spring, cutting out branches with single flower color and branches with missing flower color, wherein the branches with missing flower color refer to the branches with reduced flower color number compared with the characteristic of the variety;

(3) marking by hanging cards: when peach blossoms are in the beginning of blooming in spring, selecting branches with typical variety characteristic characteristics on scion stock plants which are robust in growth and development and typical in variety characteristic expression, namely selecting branches with each flower or flower bud being in multiple colors, hanging a label on the base of each branch, and indicating the name of the variety on the label;

(4) pruning and promoting buds: after the tagging is finished, immediately cutting off branches and thin and weak branches with unobvious variety characteristics on big branches where the marked branches are located, cutting off blind bud parts on the upper parts of the marked branches, and erasing flowers and flower buds on the marked branches to enable nutrients to be concentrated on leaf bud germination;

(5) selecting buds for grafting: in 6-7 months of the current year, cutting a branch growing out of the upper part of the label on the marked branch to be used as a scion, carrying out bud grafting, and marking the grafted cell; lifting seedlings after leaves fall in autumn, removing the grafting film, and planting the seedlings in a nursery;

(6) and (3) flowering phase identification: and (3) identifying the multi-color peach blossom nursery stock obtained by grafting according to the flower color expression of the peach blossom nursery stock when the peach blossom nursery stock blooms for the first time, removing single plants with single flower color and missing flower color, and only keeping single plants with typical variety characteristic expression, wherein the single plants with typical variety characteristic expression are single plants with the same flower type, flower color and flower color embedding form as the original variety.