CN113277852B - 一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113277852B
CN113277852B CN202110560043.5A CN202110560043A CN113277852B CN 113277852 B CN113277852 B CN 113277852B CN 202110560043 A CN202110560043 A CN 202110560043A CN 113277852 B CN113277852 B CN 113277852B
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劳新斌
徐笑阳
涂治
江伟辉
梁健
吴倩
虞澎澎
苗立锋
包镇红
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Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括基料和结合剂,所述基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉10~30wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料70~90wt%;所述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO15~22wt%、Al2O320~25wt%、SiO256~60wt%、Li2O1~3wt%;所述氧化预处理碳化硅骨料为碳化硅骨料在1000~1100℃温度下氧化处理1~2h制得;所述结合剂的用量为基料的8~12wt%。此外,还公开了上述堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法。本发明以堇青石基微晶玻璃为烧结助剂,通过在基体中原位合成的方式添加堇青石晶体,不仅提供了一种低温烧结助剂,而且获得了致密度高、烧结温度低的碳化硅陶瓷材料,对于提高碳化硅陶瓷材料的品质、以及节约产品成本具有重要意义,有利于推广应用和行业技术的进步与发展。

Description

一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅具有极佳的抗热震性、导热性、机械性能和化学稳定性,但碳化硅是共价化合物,具有烧结困难的缺点,在低温下很难烧结,它的烧结温度通常高于1800℃。为提高碳化硅的致密度,降低其烧结温度,添加一些易生成液相的结合剂是常用的手段。目前常用的结合剂为莫来石、堇青石、氧化铝等,其中,莫来石和氧化铝的热膨胀系数较高,它们的加入不可避免地提高了材料的热膨胀系数,而且它们本身的烧结温度较高,所以烧结性能不佳。堇青石的热膨胀系数小,但直接添加堇青石,其烧结效果也并不优良。
由于堇青石基微晶玻璃兼具了液相生成温度低和热膨胀系数小的优点,并且它的热膨胀系数可通过调控晶体的数量进行调整,因此可作为性能优良的烧结助剂。然而,目前国内外学者报道的均是在较高的温度段烧结,由于升温过程中堇青石晶体已析出,减少了液相的含量,并不利于液相烧结,因此需要开发能低温烧结的堇青石基微晶玻璃结合剂,以利于提高碳化硅陶瓷材料的性能。迄今为止,尚未有用于低温烧结碳化硅的堇青石基微晶玻璃结合剂报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,采用一种低温生成液相、低膨胀的堇青石基微晶玻璃作为烧结助剂,以便通过原位合成方式引入堇青石,而获得致密度高、烧结温度低的碳化硅陶瓷材料。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括基料和结合剂,所述基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉10~30wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料70~90wt%;所述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO 15~22wt%、Al2O320~25wt%、SiO256~60wt%、Li2O 1~3wt%;所述氧化预处理碳化硅骨料为碳化硅骨料在1000~1100℃温度下氧化处理1~2h制得;所述结合剂的用量为基料的8~12wt%。
进一步地,本发明所述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的粒度为10~75μm,所述碳化硅骨料的粒度为30~325目。
上述方案中,本发明所述结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的上述堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照所述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成配比进行混合后,置于电炉中熔制成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液倒入水中淬冷得到玻璃块,经球磨得到堇青石基微晶玻璃粉;
(2)将所述基料按照配比混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀,然后进行压制成型、干燥,得到生坯;
(3)所述生坯采用两段式烧结,即在800~900℃保温3~5h,再升温至1050~1200℃析晶保温1~3h,然后自然冷却至室温,即制得堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料。
进一步地,本发明制备方法所述步骤(1)中熔制温度为1500~1600℃,熔制时间为2~3h。所述步骤(2)中干燥后的生坯其水分含量<1%。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用易形成液相的堇青石基微晶玻璃作为碳化硅陶瓷的烧结助剂,利用镁铝硅系统玻璃易生成液相的特性,既有助于陶瓷内部气孔的排除,又能使碳化硅骨料容易在液相的作用下达到颗粒重排的效果,实现降低其烧结温度的目的。
(2)本发明解决了原本较高的烧结温度导致升温过程中堇青石晶体析出减少液相含量的问题。通常来说,堇青石基微晶玻璃极易在1000~1100℃析出晶体,而且玻璃粉末的界面加剧了这一效应,晶体的析出导致了液相含量的减少,并增大了液相的粘度,导致烧结效果不佳。通过调整玻璃的组成使堇青石基微晶玻璃低温(在玻璃转化点附近)形成液相,则可以有效地解决以上问题。
(3)本发明解决了碳化硅骨料与堇青石基微晶玻璃化学不相容的问题。碳化硅为共价键化合物,与以离子键为主的氧化物玻璃相容性差,为改善碳化硅骨料与堇青石基微晶玻璃的化学相容性,通过对碳化硅骨料预氧化的处理,使其表面生成一层二氧化硅膜,从而解决了碳化硅与玻璃化学相容性差的问题。
(4)本发明工艺简单、烧成温度低,并且对于提高碳化硅陶瓷材料的品质、以及节约产品成本具有重要意义,因而具有广阔的市场前景,有利于推广应用和行业技术的进步与发展。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述:
图1是本发明实施例所制得的堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷的断面显微结构图(扫描电镜二次电子像)。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
1、本实施例一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉(粒度75μm)30wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料70wt%(为碳化硅骨料在1000℃温度下氧化处理2h制得,其中粒度30目的30wt%、粒度80目的10wt%、粒度120目的10wt%、粒度325目的20wt%)。其中,堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO 17wt%、Al2O322 wt%、SiO260 wt%、Li2O 1wt%。结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的8wt%。
2、本实施例堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按照上述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成配比进行混合后,置于电炉中在1600℃温度下保温2h熔制成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液倒入水中淬冷得到玻璃块,经球磨得到堇青石基微晶玻璃粉;
(2)将上述基料按照配比混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀,然后进行压制成型、在110℃温度下干燥,得到生坯(入窑水分<1%);
(3)上述生坯采用两段式烧结,即在850℃保温4h,再升温至1050℃析出晶体保温3h,然后自然冷却至室温,即制得堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料。
实施例二:
1、本实施例一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉(粒度35μm)20wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料80wt%(为碳化硅骨料在1100℃温度下氧化处理1h制得,其中粒度30目的40wt%、粒度50目的10wt%、粒度200目的10wt%、粒度325目的20wt%)。其中,堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO 15wt%、Al2O325 wt%、SiO257 wt%、Li2O 3wt%。结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的12wt%。
2、本实施例堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按照上述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成配比进行混合后,置于电炉中在1600℃温度下保温3h熔制成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液倒入水中淬冷得到玻璃块,经球磨得到堇青石基微晶玻璃粉;
(2)将上述基料按照配比混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀,然后进行压制成型、在110℃温度下干燥,得到生坯(入窑水分<1%);
(3)上述生坯采用两段式烧结,即在900℃保温5h,再升温至1100℃析出晶体保温3h,然后自然冷却至室温,即制得堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料。
实施例三:
1、本实施例一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉(粒度10μm)5wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料95wt%(为碳化硅骨料在1000℃温度下氧化处理2h制得,其中粒度30目的35wt%、粒度60目的10wt%、粒度120目的10wt%、粒度325目的40wt%)。其中,堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO 18wt%、Al2O325 wt%、SiO256 wt%、Li2O 1wt%。结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的10wt%。
2、本实施例堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按照上述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成配比进行混合后,置于电炉中在1550℃温度下保温3h熔制成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液倒入水中淬冷得到玻璃块,经球磨得到堇青石基微晶玻璃粉;
(2)将上述基料按照配比混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀,然后进行压制成型、在110℃温度下干燥,得到生坯(入窑水分<1%);
(3)上述生坯采用两段式烧结,即在800℃保温5h,再升温至1200℃析出晶体保温2h,然后自然冷却至室温,即制得堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料。
实施例四:
1、本实施例一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉(粒度20μm)10wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料90wt%(为碳化硅骨料在1050℃温度下氧化处理2h制得,其中粒度30目的40wt%、粒度100目的20wt%、粒度200目的10wt%、粒度325目的20wt%)。其中,堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO22wt%、Al2O320 wt%、SiO256 wt%、Li2O 2wt%。结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的8wt%。
2、本实施例堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按照上述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成配比进行混合后,置于电炉中在1550℃温度下保温3h熔制成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液倒入水中淬冷得到玻璃块,经球磨得到堇青石基微晶玻璃粉;
(2)将上述基料按照配比混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀,然后进行压制成型、在110℃温度下干燥,得到生坯(入窑水分<1%);
(3)上述生坯采用两段式烧结,即在850℃保温3h,再升温至1150℃析出晶体保温1h,然后自然冷却至室温,即制得堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料。
如图1所示,本发明实施例制得的堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料,堇青石微晶玻璃包裹碳化硅颗粒,能够起到降低烧结温度、提高致密度(吸水率降低至4%以下)和体积稳定性的作用。

Claims (2)

1.一种堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:采用的基料的组成为堇青石基微晶玻璃粉10~30 wt%、氧化预处理碳化硅骨料70~90 wt%;所述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成为MgO 15~22 wt%、Al2O3 20~25 wt%、SiO2 56~60 wt%、Li2O 1~3 wt%;所述氧化预处理碳化硅骨料为粒度30~325目的碳化硅骨料在1000~1100℃温度下氧化处理1~2h制得;制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1) 按照所述堇青石基微晶玻璃粉的组成配比进行混合后,置于电炉中熔制成玻璃液,然后将玻璃液倒入水中淬冷得到玻璃块,经球磨得到粒度为10~75 μm的堇青石基微晶玻璃粉;
(2) 将所述基料按照配比混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀,结合剂为浓度5 wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的8~12 wt%;然后进行压制成型、干燥,得到水分含量<1%的生坯;
(3) 所述生坯采用两段式烧结,即在800~900℃保温3~5h,有助于陶瓷内部气孔的排除,并且使碳化硅骨料在液相的作用下达到颗粒重排;再升温至1050~1200℃析晶保温1~3h,然后自然冷却至室温,即制得吸水率为4%以下的堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的堇青石基微晶玻璃结合碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中熔制温度为1500~1600℃,熔制时间为2~3h。
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