CN113243263A - Artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113243263A CN113243263A CN202110623245.XA CN202110623245A CN113243263A CN 113243263 A CN113243263 A CN 113243263A CN 202110623245 A CN202110623245 A CN 202110623245A CN 113243263 A CN113243263 A CN 113243263A
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- seedbed
- soil
- pepper seeds
- seedlings
- film
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the field of pepper planting, and provides an artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds, which comprises the steps of paving soil for seedling cultivation in a seedbed prepared in advance; spraying a layer of fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil for seedling culture; soaking in warm water for accelerating germination; pricking holes, seed losing and soil covering are carried out on the surface of the seedbed; covering the seedbed with a transparent plastic film; when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the film is elevated; watering the seedbed when the seedbed is white; arranging seedlings when more than two true leaves appear in the seedlings; when the true leaves reach 5-8 pieces, transplantation is started. The whole cultivation method has complete steps, and by means of warm water soaking before sowing, soil sterilization and disinfection, fertilizer covering, intermittent film covering, water spraying and the like, the growth environment of the pepper seeds in the planting process is ensured, and rot, diseases and the like in the germination process of the pepper seeds are reduced. The planting personnel only need to execute according to the method, the germination rate of the pepper seeds is higher, and the operation data is accurate and executable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to an artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds.
Background
Capsicum annuum belongs to Solanaceae, and is a perennial herb of one year or limited. The stem is nearly hairless or slightly velvety, and the branches are slightly bent in a zigzag manner. The leaves are intertriginous, the top nodes of the branches do not extend to form a twinning or cluster shape, the rectangular round oval shape, the oval shape or the oval shape is in a needle shape, the edges are all, the top ends are short and gradually sharp or sharp, and the base parts are in a narrow wedge shape; the flowers are single and drooping; calyx is cupped, and 5 teeth are not obvious; white corolla, split oval; the anther is grayish purple. The fruit stalks are thicker and drooping; the fruits are long finger-shaped, the top is tapered and often bent, green when immature, red, orange or purplish red after mature, spicy. The seeds are flat kidney-shaped and light yellow. In the seedling raising process of the pepper, the germination rate of seeds is often too low, the germination period of the seeds is longer, and seedlings are thin and weak.
Therefore, in order to ensure the germination rate of the seeds, the seeds are usually artificially cultured, and after the seeds germinate and the pepper seedlings grow to a certain stage, the pepper seedlings are transplanted to a field for large-area planting. But the seed emergence rate is low because the steps are not perfect and the performability is not strong.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds, and aims to solve the problems of low seed emergence rate caused by incomplete steps and low performability of the conventional cultivation method.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the artificial cultivation method of the pepper seeds comprises the following steps:
laying soil for seedling culture in a seedling bed prepared in advance;
spraying a layer of fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil for seedling culture, and drying in the sun;
before sowing, soaking in warm water for accelerating germination, and maintaining the water temperature at 20-28 ℃;
fully watering soil for seedling culture, and trowelling the surface of a soil layer;
pricking holes with the depth of 0.5-1.5cm on the surface of the seedbed, throwing the pepper seeds into the holes, and covering soil;
then, the fine soil layer on the surface layer is watered to be wet again, and after water is collected, the seedbed is covered with a transparent plastic film;
maintaining the temperature around the seedbed at 23-28 deg.C;
when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the film is elevated;
when the seedbed is white, the seedlings shrink and are not tall and straight, and the seedlings are in a 'low head' state, watering the seedbed;
when more than two true leaves appear in the seedlings in the seedbed, thinning or arranging the seedlings, wherein the distance between the seedlings is maintained at 6-15 cm;
transplanting the seedlings in large area until the seedlings are thick and strong and the number of true leaves reaches 5-8.
Preferably, the soil for raising seedlings is laid in a previously prepared seedbed, and before this step, the method further comprises:
preparing soil for seedling culture, grinding the soil for seedling culture, and sieving;
sterilizing and disinfecting the soil for seedling cultivation, and killing the insect and pest eggs and grass seeds hidden in the soil for seedling cultivation.
Preferably, the sterilization and disinfection mode can be selected from insolation, ultraviolet irradiation and high-temperature heating.
Preferably, the fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing and sieving decomposed farmyard manure and river soil.
Preferably, the punching is performed on the surface of the seedbed, the depth of the hole is 0.5-1.5cm, pepper seeds are thrown into the hole, and soil covering is performed, wherein in the step, the soil covering specifically comprises the following steps:
covering a layer of fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash on the surface of the seedbed, wherein the height of the fine soil layer is 0.5-1cm, and covering the deep hole where the seed is located.
Preferably, when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the thin film is subjected to an elevating treatment, and in this step, the elevating treatment is specifically:
using a rod with supporting capacity to elevate the thin film, so that the thin film is 0.5-0.8 m away from the surface of the soil layer;
in sunny days, the film is opened in the daytime and covered at night;
in the cloudy day, the film is not opened for a long time, but the inside of the film is ventilated.
Preferably, when the seedbed is white, the seedlings are not tall and erect in shrinkage and the seedlings are low in head, the step of watering the seedbed is also provided in parallel with the steps of:
watering is not needed in non-sunny days;
in the weather of the temperature lower than 20 ℃, the temperature of the environment around the seedbed is required to be raised, so that the temperature around the seedbed is maintained at 25-30 ℃.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the seedbed is supplemented with light, so that the illumination time of the seedbed reaches 10-16 hours every day.
The artificial cultivation method for the pepper seeds provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the whole cultivation method is complete in steps, the growth environment of the pepper seeds in the planting process is ensured, and the rottenness, diseases and the like in the germination process of the pepper seeds are reduced by means of warm water soaking before sowing, soil sterilization and disinfection, fertilizer coverage, intermittent film covering, water sprinkling and the like. The planting personnel only need to execute according to the method, the germination rate of the pepper seeds is higher, and the operation data is accurate and executable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
step 1: preparing soil for seedling raising, grinding the soil for seedling raising and sieving.
Step 2: sterilizing and disinfecting the soil for seedling cultivation, and killing the insect and pest eggs and grass seeds hidden in the soil for seedling cultivation. The sterilization and disinfection mode is selected by insolation.
And step 3: soil for raising seedlings is laid in a seedling bed prepared in advance.
And 4, step 4: and (3) spraying a layer of fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil for seedling culture, and drying in the sun. The fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing and sieving decomposed farmyard manure and river soil. Provides nutrients for the germination and growth of pepper seeds.
And 5: before sowing, soaking in warm water for accelerating germination, and maintaining the water temperature at 20 ℃. The seeds are soaked in warm water to accelerate germination, and cannot germinate at low temperature. The seeds are preferably sterilized before planting, and the diseases such as damping-off, virus diseases and the like can be reduced by using befenacin, zinc sulfate for dilution or warm water sterilization at 60 ℃.
Step 6: fully watering soil for seedling culture, and smoothing the surface of a soil layer.
And 7: pricking holes with the depth of 0.5cm on the surface of the seedbed, and throwing the pepper seeds into the holes.
And 8: covering a layer of fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash on the surface of the seedbed, wherein the height of the fine soil layer is 0.5cm, and covering the deep hole where the seed is located. The seeds are planted and cut not too deeply, and the seeds will not germinate too deeply.
And step 9: then, the fine soil layer on the surface layer is watered to be wet again, and after water is collected, the seedbed is covered with a transparent plastic film;
step 10: the temperature around the seedbed was maintained between 23 ℃. Waiting for the seeds to germinate, during which the plastic film can be opened for aeration, sufficient air being a necessary condition for germination.
Step 11: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the film is elevated.
Step 12: the membrane was elevated using a pole with support capability such that the membrane was 0.5 meters from the surface of the soil layer.
Step 13: in sunny days, the film is opened in the daytime and covered at night; in the cloudy day, the film is not opened for a long time, but the inside of the film is ventilated.
Step 14: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the seedbed is supplemented with light, so that the illumination time of the seedbed per day reaches 10 hours. The seeds do not need light for germination, but the seeds need to be kept in sunshine or artificial light for 10-16 hours a day when the seeds begin to germinate.
Step 15: when the seedbed is white, the seedlings shrink and are not tall and straight, and the seedlings are in a 'low head' state, watering the seedbed; watering is not needed in non-sunny days; in the weather of a temperature lower than 20 ℃, the temperature of the environment around the bed is required to be raised so that the temperature around the bed is maintained at 25 ℃.
After seedling emergence, the film is uncovered at 9 am on a sunny day, the film is still covered at 4 pm, ventilation is performed as much as possible in a rainy day, seedling withering is found, the soil in the bed is white, watering is needed in time, the watering time is set at 9 am and 1-2 pm, and the seedling is checked once in two hours after watering, if the local part is still dry, water is supplemented, so that the seedling grows uniformly. In rainy days and frozen days, the bed temperature is reduced due to excessive humidity, watering is not needed, diseases are easy to generate, and in snowy days, an electric lamp can be arranged in the bed to be favorable for cold protection and seedling protection, a grass window can be covered, and a layer of film is covered on the grass window.
Step 16: and when more than two true leaves appear in the seedlings in the seedbed, thinning or arranging the seedlings, wherein the distance between the seedlings is maintained at 6 cm.
And step 17: until the seedlings are strong and the number of the true leaves reaches 5, the seedlings are transplanted in a large area.
Example 2:
step 1: preparing soil for seedling raising, grinding the soil for seedling raising and sieving.
Step 2: sterilizing and disinfecting the soil for seedling cultivation, and killing the insect and pest eggs and grass seeds hidden in the soil for seedling cultivation. The sterilization and disinfection mode adopts ultraviolet light.
And step 3: soil for raising seedlings is laid in a seedling bed prepared in advance.
And 4, step 4: and (3) spraying a layer of fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil for seedling culture, and drying in the sun. The fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing and sieving decomposed farmyard manure and river soil.
And 5: before sowing, soaking in warm water for accelerating germination, and maintaining the water temperature at 28 ℃. The seeds are soaked in warm water to accelerate germination, and cannot germinate at low temperature. The seeds are preferably sterilized before planting, and the diseases such as damping-off, virus diseases and the like can be reduced by using befenacin, zinc sulfate for dilution or warm water sterilization at 60 ℃.
Step 6: fully watering soil for seedling culture, and smoothing the surface of a soil layer.
And 7: pricking holes with the depth of 1.5cm on the surface of the seedbed, and throwing the pepper seeds into the holes.
And 8: covering a layer of fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash on the surface of the seedbed, wherein the height of the fine soil layer is 1cm, and covering the deep hole where the seed is located.
And step 9: then the fine soil layer on the surface layer is watered again, and after water is collected, the seedbed is covered with a transparent plastic film.
Step 10: the temperature around the seedbed was maintained at 28 ℃. Waiting for the seeds to germinate, during which the plastic film can be opened for aeration, sufficient air being a necessary condition for germination.
Step 11: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the film is elevated.
Step 12: the membrane was elevated using a pole with support capability such that the membrane was 0.8 meters from the surface of the soil layer.
Step 13: in sunny days, the film is opened in the daytime and covered at night; in the cloudy day, the film is not opened for a long time, but the inside of the film is ventilated.
Step 14: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the seedbed is supplemented with light, so that the illumination time of the seedbed per day reaches 16 hours.
Step 15: when the seedbed is white, the seedlings shrink and are not tall and straight, and the seedlings are in a 'low head' state, watering the seedbed; watering is not needed in non-sunny days; in the weather of a temperature lower than 20 ℃, the temperature of the environment around the bed is required to be raised so that the temperature around the bed is maintained at 30 ℃.
Step 16: and when more than two true leaves appear in the seedlings in the seedbed, thinning or arranging the seedlings, wherein the distance between the seedlings is maintained at 15 cm.
And step 17: until the seedlings are strong and the number of true leaves reaches 8, the seedlings are transplanted in a large area.
Example 3:
step 1: preparing soil for seedling raising, grinding the soil for seedling raising and sieving.
Step 2: sterilizing and disinfecting the soil for seedling cultivation, and killing the insect and pest eggs and grass seeds hidden in the soil for seedling cultivation. The sterilization and disinfection mode adopts high-temperature heating.
And step 3: soil for raising seedlings is laid in a seedling bed prepared in advance.
And 4, step 4: and (3) spraying a layer of fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil for seedling culture, and drying in the sun. The fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing and sieving decomposed farmyard manure and river soil.
And 5: before sowing, soaking in warm water for accelerating germination, and maintaining the water temperature at 25 ℃. The seeds are soaked in warm water to accelerate germination, and cannot germinate at low temperature. The seeds are preferably sterilized before planting, and the diseases such as damping-off, virus diseases and the like can be reduced by using befenacin, zinc sulfate for dilution or warm water sterilization at 60 ℃.
Step 6: fully watering soil for seedling culture, and smoothing the surface of a soil layer.
And 7: pricking holes with the depth of 1cm on the surface of the seedbed, and throwing the pepper seeds into the holes.
And 8: covering a layer of fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash on the surface of the seedbed, wherein the height of the fine soil layer is 0.5cm, and covering the deep hole where the seed is located.
And step 9: then, the fine soil layer on the surface layer is watered to be wet again, and after water is collected, the seedbed is covered with a transparent plastic film;
step 10: the temperature around the seedbed was maintained between 25 ℃. Waiting for the seeds to germinate, during which the plastic film can be opened for aeration, sufficient air being a necessary condition for germination.
Step 11: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the film is elevated.
Step 12: the membrane was elevated using a pole with support capability such that the membrane was 0.5 meters from the surface of the soil layer.
Step 13: in sunny days, the film is opened in the daytime and covered at night; in the cloudy day, the film is not opened for a long time, but the inside of the film is ventilated.
Step 14: when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the seedbed is supplemented with light, so that the illumination time of the seedbed per day reaches 12 hours.
Step 15: when the seedbed is white, the seedlings shrink and are not tall and straight, and the seedlings are in a 'low head' state, watering the seedbed; watering is not needed in non-sunny days; in the weather of a temperature lower than 20 ℃, the temperature of the environment around the bed is required to be raised so that the temperature around the bed is maintained at 28 ℃.
Step 16: and when more than two true leaves appear in the seedlings in the seedbed, thinning or arranging the seedlings, wherein the distance between the seedlings is maintained at 10 cm.
And step 17: until the seedlings are strong and the number of the true leaves reaches 6, the seedlings are transplanted in a large area.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. An artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
laying soil for seedling culture in a seedling bed prepared in advance;
spraying a layer of fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil for seedling culture, and drying in the sun;
before sowing, soaking in warm water for accelerating germination, and maintaining the water temperature at 20-28 ℃;
fully watering soil for seedling culture, and trowelling the surface of a soil layer;
pricking holes with the depth of 0.5-1.5cm on the surface of the seedbed, throwing the pepper seeds into the holes, and covering soil;
then, the fine soil layer on the surface layer is watered to be wet again, and after water is collected, the seedbed is covered with a transparent plastic film;
maintaining the temperature around the seedbed at 23-28 deg.C;
when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the film is elevated;
when the seedbed is white, the seedlings shrink and are not tall and straight, and the seedlings are in a 'low head' state, watering the seedbed;
when more than two true leaves appear in the seedlings in the seedbed, thinning or arranging the seedlings, wherein the distance between the seedlings is maintained at 6-15 cm;
transplanting the seedlings in large area until the seedlings are thick and strong and the number of true leaves reaches 5-8.
2. The artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil for raising seedlings is laid in a previously prepared seedbed, and before this step, the method further comprises:
preparing soil for seedling culture, grinding the soil for seedling culture, and sieving;
sterilizing and disinfecting the soil for seedling cultivation, and killing the insect and pest eggs and grass seeds hidden in the soil for seedling cultivation.
3. The artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sterilization and disinfection method can be selected from the group consisting of exposure to the sun, ultraviolet irradiation, and high temperature heating.
4. The artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure and river mud mixed and sieved.
5. The artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holes are punctured on the surface of the seedbed with a depth of 0.5-1.5cm, pepper seeds are dropped into the holes, and soil is covered, wherein in the step, the soil is specifically:
covering a layer of fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash on the surface of the seedbed, wherein the height of the fine soil layer is 0.5-1cm, and covering the deep hole where the seed is located.
6. The artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the film is subjected to an elevating treatment when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to bud, in which the elevating treatment is specifically:
using a rod with supporting capacity to elevate the thin film, so that the thin film is 0.5-0.8 m away from the surface of the soil layer;
in sunny days, the film is opened in the daytime and covered at night;
in the cloudy day, the film is not opened for a long time, but the inside of the film is ventilated.
7. An artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps of watering the seedbed in parallel with the steps of the seedbed becoming white, the seedlings shrinking and not tall and straight, and the seedlings falling down are further:
watering is not needed in non-sunny days;
in the weather of the temperature lower than 20 ℃, the temperature of the environment around the seedbed is required to be raised, so that the temperature around the seedbed is maintained at 25-30 ℃.
8. A method for artificially cultivating pepper seeds as claimed in any of the claims 1-7, wherein the method comprises:
when the pepper seeds in the seedbed begin to sprout, the seedbed is supplemented with light, so that the illumination time of the seedbed reaches 10-16 hours every day.
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| CN202110623245.XA CN113243263A (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds |
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| CN202110623245.XA CN113243263A (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Artificial cultivation method of pepper seeds |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541815A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-29 | 遵义市大桥种养专业合作社 | High-yield cultivation technique of peppers |
| CN105660216A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-15 | 衢州中恒农业科技有限公司 | Technology for culturing hot pepper seedlings by applying LED plant lamps |
| CN105815058A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-08-03 | 冒玉兰 | Rapid seedling growing method of greenhouse hot peppers |
| CN110876328A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 桃江县源益农业综合开发有限公司 | Cultivation and planting method for pepper seedling |
| CN111448903A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | Light-controlled pepper seedling growing method and illumination equipment |
-
2021
- 2021-06-04 CN CN202110623245.XA patent/CN113243263A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541815A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-29 | 遵义市大桥种养专业合作社 | High-yield cultivation technique of peppers |
| CN105815058A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-08-03 | 冒玉兰 | Rapid seedling growing method of greenhouse hot peppers |
| CN105660216A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-15 | 衢州中恒农业科技有限公司 | Technology for culturing hot pepper seedlings by applying LED plant lamps |
| CN110876328A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 桃江县源益农业综合开发有限公司 | Cultivation and planting method for pepper seedling |
| CN111448903A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | Light-controlled pepper seedling growing method and illumination equipment |
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| 王俊国: "辣椒无公害高效栽培技术", 吉林蔬菜, no. 6, pages 24 - 25 * |
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