CN1132415A - 太阳能电池元件组,太阳能电池组件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

太阳能电池元件组,太阳能电池组件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1132415A
CN1132415A CN95118748A CN95118748A CN1132415A CN 1132415 A CN1132415 A CN 1132415A CN 95118748 A CN95118748 A CN 95118748A CN 95118748 A CN95118748 A CN 95118748A CN 1132415 A CN1132415 A CN 1132415A
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都筑幸司
井上胜彦
高田健司
竹山祥文
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Abstract

通过用金属箔件以串联或并联方式连接多个太阳能电池元件而获得太阳能电池元件组,其特征在于,把绝缘带以与金属箔件相平行的方式粘贴在和跨于多个相互靠近排列的太阳能电池元件的背面。一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,使上述的太阳能电池元件覆盖以聚合有机树脂。还有,一种制造该太阳能电池组件的方法包括以下各步骤:排列多个太阳能电池元件、把绝缘带粘贴在多个太阳能电池元件、用金属箔件以串联或并联方式连接多个太阳能电池,以及用聚合有机树脂覆盖各元件。

Description

太阳能电池元件组、太阳能电池 组件及其制造方法
本发明关于一组太阳能电池元件、太阳能电池组件及其制造方法。特别是,本发明涉及一组太阳能电池元件,其中把绝缘带状条与金属箔件平行固定在和跨于互相靠近安装的太阳能电池元件的背面,还涉及太阳能电池组件及其制造方法。
迄今,曾作为主要电能来源的热能的产生电包含为防止全球变暖的问题。所以,近来要求获得一种有较少的CO2释放量的能源。另一方面应指出的是,核发电虽没有释放CO2却含有放射性物质的严重环境污染。从这个方面来说,迅速发展无污染且安全的能源正是迫切的要求。
在有希望的清洁能源中,根据太阳能电池的清洁性、安全性和加工的容易度而给予重视。
各种各样的太阳能电池中,非晶硅太阳能电池在转换效率上虽不及结晶硅太阳能电池,但有结晶硅太阳能电池不能企及的优点,例如容易组成大面积电池,并且由于有大的光吸收系数能以薄膜方式运作,因而是一种有前途的太阳能电池。
通常,备用电池的太阳能电池常采取多个串接的太阳能电池元件,因为单个太阳能电池不能提供足够的输出电压。另外,为增大电流量,也采用各太阳能电池元件相互并联的方法,某些情况下也有采用既串联又并联的方法。
图7A-7C是一种常规太阳能电池组件的串联示意图。图7A表示串联前的情况而图7C则表示串联后的情况。还有,图7B是图7A沿7B-7B的剖面图。
图7A-7C中,标号700是指太阳能电池元件,各元件的每一个都依次在衬底701上形成下电极层702、半导体层703和上电极层704。
这样安排这些太阳能电池元件700的每一个,除去上电极层704的部分(705)以便实现上电极704与下电极702之间的完全电分离,然后,形成集流板706,就是上电极704的收集电极,随后在该集流极706上安装汇流条电极707,就是集流极706的进一步收集电极,并且用导电胶708把集流极706与汇流条电极707互相进行电连接,于是获得从上电极704来的引线电极。
为了在汇流条电极707与衬底701确实进行电隔离,而在太阳能电池元件700的端面与汇流条电极707之间提供绝缘带709。粘附住绝缘带状条709,以便盖住随后待连接到汇流条电极707的串联件处(特别是各元件端的边缘部位)能达到接触下电极702,因而保证电隔离。
接着,完成从下电极的电路线如下。为稍后串联起见,在各太阳能电池元件700的导电衬底701的部分用机械方法曝露而形成部分710。此后,安装各连接件720,如图7C所示,以便使太阳能电池元件700的汇流条电极707与靠近太阳能电池元件700的下电极的露出部分710重叠。并且用焊料将重叠部串联起来。
最后,以乙烯-乙烯基醋酸酯(EVA)的填料作为保护材料密封这样串联成的一组太阳能电池元件700,于是完成太阳能电池组件。
但是,加工太阳能电池组件要很小心,例如当其中串联十个或几个太阳电池元件时,虽然对于3个串联电池的太阳能电池组,亦即由三个太阳能电池元件作成串联接的组件作为常规的说明例的情况下不会产生麻烦。
更详细地说,当串联完成后将元件组移送到工艺线下一道步骤时,或者当要从背面引出末端头而翻转该元件组时,几乎所有应力都落在加工元件组的连接件720上,其结果产生下述问题。
(1)由于连接件720牢固地与汇流条电极707连接,所以该应力都转移到汇流条电极707。如果该应力变成为超过导电胶708的固定力,则汇流条电极707便从太阳能电池元件上剥离。
(2)该应力能弯屈连接件720且在连接件720中形成折痕。结果,当对太阳能电池组件施加反复弯曲的应力时,应力便集中于该折痕部分,会立即或稍后断开它。
如果连接件720由很坚固的材料制成,能挺得值应力,就可能没有上述的问题。然而,该连接件720在此情况下应有一定厚度的形状。这会产生另一个问题,当以后用填料密封太阳能电池元件700时,连接件的台阶部分会形成气泡。
本发明的目的是提供一种低成本、易加工及高可靠性的太阳能电池元件组、太阳能电池组件及其制造方法,以克服上述缺点。
根据本发明的太阳能电池元件组,它是由金属箔件串联或并联多个太阳能电池元件而得到的太阳能电池元件组,其中绝缘带与该金属箔件以平行方式固定在或跨于多个互相靠近排列的太阳能电池元件的背面。
根据本发明的太阳能电池元件组,其特征在于,该绝缘带包括从聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯和聚丙烯中选出的任何一种基料。
还有,根据本发明的太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,它是由聚合的有机树脂覆盖的太阳能电池元件组。
还有,一种制造根据本发明的太阳能电池组件的方法,它是制造太阳能组件的方法,它包括一个排列多个太阳能电池元件的步骤,一个把绝缘带固定在多个太阳能电池元件上的步骤、一个用金属箔件以串或并方式连接多个太阳能电池元件的步骤,以及用聚合的有机树脂覆盖该太阳能电池元件的步骤。
图1A、1B和1C是根据实施例1的太阳能电池元件组的示意图;
图2A和2B是表示本发明的连接件功能的示意图;
图3是表示根据本发明的聚合有机树脂的基本结构的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的太阳能电池元件的示意图;
图5是根据实施例2与比较例2的太阳能电池组中,表示在反复折弯循环数与转换效率之间的关系曲线图;
图6A至6C是根据实施例3的太阳能电池组件的示意图;以及
图7A至7C是根据常规例的太阳能电池组件和各太阳能电池元件的示意图。
下面将说明本发明的各个实施例。
(太阳能电池组)
一个用于本发明的太阳能电池元件组的实施例是图2A和2B所示之一。图2A和2B表示出两个彼此靠近由连接件连接的太阳能电池元件。图2A表示叠层前的状态而图2B是叠层后的状态。
在图2A中,两太阳能电池元件200和210其间留适当间隙安置,且太阳能电池元件200的集流极(上电极)201与相邻的太阳能电池元件210的衬底侧(下电极)用连接件202通过焊料203以串联连接。将绝缘带204固定在和跨于两个太阳能电池元件的背面。这种情况下,该连接件取线条状。
一种用于本发明的太阳能电池组件意指一种按照上述制得的太阳能电池元件组覆盖的聚合有机树脂的组件。用于制造该太阳能电池组件的方法的具体实施例是一种包括将聚合的有机树脂安放在整个太阳能电池元件组(未示出),再用已知的常规方法,例如真空叠层法对它们进行热压加工。这种方法引起背面的绝缘带的热收缩,如图2B所示,以致使间隙变窄,且使连接件202形变为环形。这个环起一种应力环的作用,释放各种应力,诸如张力、压缩力以及弯曲应力,此应力主要加负荷于太阳能电池组件的连接件202上,它对改善太阳能电池组件的机械可靠性方面是很有效的。
(金属件)
用于本发明的太阳能电池组件的连接件202的金属构件可以是一种金属,例如银、铜、锡、锌、或镍等等,但要考虑三点:(1)良好的电导率、(2)焊接的可能性,以及(3)加工容易度。但是,不限于此,该金属件也可以是其表面有涂层的金属箔件,举例说如镀银的铜或包覆银的铜。厚度尽可能厚,最好考虑到机械强度和该连接件是通电流的部分的这个事实来决定,而从减小叠层厚度的要求角度又应尽可能薄。对两者作出折衷,具体的厚度范围最好在70到200μm间。
(绝缘带)
各种材料都可以应用于本发明采用的绝缘带而没有任何特殊的限制:例如丙烯、尿烷、聚楷、聚烯亚胺、氯乙烯、硅树脂、氟F、聚乙烯、聚丙烯以及玻璃布带等。但是,应考虑以下两点:(1)为进一步减小施加于该连接件202的应力,以使用硬基材为好,(2)就带是太阳能电池的封装部分这个事实来说,该带必须有长期可靠性,所以聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)和聚碳酸酯是各种树脂中特别优选的。
(聚合有机树脂)
用于本发明的聚合有机树脂例如是图3所示的一种。在图3的该聚合有机树脂包括一种最上层材料301、上层密封剂302以及底密封剂303。
(上层密封剂)
用于本发明的该上层密封剂302是用树脂覆盖太阳能电池元件凸出部所必须的,用以保护元件免受恶劣外部环境包括温度变化、湿气、以及撞击、和最上层材料301和元件300间的可靠结合的影响。因此,对上层密封剂所要求的特性包括抗气候、胶合性能、填充性能、耐热、抗冻以及抗撞击。满足这些要求的树脂是,例如聚烯烃树脂,诸如乙烯-乙烯基醋酸共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物(EMA)、乙烯-乙基丙烯酸共聚物(EEA)以及聚乙醇缩丁醛树脂、尿烷树脂、硅树脂、氟F等。这些树脂之中,EVA最可取,因为应用于太阳能电池具有均衡的各项物理性能。未经加工处理的EVA具有低的热形变温度且在高温使用下将是容易形变或蠕变的。因此,最好加以交联提高耐热性。
(最上层材料)
由于用于本发明的最上层材料301处于太阳能电池组件的最外层,所以不仅需要有耐气候性、抗锈蚀及机械强度的性能,而且户外曝露的太阳能电阻组件还有牢固的长期可靠性的性能。适合应用于本发明的材料的例子是聚氟树脂和丙烯树脂。特别是用聚氟树脂是更可取的,因为其有优越的耐气候性和抗锈蚀性能。更具体说,聚氟树脂包括聚氟乙二烯树脂、聚氟乙烯树脂以及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物。其中的聚氟乙二烯树脂在耐气候方面是优越的。特别是,四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物是最优越的,因为它们有优越的耐气候性和机械强度,及透明度。
上述的最上层材料301不必限于这些树脂。当用玻璃之类材料作为最上层时,就没有发生担心的事。
(底密封剂)
用于本发明的底密封剂303的较可取的材料是那些能得到与衬底的足够粘着性和那些在长期的耐用期限方面优良的材料。适合可用的材料包括热熔材料,诸如EVA和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、双面带,以及具有柔性的环氧粘合剂。还可以把加强薄片粘结于底密封剂303的外侧,以便增加太阳能电池组件的机械强度或为的是防止由于温度变化造成的变形和挠曲。加强薄片的最佳实施例是薄板、塑料板和FRP(玻璃纤维加强的塑料)板。
(热压制方法)
本发明中采用的热压制方法可选自各常规的公知方法,例如真空叠层、滚压叠层法等等。
(太阳能电池元件)
用于本发明的太阳能电池元件(见图4)可以应用于单晶、多晶、或非晶硅太阳能电池,且也可以应用于用不是硅的半导体的太阳能电池,以及还可用于肖特基结型太阳能电池。但是,下面说明则关于一种非晶硅太阳能电池的典型实施例。
(衬底)
用于本发明的衬底401在非晶硅薄膜型太阳能电池的情况下是一种机械上支承半导体层的部件。由于某些情况下又将该衬底用作电极,所以要求具有热阻以保持对薄膜形成半导体层403的变热温度。该衬底可以是一种电导的或一种电绝缘的衬底。
具体的导电材料的例子包括金属薄板,诸如Fe、Ni、Cr、Al、Mo、Au、Nb、Ta、V、Ti、Pt及Pb或其合金,例如黄铜或不锈钢,以及其复合材料、碳薄片和镀锌薄铁皮。
此外,电绝缘材料的具体例包括各种耐热的合成树脂诸如聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、醋酸酯纤维素、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙二烯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺及环氧树脂,或这些合成树脂与玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维或金属纤维的复合物的薄膜或薄片;在从金属、树脂薄片之类,以及玻璃、陶瓷等当中之一种薄膜的表面通过对不同材料的金属导电膜和/或SiO2、Si3N4、Al2O3或AlN绝缘膜的溅射、蒸发淀积、电镀之类的方法进行涂覆表面处理所得的薄膜或薄片。
(下电极)
用于本发明的较下电极402是用来取出半导体层中产生的电能的一个电极,而且需要是对半导体层具有一种功函数成为欧姆接触的材料。用作较下电极的材料具体例包括通常所说的金属本身或其合金,诸如Al、Ag、Pt、Au、Ni、Ti、Mo、Fe、V、Cr、Cu、不锈钢、黄钢、镍铬、SnO2、In2O3、ZnO与ITO,以及透明的导电氧化物(TCO)等等。
该较下电极402的表面较可取为平滑的,但可以是织构化的,以便造成光的扩散反射。如果该衬底401是导电的,则较下的电极402就不必特别地予以制作。
制造较下电极的方法可以是电镀法或蒸发淀积法任何一种。
(半导体层)
用于本发明的半导体层403可以是通常用在薄膜太阳能电池中的公知半导体材料的一种。在用于本发明的太阳能电池的半导体导403可以是,例如一种PiN结非晶半导体层、一种PN结多晶硅层,或一种化合物半导体层诸如CuInSe2/CdS。
对于非晶硅层的情况,用以形成半导体层403的方法可以是,例如在原料气体中产生等离子体放电的等离子体CVD法用的形成薄膜,例如硅烷气体。对于PN结多晶硅层的情况,为形成薄膜通过薄膜形成法来形成半导体层,例如由熔融的硅形成半导体层。对于CuInSe2/CdS的情况。通过电子束蒸发法、溅射法、电淀积法等的任何一种方法形成该半导体层。
(上电极)
用于本发明的上电极404是用以取出半导体层中产生的电动势的电极,它和下电极402配成对。当半导体具有较高的薄层电阻,象非晶半导体这类时,该上电极404就成为必要,但特别是对结晶太阳能电池不是必需的,因为它们薄层电阻低。由于上电极404位于光入射侧,则电极必须是透明的。于是,该上电极又称之为透明电极。在半导体层中为有效吸收太阳或白荧光灯管来的光,该上电极404最好具有至少85%的光透射率。另外,从电学观点看,该上电极最好具有不大于100Ω/□的薄层电阻,以便让由光产生的电流对于该半导体层沿横方向流动。具备这种特性的材料是金属氧化物,诸如SnO2、In2O3、ZnO、CdO、CdSnO4以及ITO(In2O3+SnO2)。
(集流电极)
用于本发明的集流电极405通常形成梳形,其合适的宽度和齿距由半导体层403和上电极404的薄层电阻层决定。对集流电极405要求有低电阻率和不会变成太阳能电池的串联电阻。较可取的电阻率在10-2Ωcm到10-6Ωcm范围。用于集流电极的材料405可选自,例如从金属,诸如Ti、Cr、Mo、W、Al、Ag、Ni、Cu、Sn和Pt,或其合金或者焊料。一般,使用其中存在金属粉末和聚合物粘合剂成糊剂状的金属膏,但是用于集流电极的材料决不是限于此。
(汇流条电极)
用于本发明的汇流条电极是用以收集电流流入集流电极405到其另一端的电极。用于该汇流电极406的材料可以选自,例如金属诸如Ag、Pt和Cu,以及其合金。通过把线形或箔形材料粘附于集流电极方法形成汇流条电极。该箔例如是一种铜箔或镀锡的铜箔,在一定情况下箔可以与粘结剂一起使用。至于安置汇流条电极的位置,该汇流条电极不必位于太阳能电池元件的中心,但可以位于太阳能电池元件的周围。
下面将参照图1A-1C到图6A-6C说明发明的各个实施例。
(实施例1)
本实施例示出一个用不锈钢衬底作为衬底的非晶硅太阳能电池,将参照图1A-1C详细进行说明。图1A光入射面侧视的太阳能电池元件示意图,图2为背面侧视的太阳能电池元件示意图而图1C则为侧视的太阳能电池元件示意图。
首先,将具有清洁表面,由厚度为0.1mm的不锈钢箔制成的滚压不锈钢衬底制备作为太阳能电池元件用的衬底。
接着,在该不锈钢衬底表面上同时形成多个太阳能电池元件100。太阳能电池元件100具有包括多层薄膜的结构,如表1所示。
                            表1
名称/厚度 基层表面      形成方法/温度             (s)所用材料
   不锈钢衬底/0.1mm      --       --/
    ZnO薄膜/500nm   不锈钢衬底       溅射350℃         ZnO
    n-型a-Si层15nm     ZnO薄膜    P-CVD/250℃    SiH4,PH3,H2
    i-型a-Si1层400nm      n-型a-Si层    P-CVD/250℃       SiH4,H2
    p-型a-Si层/10nm     i-型a-Si层    P-CVD/250℃    SiH4,BF3,H2
    ITO层/70nm     p-型a-Si层 蒸发淀积/200℃      In,Sn,O2
于是,把具有上述各层的滚压不锈钢衬底切成图1A(仅示出3个)的10个太阳能电池元件。
接着,使这些太阳能电池元件100经过下述的加工步骤,从而制成太阳能电池元件组A。
(1)用ITO含腐蚀剂(FeCl3)的软膏,以101的图形在各个太阳能电池元件100的表面通过丝网印制法印制,而后用纯水漂洗这些元件,除去ITO层的一部分,从而使上电极与下电极之间能够确保电隔离。
(2)用研磨料研磨各太阳能电池元件100从无效的电能产生区域的部分除去该ITO层、α-Si层以及下电极层且露出不锈钢衬底102的表面,从而从下电极部分形成引出部分。
(3)用印制银膏在ITO上,通过丝网印制法且在炉中进行烘焙,在ITO上形成厚度为0.3mm的集流电极103。
(4)为了能够确保下述的汇流电极105与下电极之间的电绝缘,把一种聚酰亚胺绝缘带粘合在与露出了衬底表面相邻的部分。
(5)翻转各个太阳能电池元件,以便把10个太阳能电池元件按相等的它们之间1mm间隙的间隔进行排列。此后,如图1B所示,把厚度100μm的2条聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)带106粘合在且跨于各元件成串接方向的所有10个元件上。
(6)然后翻转其上已粘好带的元件组,再用厚度100μm的铜箔落料制作连接件107。安置如此制成的连接件如图1A所示,而此后对每个连接件,在与汇流电极105交叠的部分和与相邻元件的下电极露出部的交叠部分进行焊接,使它们之间实现电连接。
如上所述,该绝缘带106是在串接太阳能电池元件100之前粘合于其上来固定这些元件,因此各元件串连时能以良好的加工效率与精度来连接,而不会有元件的偏移发生。在完成之样的连续加工步骤后,为了把末端放线到背面,还要将太阳能电池元件组翻过来。由于该元件组已被粘贴于其上的PET带固定,所以可以很容易翻转该元件组而不会使金属箔件弯曲或变形,各元件间也不会接触短路。
在如上所述的背面上绝缘带106的措施能够很方便地进行加工,又能改进生产太阳能电池的成品率。
(比较例1)
本例不同于实施例1仅在于制作太阳能电池元件组B时,其背面上没有粘合PET的绝缘带106。
其他各项都与实施例1相同。
由于本例安排是使当用串接件连接时各元件的位置不固定,所以不同于实施例1,需要用以把各元件连接成其间有准确1mm间隙的时间显著增长。
在完成太阳能电池元件间串接后,为了对其接装引出终端,要进行对元件的翻转操作。在10个元件之间的串连操作中(此处10个太阳能电池元件被串接)。靠近中心的金属件被弯曲,会极大地降低太阳能电池元件组的平整度。还有,在引出终端完成后,再翻过元件组朝上,从元件上剥离汇流电极的现象在元件靠中心处便频繁地被看到。
如上说明,据发现,在没有绝缘带106的场合下的实际步骤中会大大降低成品率。
(实施例2)
本实施例中,以EVA薄片等覆盖实施例1的太阳能电池组A,制成一种太阳能电池组件A。下面叙述覆盖的方法。
(1)在该太阳能电池元件组的光接收面侧:在光接收面上依次层叠(i)EVA薄片(可用品名Photocap,厚度460μm,SpringbornLaboralories Inc.产);和(ii)非轴取向的ETFE薄膜,而其一表面经过电晕放电处理(可用品名Tafsel T2薄膜,厚度为38μm,Dupont Inc.产)。
(2)在太阳能电池组的非常接收面侧:在与光接收面相反的背面的表面上,依次层叠(i)EVA薄片(可用品名为Photocap,厚度为460μm,Springborn Laboralories Inc.产);(ii)尼龙薄膜(可用品名为Durtec,厚度63.5μm,Dupont  Inc.产);以及(iii)有黑涂料的Galvalume(镀锌铁皮,厚度0.27mm)。
(3)从上述的步骤(1)和(2),形成结构为ETFE/EVA/太阳能电池元件组/EVA/尼龙/EVA/铁皮的叠层,此后,将该叠层在150℃下,抽空,用真空叠层设备在压力下加热30分钟,从而获得太阳能电池组件C。
这里使用的EVA薄片是一种广泛用作太阳能电池密封剂,其中交联剂重量1.5份、紫外线吸收剂重量0.3份、光稳定剂重0.1份、抗氧化剂重0.2份以及硅烷耦联剂重0.25份再混以EVA树脂(其中乙烯基醋酸酯为33%)到100份。
预先把输出端引到光电池的背面,叠层后,通过预先形成在Galvalume的引出端部安排取得输出,从而制成太阳能电池组件。
其它方面与实施例1相同。
观察本实施例的太阳能电池组件A的外表,发现,设定为1mm的元件间间隙测得为0.7mm。还观察到,在串接件附近的表面有细微抬起。从此可推定,由于叠层时加热收缩的PET带使元件间的间隙变狭,在串接件中形成了环形。
还使本实施例的太阳能电池组件A经受反复弯曲循环试验。进行的该反复弯曲循环试验是按SERI标准的耐负载试验,该试验包括10000次循环。在试验期间,每1000次循环进行一次外观检查和转换系数检测。图5是表示转换效率系数与反复弯曲循环次数之间的关系曲线。纵座标表示转换效率,已用反复弯曲循环试验前的数值加以归一化。试验结果表明,本实施例的太阳能电池组件A在经过10000次循环后在外观和转换效率方面变化很少。
(比较例2)
本例不同于实施例仅在于在比较例中给太阳能电池元件组B覆盖以EVA薄片等,从而制成太阳能电池组件B。
其他各项都与实施例2相同。
检查太阳能电池组件B的外观。在各元件间的间隙没有变化(它曾设定于1mm),在实施例2(太阳能电池组件A)观察到过抬高的串接件附近也没有观察到抬高。
本实施例的太阳能电池组件B也经过如实施例2同样的反复弯曲循环试验。该试验结果表明,本实施例的太阳能电池组件于2000次循环处开始减小转换系数。约在4000次循环处观察到转换系数降了初始值的约30%,此外,在串接件中心附近可能显认出裂缝。
因此,实施例与比较例的结果证实,串接件形成应力通过在背面的绝缘带粘结剂和用聚合有机树脂的覆盖台阶成环,且该弧形环起着释放对太阳能电池组件弯曲的应力的弧形环的作用。
(实施例3)
本实施例中,用铜线替换实施例中由银膏制作集流电极,从而制成太阳能电池组C。接着参照图6A-6C说明用以制造根据本发明的太阳能电池元件组C的方法。此处,图6A-6C所示的太阳能电池元件600实际上具有与实施例1的太阳能电池元件100同样的多层膜。虽然附图只示出两个太阳能电池元件,但实际上制备了5个元件。
(a)按601图形通过丝网印制法把用于ITO的含腐蚀剂(FeCl3)的软膏印制在各个太阳能电池元件600的表面上,然后用线水漂洗它,以除去ITO层的一部分,从而确保使上电极与下电极之间电隔离。
(b)把厚度70μm的聚酰亚胺绝缘带紧紧地粘贴在刻蚀区域(未示出)外侧,通过双边带,还把厚度100μm的铜箔602固定在绝缘带上。在此阶段,该铜箔602处于电浮置状态。
(c)将直径为100μm的铜丝覆以市面可得到的碳膏,厚度为20μm,此后,对涂覆层进行干燥,制成覆碳丝。如图6A所示安置该丝并且在150℃下施加一个大气压的压力进行压制,以便键合于太阳能电池元件的工作区,从而形成集流电极603。
(d)还有,为了确保铜箔602与集流电极603间的电连接,在点状图形处加银膏于在铜箔602上的集流电极603的表面,然后在炉中进行硬化处理。这可使铜箔602变成从上电极的引出电极。
(e)此后,将长方形金属箔件605,它用冲模通过冲压厚度100μm的铜箔制成,用焊接的方法,连到该铜箔602的右端,如图6A所示。
(f)把通过上述步骤(a)-(e)制成的5个太阳能电池元件以元件间间隙为1mm上部朝下安放,再将两条PET带粘贴其上,如图6B所示。完全固定该元件组之后,通过焊接连接件605,把元件串接到在相邻元件的背面上的不锈钢衬底上。
其它各项都与实施例1相同。
使直到上述步骤(f)完成了的太阳能电池组C在背面经受最终的引出操作,且使元件组翻转两次,该连接件605完全不弯曲,且平稳地完成操作。
还有,按如同实施例的方法切切实实地覆盖这些太阳能电池元件组,从而制成有5个串联元件的太阳能电池组件C(此处把5个太阳能电池元件按串联连接)。从外观检查来看,可以证实,设定为1mm的间隙变狭到0.8mm。还有,直接在串接连接件上观察到表面稍微抬高。
还有,使太阳能电池组件C经受与实施例2同样的反复弯曲循环试验,该试验证实,在10000次循环之后,该组件在外观和转换系数方面变化很小。
(比较例3)
本例不同于实施例3仅在于制造太阳能电池组D不用PET的绝缘带粘结。
其它各项如同实施例3。
本例中,由于各元件位置没有进行固定,不同于实施例3,所以串连件的加工花很长时间。
在完成串接后,对太阳能电池组进行背面上的最终引出操作。使元件组翻转两次后,使该金属件弯曲刚好在5个串接元件(此处将5个太阳能电池元件成串联连接)之外的中央,因此太阳能电池元件组降低了平整度。
另外,对本例的太阳能电池组件C的外观进行检查。在设定为1mm的两元件间的间隙没有观察到变化,靠近串接件附近没有看出表面的抬高,而该处在实施例3中则观察到抬高(太阳能电池组件C)。还进行反复弯曲循环试验,且在1000次循环处的转换系数被降低到约初始值的一半。在试验后检查了组件的外观,在串联连接加工期间弯曲过的部分观察到断裂。
因此,实施例3和比较例3的结果证实,也对在相邻元件的顶与底部之间形成串接件的情况来说,因为带的收缩在金属箔件中形成了应力弧形环,因而制成高机械可靠性的组件,且提高了成品率。
当用厚度25μm的聚酰亚胺绝缘带代替PET也保持了上述的实施列3和比较例3的结果。
如上述说明,本发明对制造太阳能电池元件组能提高加工效率和成品率。并且,本发明能提供高可靠性的太阳能电池组件以及提供用以制造稳定的太阳能电池组件的方法。
在本发明中,把绝缘带粘贴在和跨于多个待连接的太阳能电池元件上,且该带和连接件(金属箔件)两者能够承受施加于加工连接的太阳能电池组,它能减弱施加在常规例中的连接件上的应力。
结果,该连接件很难被弯曲,从而在连接件中不会形成折痕。对连接件上应力的减小还能减小传递到汇流电极的应力,从而能防止汇流电极被剥离。
另外,当在以聚合有机树脂(在叠层步骤中)覆盖太阳能电池组的步骤中的叠层时,由加热使该绝缘带收缩,因此连接件能形成应力弧形环,以致形成抵抗反复弯曲应力很强的结构。

Claims (4)

1.一种通过用金属箔件按串接或并联连接多个太阳能电池元件获得的太阳能电池元件组,其特征是,把一种绝缘带与金属箔件成平行地粘贴在和跨于多个互相靠近排列的太阳能电池元件的背面。
2.根据权利要求1的太阳能电池元件组,其特征是,所说的绝缘带包括从聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)和聚碳酸酯选出的任何一种基层材料。
3.一种太阳能电池组件,其中用一种聚合的有机树脂覆盖如权利要求1或2所说的太阳能电池元件组。
4.一种制造太阳能电池组件的方法,它包括排列多个太阳能电池元件的步骤,把绝缘带粘贴在多个太阳能电池元件的步骤,用金属箔件以串联或并联方式连接所说多个太阳能电池元件的步骤,以及用聚合有机树脂覆盖太阳能电池元件的步骤。
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