CN1132249A - 用吖啶或吖啶衍生物协助灭活病毒的方法 - Google Patents

用吖啶或吖啶衍生物协助灭活病毒的方法 Download PDF

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CN1132249A
CN1132249A CN95120599A CN95120599A CN1132249A CN 1132249 A CN1132249 A CN 1132249A CN 95120599 A CN95120599 A CN 95120599A CN 95120599 A CN95120599 A CN 95120599A CN 1132249 A CN1132249 A CN 1132249A
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D·伯恩哈特
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Abstract

本发明涉及使用吖啶或吖啶衍生物,优选合用氯苄烷铵来灭活包膜或无包膜的病毒。优选地,在较大地保留所含蛋白生物活性下进行本发明方法。

Description

用吖啶或吖啶衍生物 协助灭活病毒的方法
本发明涉及使用吖啶或吖啶衍生物,优选联合使用氯苄烷铵来灭活包膜或无包膜的病毒。优选地,在较大地保留蛋白质生物活性之下进行本发明的方法。
多年来人们已经知道,未处理的人类血浆或血清中可能含有使人致病的病毒,如HIV,HBV或HCV,这些病毒一旦传染给易感受体,就可能引起严重的疾病如AIDS或肝炎。为了预防这种潜在的病毒传染,在制备从人体血浆或血清中获得的治疗剂时,一方面,仅仅从预选的,任何人都能判断是无病毒的起始物质开始制备,另一方面,在制备过程中采用病毒—灭活/消除措施。通过精密测定和连续校对,确定所用的病毒灭活/消除法的功效。
在制备上述治疗剂中,除物理灭活病毒措施外,化学灭活病毒措施也是已知的。尤其经常讨论的化学方法是SD(溶剂/清洁剂)法。它适用于灭活包膜病毒,即由含脂质的膜包裹着的病毒,但存在严重的不利之处,即对所有已知无包膜(无膜的)病毒完全无效。而且,也已知无其它化学方法适于灭活无包膜病毒同时又保留治疗剂或人体血浆或血清中蛋白质组分的生物活性。
尽管化学灭活病毒法仅用于补充物理法的能力,并且尽管大多数通过血液或血制品潜在传染的病毒具有脂质膜,为了安全,特别需要建立也能确实灭活无包膜病毒的有效的化学灭活法。当最近象讨论通过血液或血制品潜在传染的病毒一样,讨论HAV和细小病毒如细小病毒B19时,这一点更加吸引人(Vox Sanguinis 67,Supplementl,1994:Proceedings of a Symposium beld at the New York BloodCenter)。
本发明的目的也在于开发一种工业上可用的化学灭活病毒的方法,该方法可灭活包膜的和无包膜的病毒,如细小病毒,并保留所含蛋白质(如治疗剂中使用的蛋白质)的生物活性。
通过向待处理的含蛋白液体中加入吖啶或吖啶衍生物,可实现本发明的目的。意外地发现,吖啶或吖啶衍生物可以灭活包膜的或无包膜的病毒。例如,吖啶衍生物为利凡诺,9-氨基吖啶(即己基间苯二酚氨基吖啶),3,6-二氨基吖啶(普鲁黄素),吖啶锁辛,Acrizane Chloride(氯化酚吖啶),吖啶橙,喹吖啶,acricide,吖啶酮,吖啶-9-羧酸,氯甲氧吖胺(1-[(6-氯-2-甲氧-9-吖啶基)氨基]-3-二乙氨-2-丙醇二盐酸盐),3,7-二氨基-5-苯基吩嗪盐酸盐(酚藏红花,藏红B Extra),吩恶嗪,吩噻嗪且特别为吖啶黄(3,6-二氨基-10-甲基吖啶氯化物和3,6-二氨基吖啶)及其盐,例如氯化物,硫酸盐,溴化物。
意外地还发现,吖啶或吖啶衍生物和氯苄烷铵合用,在病毒灭活期间显示协同作用,即合用下灭活病毒的数量比单用每种物质都要高。
本发明灭活病毒法可在蛋白溶液如血液,血清,血浆,血制品,尿囊液或奶中进行。灭活病毒的条件为PH3-10或5-9(例如在血清或血浆溶液中)并且温度为1℃-80℃,优选20℃-60℃,特别优选20℃-40℃,或25℃-37℃,持续30分钟-10小时,优选2-5小时。为了灭活病毒,所用吖啶或吖啶衍生物的浓度为1.0g/l-0.00001g/l或1.0g/l-0.004g/l,优选0.1g/l-0.001g/l并且氯苄烷铵的浓度为0.1g/l-0.004g/l,优选0.05g/l-0.01g/l。
如果必要,可通过简单的,公知的方法如活性炭吸附或透析,除去蛋白溶液中的吖啶和氯苄烷铵。
本发明灭活病毒法进一步的好处是对待处理物质中蛋白组分极大的保护作用:不同的生物活性,例如抗体活性和凝集活性,都不减小或仅减小可接受的范围。
因此,本发明灭活病毒法可用于,例如消除下列物质的污染:
—含蛋白溶液(稀的或浓的)
—血液或血制品;液体和细胞组分
—血清,血浆
—尿囊液
—器官提取物
—奶
—缓冲溶液
—诊断抗原
—疫苗,疫苗抗原
本发明的方法更进一步适用于消毒病毒污染的,例如区域,设备,坑水,废弃物和各种表面。也可用于消毒病毒污染的器官移值物如角膜、脑膜、肝、心脏、肺或肾脏。
通过下面的实施例进一步来说明本发明。
本发明工艺中通常使用的方法
病毒:用已知的方法在组织培养物中复制;将病毒收集物离心并用
作进一步研究的起始物。
在微量滴定板上(每稀释段有8个0.1ml的样品),通过双滴
定(double titration)来测定传染效价(infectiousness titer)。
贮备液:乳酸利凡诺(EL)           3%的蒸馏水溶液
    Entozon(E)            3%的吖啶蒸馏水液
    吖啶黄(A)                1%的蒸馏水溶液
    氯苄烷铵(BACI)           10%的蒸馏水溶液
通常的实验步骤:
将9份缓冲液或溶媒或蛋白质溶液与1伤病毒混合。加入一定量各灭活病毒实施例中标明的并重新与后面的病毒滴定液混合的贮备液。在各实施例提到的时间和温度后,移开样品并用双测定法滴定,以便能测定与方法相关的病毒灭活。
用于研究的病毒种类缩写                         名称PI3V                        牛副流感3号病毒BPV                          牛细小病毒PPV                          猪细小病毒IBRV                         传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒BVDV                         牛病毒性腹泻病毒CPV                          犬细小病毒BAV-1                        1型牛腺病毒Reo3                         3型呼肠孤病毒流感A                      流感A病毒—山东流感B                      流感B病毒—B巴拿马
本文进一步使用的缩写/名称:EME培养基                  伊格尔最小必需培养基BeriateP                凝集因子VIII:施行巴氏消毒的补体浓缩物
                       (Behringwerlcs AG,Marburg,Germany)HaemateP                施行巴氏消毒的凝集因子VIII和Von-Wille-
                       brand因子的浓缩物(Behringwerke AG,Mar-
                       burg,Germany)BeriplexP               施行巴氏消毒的凝血酶原复合物的浓缩物
                       (Behringwerke AG,Marburg Germany)Venimmun                静脉用人体多价免疫球蛋白制剂(7S)(Behring-
                       werke AG,Marburg,Germany)Entozon                 下列组合物的制剂:
                       每1g颗粒中含0.059g二甲氧基-6-硝基-
                       9-[(3-二乙基氨基-2-羟基)丙基氨基]
                       吖啶二盐酸化物和0.295g乳酸利凡诺(ASID
                       Veterinar Vertriebs GmbH)QAE纤维素                  二乙基-2-羟基丙基氨基乙基纤维素(蛋白提
                       纯用离子交换剂)FCS                        胎儿腓肠血清
实施例1用BACI灭活PI3V
将EME培养基与PI3病毒和BACl混合并在37℃水浴上恒温培养。经指定的时间后,样品进行病毒灭活试验。结果见表1。
表1
在37℃下,用BACI灭活PI3病毒
  时间(h)     加入量(mg/ml)  病毒效价测定值(log10/ml)    病毒灭活值(log10/ml)
0-0.031)     0(对照)0.10.0050.0250.0125     7.4≤1.5≤1.56.06.9     -≥5.9≥5.91.40.5
1     0((对照)0.10.050.0250.0125     6.8≤1.5≤1.5≤1.55.5     -≥5.3≥5.3≥5.31.3
1 相当于加入BACI并完全与反应原料混合的时间
从表1结果可见,用高剂量的BACI(0.1mg/ml,0.05mg/ml)迅速灭活PI3病毒,即在为测定PI3病毒传染性而将含病毒样品与BACI完全混合,取样并滴定所需要的时间里,传染性的病毒不见了。在其它两个BACI试验浓度(0.025mg/ml和0.0125mg/ml),看得出病毒灭活明显具有浓度—时间依赖关系。
实施例2用BACI或Entozon灭活病毒
用BACI或Entozon来处理表2所示的病毒样品并在45℃下恒温培养。试验开始1或2小时取样进行病毒滴定。
                     表2
在45℃下,通过BACI或Entozon法灭活病毒
   病毒      时间            加入物质        病毒效价测定值        病毒灭活值(mg/ml)          (log10/ml)          (log10/ml)
BPV 1小时     对照    0BACI    0.05″      0.01     4.75.25.2     000
2小时     对照    .0BACI    0.05″      0.01     4.64.64.6     000
1小时     对照    10Entozon 0.030″      0.015     4.7≤1.5≤1.5     0≥3.2≥3.2
2小时     对照Entozon 0.030″      0.015     4.6≤1.5≤1.5     0≥3.1≥3.1
PPV 1小时     对照    0Entozon 0.030″      0.015     5.63.33.7     02.31.9
2小时     对照    0Entozon 0.030″      0.015     5.62.22.7     03.42.9
表2结果显示,在选择的试验条件下,用BACI不灭活BPV。用Entozon灭活是可能的,实际上,灭活BPV比灭活PPV更快。
实施例3用BACI和吖啶黄灭活病毒
用BACI或吖啶黄来处理表3所示的病毒样品的悬浮液并在37℃恒温培养2小时。为测定病毒灭活情况,取样滴定。
                                  表3
  病毒      加入物质(mg/ml)  病毒效价测定值(log10/ml)   病毒灭活值(log10/ml)
  IBRV   对照      0BACI      0.01吖啶黄    0.001     5.1≤1.51.8     0≥3.63.3
  PI3V   对照      0BACI      0.01吖啶黄    0.001     5.6≤1.53.2     0≥4.12.4
  BVDV   对照      0BACI      0.01吖啶黄    0.001     6.22.32.5     03.93.7
  BPV   对照      0BACI      0.01吖啶黄    0.001     5.45.9≤1.5     00≥3.9
表3结果显示,BACI和吖啶黄都能灭活包膜病毒—IBRV,PI3V,BVDV,BACI的灭活作用稍大些。吖啶黄可灭活无膜病毒BPV,但BACI单独用不能。
发现在EME培养基中用吖啶黄和BACI可灭活病毒之后,检查这些物质是否也能灭活存在于含蛋白溶液中的病毒。用标明的病毒样品来处理下列蛋白溶液:Beriplex R                 PPV马血清                      BVDV,BPVBeriate              BVDV,BPV,BAV-1,Reo3,IBRVHoemate              PPV,Reo3Venimmunn            BVDV,PPV,CPVFCS                     CPV卵尿囊液                流感A,流感B
这些实验中获得的结果以下面表格形式表示。
实施例4用存在于蛋白溶液中的吖啶和氯苄烷铵来灭活病毒
表4结果显示,按方法学上简单的方法,在蛋白溶液中用吖啶和/或氯苄烷铵来完全地灭活不同的病毒是可能的。然而这里清晰可见,单独用氯苄烷铵只能灭活含包膜的病毒,而用吖啶却能灭活含包膜的病毒而且也能灭活无包膜的病毒样品。两种物质在杀病毒作用上具有协同作用,即合用吖啶黄和氯苄烷铵灭活病毒的数量高于单用两种物质。
表4结果也显示,在蛋白溶液中灭活病毒依赖于:
1.被灭活的病毒的种类
2.蛋白溶液的组分和性质
3.灭活剂的浓度
4.灭活时间
5.灭活温度
灭活病毒也依赖于PH—来显示该结果。在PH低于5.5时,病毒灭活比高PH时更慢。
表5-7包含用吖啶黄和/或氯苄烷铵灭活病毒后,蛋白溶液生物活性的结果。用VenimmunR通过测定病毒灭活前后抗体的含量和用HaematcR,BeriateR和BeriplexR通过测定促凝集活性来测定生物活性—用国际单位测定。
                     表4  在蛋白溶液中用吖啶和氯苄烷铵灭活病毒
蛋白溶液和病毒   灭活剂   浓度(mg/ml)   灭活温度(℃)   灭活时间(h)   对照效价(log10/ml)   处理效价(log10/ml)   效价减小(log10/ml)
马血清+BPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   012   5.45.25.1     5.4≤1.5≤1.5     0≥3.7≥3.6
马血清+BPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   012   5.05.15.0     5.0≤1.5≤1.5     0≥3.6≥3.5
Beriate+BPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   012   5.45.05.0     5.4≤1.5≤1.5     0≥3.5≥3.5
Beriate+BVDV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   012   5.05.04.8     5.0≤1.5≤1.5     0≥3.5≥3.5
Beriate+Reo 3 乳酸利凡诺 0.3 45   012   5.44.74.7     5.1≤1.5≤1.5     0.3≥3.2≥3.2
Beriate+IBR 乳酸利凡诺 0.3 45   012   6.55.74.3     6.52.0≤1.5     03.7≥2.8
                         表4(续)
                在蛋白溶液中用吖啶或氯苄烷铵灭活病毒
蛋白溶液和病毒   灭活剂   浓度(mg/ml)   灭活温度(℃)   灭活时间(h)   对照效价(log10/ml)   处理效价(log10/ml)   效价减小(log10/ml)
Haemate+PPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   0123   5.45.55.55.3     5.53.31.9≤1.5     02.23.6≥3.8
Venimmun+PPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   012   4.03.93.9     4.0≤1.5≤1.5     0≥2.4≥2.4
Venimmun+CPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   0123   6.96.86.86.9     6.64.83.93.9     0.52.02.93.0
Venimmun+BVDV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   0123   6.45.86.36.0     6.44.51.90     01.34.4≥6.0
                          表4(续)
              在蛋白溶液中用吖啶和氯苄烷铵灭活病毒
蛋白溶液和病毒 灭活剂  浓度(mg/ml). 灭活温度(℃) 灭活时间(h) 对照效价(log10/ml)  处理效价(log10/ml) 效价减小(log10/ml)
卵尿囊液+流感病毒B 吖啶黄 0.001 37   012   7.47.16.9     7.46.45.0     00.71.9
卵尿囊液+流感病毒B BACI 0.02 37   012   7.47.16.9     7.46.03.6     01.13.3
卵尿囊液+流感病毒B 吖啶黄+BACI 0.0010.02 37   012   7.47.16.9     7.44.12.5     03.04.4
Beriplex+PPV 吖啶黄 0.001 30   0123   4.84.64.64.8     4.83.62.9≤1.5     01.01.7≥3.3
Beriplex+PPV BACI 0.001 30   0123   4.84.84.64.6     4.84.84.84.6     0000
Beriate+PPV 吖啶黄+BACI 0.0010.01 30   0123   4.84.84.64.6     4.83.5≤1.5≤1.5     01.3≥3.1≥3.1
                                   表4(续)
                在蛋白溶液中用吖啶和氯苄烷铵灭活病毒
蛋白溶液和病毒   灭活剂   浓度(mg/ml) 灭活温度(℃) 灭活时间(h)   对照效价(log10/ml) 处理效价(log10/ml) 效价减小(log10/ml)
Beriplex+PPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   0123     4.84.64.64.8     4.82.0≤1.5≤1.5     02.6≥3.1≥3.3
Beriplex+PPV BACI 0.01 37   0123     4.84.64.64.8     4.84.64.64.6     0000.2
Beriplex+PPV 吖啶黄+BACI 0.0010.01 37   0123     4.84.64.64.8     4.81.8≤1.5≤1.5     02.8≥3.1≥3.3
FCS+CPV 吖啶黄 0.001 37   0123     6.6n.d.n.d.6.9     6.64.94.03.4     01.72.63.5
FCS+CPV 吖啶黄 0.001 45   0123     6.8n.d.n.d.7.0     6.84.83.52.8     02.03.34.2
                            表5
测定用吖啶黄和氯苄烷铵灭活病毒,前后蛋白溶液的生物活性(抗体效价)
蛋白溶液 名称 温度和处理时间 相对1型脊髓灰质发病毒的灭活效价1
不含灭活剂  含灭活剂2
低温人血浆(个血浆)     H1H2H3H4H5 37℃2小时     646741741646376     646562646741562
备批Venimmun(终产物)     V1V2V3V4V5 37℃2小时     22341950169816981479     8511698169816981479
低温人血浆(个体血浆)     H1H2H3H4H5 45℃2小时     42712881288977977     97797797711221288
名批Venimmeun终产物     V1V2V3V4V5 45℃2小时     19502570223422342234     22342234147919501479
1 根据Spenarmn-Karber法,每个稀释段用8个样品,以log2稀释度来计算效价
2 0.001mg吖啶黄10.62mgml BACI
                              表6
          测定用吖啶黄和氯苄烷铵(BACL)灭活病毒前后蛋白
          溶液的生物活性(抗体效价)
蛋白溶液 名称 温度和处理时间          相对于HAH抗PI3病毒抗体效价1       相对HAH抗reo3病毒抗体效价1
  不含I2    含I2    不含I2    含I2
低温人血浆(个体血浆)     H1H2H3H4H5 45℃2小时     8080808080     8080808080     320320320320320     320320320320320
名批Venimmun(终产物)     V1V2V3V4V5 45℃2小时     320320320320320     320320320320320     320320320320320     320320320320320
马血清(个体血清)     P1P2P3P4P5 45℃2小时 n.d. n.d.     640640640640640     640640640640640
1  用log2稀释度测定效价
2  I.=灭活剂:0.001mg/me吖啶黄+0.02mg/ml BACI
                             表7
          测定用吖啶黄(A)和氯苄烷铵(BACL)灭活病毒—前后蛋白
          溶液的生物活性(凝集活性)
蛋白溶液 温度和处理时间 灭活剂 灭活剂浓度(mg/ml)      活性(IU/ml)
用Al(OH)3+QAE处理后的低温蛋白溶液 3小时45℃     AAABACIBACIA+BACI对照     0.010.030.0010.10.050.001  +0.050     3.94.24.46.96.14.15.3
Haemate因子VIII 3小时37℃     AABACIA+BACI对照     0.0020.0010.020.001  +0.020     18.916.820.717.624.1
Beriplex因子II 3小时37℃     AABACIA+BACI对照     0.0020.0010.020.001  +0.020     48.850.061.347.968.6
表5和6的结果显示,在用吖啶和氯苄烷铵灭活病毒期间,在Venimmun中灭活(1型脊髓灰质炎,和抑制血细胞凝集(HAH)抗体(Pl3和Reo3病毒)的含量的影响不超过试验变化范围(常量±1个log,稀释段)。用吖啶/氯苄烷铵灭活后,凝集制剂(Boriate,Hae-mate,Beriplex)的活性减小是可授受的(表7)。

Claims (14)

1.一种灭活病毒的方法,其包括使用吖啶或吖啶衍生物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中另外使用氯苄烷胺。
3.在蛋白质存在下进行权利要求1或2的方法并且其中保留这些蛋白质的生物活性。
4.权利要求1,2或3的方法,其中在20-60℃下进行恒温培养。
5.上述权利要求1-4中任一方法,其中温度为25-37℃。
6.上述权利要求1-5中任一方法,其中在PH5-9下进行恒温培养。
7.上述权利要求1-6中任一方法,其中以0.0001到1.0g/l的浓度使用吖啶或吖啶衍生物。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中以0.0005到0.1g/l的浓度使用吖啶或吖啶衍生物。
9.上述权利要求2-8中任一方法,其中以0.004到0.1g/l的浓度使用氯苄烷铵。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中以0.001到0.05g/l的浓度使用氯苄烷铵。
11.上述权利要求1-10中任一方法,其中恒温培养的时间为0.5h-10.0h。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中恒温培养的时间为2-5h。
13.上述权利要求1-12中任一方法,其中病毒为细小病毒或其它无包膜病毒。
14.上述权利要求1-13中任一方法,其中病毒为包膜的病毒。
CNB951205994A 1994-12-10 1995-12-08 用吖啶或吖啶衍生物协助灭活病毒的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1163595C (zh)

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