CN113207910A - Method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207910A CN113207910A CN202110532606.XA CN202110532606A CN113207910A CN 113207910 A CN113207910 A CN 113207910A CN 202110532606 A CN202110532606 A CN 202110532606A CN 113207910 A CN113207910 A CN 113207910A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method for preventing and treating the walnut virus disease comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of irrigating biological bactericide in the germination period of fruit trees, spraying disease-resistant agent and 18% of pymetrozine and buprofezin suspending agent for killing insects in the rapid growth period of walnut kernels, spraying pesticide mixed liquid in the hardening period of walnut kernels and preventing and treating walnut canker, and irrigating biological bactericide and 1% of macleaya cordata extract and veratrine aqua again in the filling period of walnut kernels, wherein conventional field management is carried out in the period. The prevention and treatment method effectively controls the occurrence of the walnut virus disease, achieves the purposes of enhancing the tree vigor and improving the yield and quality of the walnut, eliminates the potential threat of the walnut virus disease to the walnut industry, and ensures the sustainable development of the walnut industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases.
Background
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the first fruit tree in Xinjiang, has a planting area of more than 700 mu of ten thousand, occupies about one third of the total area of the Xinjiang forest fruits, is mainly distributed in Xinjiang Hotan, Kashi and Aksu, and is one of the important prop industries for economic development of Xinjiang. In 2017, a new walnut disease occurs in a walnut planting area in Wenshou county in Aksu region, and the damaged area is about 450 hectare. The disease mainly damages the fruits of walnuts, radial green fading spots appear on the navel parts of the walnut fruits at the initial stage, and black brown radial disease spots are formed later, so that the fruits crack in advance, the nuts shrink, and the yield and the quality of the walnuts are seriously influenced.
Since 2017, the occurrence of the disease is found to be a trend of increasing year by year through continuous tracking investigation for 3 years, and the occurrence area of the disease in the temperate county reaches 1.2 ten thousand mu by 2020. The disease starts to sporadically attack from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months every year, the disease starts to occur in the peak of 8 months, a large amount of walnut fruits are cracked or shrunk in advance, the fruiting quantity and the fruit plumpness of walnuts are seriously influenced, the empty shell rate of the fruits is increased, and the disease forms a potential threat to the Xinjiang walnut industry. However, as the new disease is newly developed, the prevention and treatment means for the walnut virus disease in the prior art is relatively less, and the prevention and treatment effect is relatively poor, and how to effectively prevent and treat the new walnut disease becomes a difficult problem to be solved by technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, effectively prevents and treats the walnut virus diseases by combining multiple means, enhances the tree vigor, improves the yield and the quality of walnuts and provides effective guarantee for the sustainable development of the walnut industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases, which comprises the following steps: irrigating a biological microbial inoculum in the germination period of a fruit tree, spraying a disease-resistant agent in the rapid growth period of walnut fruit, spraying a pesticide mixed solution in the hardening period of walnut kernel, and irrigating the biological microbial inoculum again in the filling period of walnut kernel, wherein conventional field management is carried out in the period;
the pesticide mixed solution comprises 100 hundred million spores/g bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum and 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin.
Further, 18% of a pymetrozine and buprofezin suspending agent is sprayed in the rapid growth period of the walnut kernels, and 1% of macleaya cordata extract and veratrine aqua is sprayed in the filling period of the walnut kernels.
Further, the method also comprises the step of preventing and treating the walnut rot during the period of preventing and treating the walnut virus diseases.
Further, the biological agent is a bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 agent, and the bacterial content is 100 hundred million spores/g.
Further, the two-time biological agent irrigation method specifically comprises the steps of firstly digging an annular ditch which is 40cm wide and 30cm deep and is 50cm away from a trunk under the crown, diluting the biological agent to 350 times to obtain a liquid medicine, pouring the liquid medicine into the annular ditch, and covering with hilling after the liquid medicine is infiltrated, wherein the dosage of the liquid medicine is 15-50 kg per plant.
Further, the disease-resistant agent is a 1000-fold dilution of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin.
Further, the spraying method of the 18% pyriproxyfen-buprofezin suspending agent is specifically that the 18% pyriproxyfen-buprofezin suspending agent is prepared into liquid medicine with the concentration of 150mg/L for foliar spraying.
Further, the spraying method of the aqueous solution of the macleaya cordata extract and veratrine is specifically that the aqueous solution of the macleaya cordata extract and veratrine is diluted by 1200 times and then is sprayed on the leaf surface.
Further, the preparation method of the pesticide mixed liquid comprises the following specific steps: diluting a bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 100 hundred million spores/g by 600 times, diluting 0.5% of amino-oligosaccharin by 500 times, and mixing two liquid medicines according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the pesticide mixed solution.
Further, the prevention and treatment of the walnut rot disease specifically comprises the steps of directly smearing disease spots by adopting 40% diluent with 350 times of manganese and zinc, and smearing twice after 7 days.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
on the basis of determining the pathogeny and the disease law of the disease, the biological agent is applied in the bud stage of the fruit tree, the pesticide is sprayed in the fast growth stage of the walnut fruit, the pesticide mixed solution of 100 hundred million spores/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial agent and the amino-oligosaccharin is sprayed in the hardening stage of the walnut kernel, and the walnut rot disease is prevented and treated.
The method adopts the treatment of the applied biological agent, effectively enriches the microbial community of rhizosphere soil, adjusts the pH value of the soil, promotes the growth of root systems and the absorption of nutrient components, thereby enhancing the tree vigor and effectively preventing the occurrence of walnut virus diseases; spraying 18% of a pymetrozine and buprofezin suspending agent in the rapid growth period of walnut kernels and spraying 1% of a macleaya cordata extract and veratrum aqueous alkali agent in the filling period of walnut kernels to prevent mites damaging walnuts and other pests in different insect states and possible virus transmission mediators, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of virus transmission through insect bodies; spraying pesticide mixed solution of 100 hundred million spores/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum and 0.5% of amino-oligosaccharin in the hardening period of walnut shells, effectively preventing and treating walnut virus diseases, simultaneously enhancing tree vigor and improving walnut yield and quality.
According to the invention, 40% manganese zinc is coated on the walnut in the high-incidence period of walnut rot, so that the walnut rot is effectively prevented and treated, and the phenomena that the walnut rot cannot be better reserved due to green loss, separation of bark from xylem and withered branch caused by disease infection, and the walnut tree body is weaker and cannot better resist other diseases are avoided. The invention effectively prevents and controls the walnut tree canker, can better protect the tree body and reduce the incidence rate of walnut virus diseases. In the walnut kernel filling period, the biological agent is applied for the second time, so that the growth of the root system and the absorption of nutrient components are effectively promoted, the tree vigor of the walnut tree is improved, and the occurrence degree of walnut virus diseases is effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of damage symptoms of an umbilical part of a walnut virus disease fruit selected from a test plot according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the symptom of premature fruit dehiscence of the walnut virus disease in the selected test plot.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Selecting walnut trees with the age of 8 years as test objects, wherein the planting mode is that the row spacing of the walnut trees is 8 multiplied by 6m, the test area is 140 mu, the soil is sandy loam, the fertility is moderate, and walnut virus diseases occur in relatively heavy plots in the previous year of test; the experiment starts in 3 last ten days of each year, 10 mu of land is removed from the left side and the right side of the land block respectively to be used as a protection row, 120 mu of land in the middle is taken as test land and divided into 6 zones, 20 mu of land is used in each zone, the 1 st zone corresponds to the embodiment 1, the 2 nd zone corresponds to the comparative example 1, the 3 rd zone corresponds to the comparative example 2, the 4 th zone corresponds to the comparative example 3, the 5 th zone corresponds to the comparative example 4, and the 6 th zone corresponds to the comparative example 5. The disease incidence of the current-year walnut trees is counted in real time after the fruits are picked in the last ten days to the middle 10 months, the disease incidence is recorded in each treatment by taking a plant as a unit, the number of diseased walnut trees at each level is counted according to disease grading standards, disease indexes are calculated, the specific grading standards are shown in table 1, and the diameters and the yields of the walnuts in each treatment are measured.
TABLE 1 grading Standard of walnut Virus disease conditions
The incidence rate is the number of diseased plants/total investigated plants × 100%.
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) coating the tree trunk with white color in the beginning of 3 months, trimming the tree body, removing dead branches and fallen leaves, taking the tree out of the orchard for landfill or incineration, and then spraying 800 times of diluent of 40% manganese zinc to sterilize the tree body.
(2) And (3) regulating and controlling the microecology of the soil in the sprouting period of the tree body: in the sprouting period of fruit trees from the first ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days, digging an annular ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30cm at the position 50cm away from a trunk under the crown, uniformly pouring 350 times of a diluent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 100 hundred million spores/g into the annular ditch, wherein the dosage of the liquid medicine is 50 kg/plant, and covering by ridging after the liquid medicine is infiltrated.
(3) The walnut fruit can prevent and control diseases and pests in the rapid growth period: in the first to last ten days of 5 months, 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin 1000-fold liquid is sprayed on leaf surfaces, 18 percent of pymetrozine and buprofezin suspending agent is sprayed on soil and weeds on the lower surface layers of trees and crowns, and the insect pests with different insect states such as aphids and excellent rice borers which harm walnuts and the like and possible virus transmission mediators are prevented and treated.
(4) Disease control in the hardening period of walnut shells: in the last 6 to 7 months, when walnut shells enter a hardening period and also an emergent period of walnut virus diseases, 100 hundred million spores/g of 600-fold diluent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum and 0.5 percent 500-fold diluent of amino-oligosaccharin are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a pesticide mixed solution, and the crown is sprayed for 1 time; and directly smearing 40% manganese-zinc 350 times diluent on the walnut rot disease spots, and smearing twice after 7 days.
(5) And (3) prevention and treatment of the walnut kernel in the filling period: in the first 7 to the last 8 months, the walnut begins to enter a kernel filling period and is also a peak period of a manifestation period of walnut virus diseases, 2 nd root irrigation treatment is carried out on the walnut tree by adopting 350-time diluent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 100 hundred million spores/g, and simultaneously 1% macleaya cordata extract, veratrine aqua is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the crown, so that mites damaging the walnut and other pests with different insect states are prevented and treated, and possible virus-transmission mediators are used for preventing diseases and pests.
(6) Field management after fruit picking: and (3) managing moderate water and fertilizer, and performing comprehensive disease prevention and control by conventional management measures such as autumn pruning, field cleaning, lime sulphur mixture spraying and the like after harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the treatment in step (2) was not performed.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that 0.5% of the amino-oligosaccharin in step (3) was not sprayed.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the example 1 is that the liquid medicine sprayed in the step (4) does not contain 100 hundred million spores/g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the walnut rot disease control in step (4) was not performed.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the biological agent in step (5) was not applied to the root irrigation 2 times.
Conventional control of fruit growers
(1) And (3) coating the tree trunk with white color at the beginning of 3 months, trimming the tree body, removing dead branches and fallen leaves, taking the tree out of the orchard for landfill or incineration, and then spraying 5 Baume-degree lime sulfur mixture for clearing the orchard, so that the overwintering disease and pest base number is reduced.
(2) The sprouting period of the tree body: and applying decomposed cattle and sheep manure (2.0 tons/mu) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (15 kg/mu) as base fertilizers at the rhizosphere under the crown.
(3) And (3) prevention and treatment of walnut rot: in the middle 6 th to the last 7 th of the month, 400 times of 80% mancozeb dilution of 400 times of liquid is smeared after disease spots are scraped, and 1500 times of 20% abamectin and azocyclotin is sprayed to prevent and control the walnut red spiders.
(4) Field management after fruit picking: and (3) managing moderate water and fertilizer, and performing comprehensive disease prevention and control by conventional management measures such as autumn pruning, field cleaning, lime sulphur mixture spraying and the like after harvesting.
The average incidence rate and disease index of the walnut virus disease are measured and calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 mean incidence and disease index of walnut virus diseases
| Grouping | Average incidence of disease (%) | Index of disease condition |
| Conventional control of fruit growers | 47.8 | 7.29 |
| Example 1 | 6.64 | 1.02 |
| Comparative example 1 | 31.6 | 6.15 |
| Comparative example 2 | 13.8 | 1.85 |
| Comparative example 3 | 21.4 | 4.03 |
| Comparative example 4 | 10.2 | 1.43 |
| Comparative example 5 | 26.5 | 4.25 |
Through the embodiment 1, the comparative examples 1 to 5 and the conventional prevention and control of fruit growers, the generation of walnut virus diseases is effectively controlled through the combination strategy of root irrigation of the biological fungicide, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and later-stage leaf spraying and disease prevention, the average disease occurrence rate of the embodiment 1 is only 6.64%, the average disease index is reduced to 1.02, and the method is obviously superior to the conventional prevention and control of fruit growers; in the comparative example 1, under the condition that the biological bacterial fertilizer is not adopted for root irrigation treatment for the 1 st time, the average incidence rate of diseases is obviously increased and increased to 31.6%, the disease index is also increased to 6.15, so that the biological bacterial agent is applied to walnut trees in the bud stage, the walnut virus disease control effect is obviously reduced, and the biological bacterial agent has an excellent effect on the prevention and control of the walnut virus disease; from the effects of the embodiment 1 and the effects of the comparative examples 1 to 5, whether biological bacterial manure is applied or not, whether walnut rot is prevented or not, whether a pesticide is sprayed to the leaf surfaces or not, and whether microbial inoculum is applied for the second time, all can have certain influence on the prevention and treatment effect of walnut virus diseases.
The fruit diameter and the yield of walnuts in the conventional control of the fruit growers in the example 1, the comparative examples 1 to 5 and the measurement result are shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 chlorophyll content of walnut leaf in hard nucleus stage, fruit diameter and yield in mature stage
| Grouping | Fruit diameter (Length is multiplied by width mm) | Dry walnut yield (kg)/acre |
| Conventional control of fruit growers | 53.33×52.24 | 206.21 |
| Example 1 | 62.35×61.13 | 278.46 |
| Comparative example 1 | 55.43×54.18 | 213.26 |
| Comparative example 2 | 59.27×58.69 | 260.14 |
| Comparative example 3 | 59.12×57.68 | 231.23 |
| Comparative example 4 | 61.23×60.55 | 269.88 |
| Comparative example 5 | 56.12×55.78 | 223.05 |
As can be seen from table 3, after the walnut virus disease is prevented and treated by the technical means of embodiment 1 of the present invention, the walnut yield is significantly increased, and the technical effect is significant, so that the optimal treatment means of the method for preventing and treating walnut virus disease provided by the present invention is the technical scheme provided by embodiment 1.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preventing and treating the walnut virus disease is characterized by comprising the following steps of: irrigating a biological microbial inoculum in the germination period of a fruit tree, spraying a disease-resistant agent in the rapid growth period of walnut fruit, spraying a pesticide mixed solution in the hardening period of walnut kernel, and irrigating the biological microbial inoculum again in the filling period of walnut kernel, wherein conventional field management is carried out in the period;
the pesticide mixed solution comprises 100 hundred million spores/g bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum and 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin.
2. The method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases according to claim 1, further comprising spraying 18% of a pymetrozine-buprofezin suspending agent during the rapid growth period of walnut fruits and spraying 1% of a macleaya cordata extract-veratrine aqueous solution during the filling period of walnut kernels.
3. The method for preventing and treating walnut viral diseases according to claim 1, further comprising performing walnut rot disease prevention and treatment during the walnut viral disease prevention and treatment.
4. The method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the biological agent is bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 agent with a bacterial content of 100 hundred million spores/g.
5. The method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases according to claim 4, wherein the two times of biological agent irrigation is specifically that an annular groove 40cm wide and 30cm deep is dug at a position 50cm away from a trunk under a crown, the biological agent is diluted to 350 times to obtain a liquid medicine, the liquid medicine is poured into the annular groove, the liquid medicine is covered with hilling after infiltration, and the dosage of the liquid medicine is 15-50 kg per plant.
6. The method for preventing and treating walnut virus disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disease-resistant agent is a 1000-fold dilution of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin.
7. The method for preventing and treating the walnut virus disease as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 18% pymetrozine suspending agent is sprayed by preparing the 18% pymetrozine suspending agent into liquid medicine with the concentration of 150mg/L for foliar spraying.
8. The method for preventing and treating the walnut virus disease according to claim 2, wherein the spraying method of the aqueous solution of the 1% macleaya cordata extract and veratrine is specifically that the aqueous solution of the 1% macleaya cordata extract and veratrine is diluted 1200 times and then sprayed to the leaf surface.
9. The method for preventing and treating the walnut virus disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the pesticide mixed solution specifically comprises the following steps: diluting a bacillus amyloliquefaciens GLD191 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 100 hundred million spores/g by 600 times, diluting 0.5% of amino-oligosaccharin by 500 times, and mixing two liquid medicines according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the pesticide mixed solution.
10. The method for preventing and treating walnut virus diseases according to claim 3, wherein the prevention and treatment of walnut rot disease specifically comprises the steps of directly smearing disease spots by using 40% multi-manganese zinc 350-fold diluent, and smearing twice after 7 d.
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| CN114097501A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-01 | 佳木斯大学 | Biological control method for garden plant diseases and insect pests in cold temperate zone |
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| US20100028470A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2010-02-04 | Hartington Business , S.L. | Isolated extract of walnuts, method for its obtention and its use |
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