CN113207516B - Method for preventing and treating rubber tree lecanium lecanii by using Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating rubber tree lecanium lecanii by using Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling rubber tree ceroplastes by using Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii, which comprises the steps of temperature exercise of Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii and release of Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii; the temperature exercise of the Japanese scale aphid apis cerana comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of the stored pupae from the storage temperature to 26-28 ℃, and standing for 5-6 h after raising the temperature to finish the first temperature exercise; and after the first temperature exercise is finished, transferring the pupae into a box at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for placing for at least 1h to finish the second temperature exercise. The temperature exercise is carried out on the parasitic wasps of the Japanese scale before the parasitic wasps are released, so that the survival rate, the egg laying amount and the service life of the parasitic wasps from indoor to outdoor can be improved. The method is simple and easy to operate, harmless, low in cost and beneficial to industrial popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests, in particular to a method for controlling rubber Lecanicillium lecanii by using Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii.
Background
Lecanicillium lecanii is an important group in the superfamily of hemiptera cocci. The pests mainly take the sap of the host-feeding plants by the thorns of adults and nymphs, so that yellow leaves, fallen leaves, withered branches and even the whole plants die, and the pests can secrete honeydew to induce the host plants to generate soot diseases to influence the photosynthesis of the plants. It has been reported that many crops such as rubber, mango, cassava and citrus suffer from the hazards of many lecanicillium scales, resulting in reduced yield and quality. The rubber is a tropical crop which is seriously damaged by Ceroplastes floridensis, such as Paralechiastria nigner, saissetia oleracea Olivier, tortoise Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock and the like in recent years.
The back of an insect of the family Lecanicillidae has a thick wax shell, a large number of species of Lecanicillium lecanii lay eggs under the body of the insect, and the eggs and the initially hatched nymphs are protected by the thick wax shell, so that the ideal effect of preventing and treating the Lecanicillium lecanii by using chemical agents is often difficult to achieve. In addition, in recent years, efficient organophosphorus pesticides for scale insects such as methidathion, omethoate and the like are forbidden, medium and low-toxicity pesticides such as dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and the like are limited, the types of available pesticides for preventing and treating the lecanicillium carmichaeli are few, and in addition, the rubber tree is tall and big, the current pesticide is difficult to deliver to the top part of the crown affected by the rubber tree, so that the production and control have the conditions of more pesticide application frequency, poor pesticide prevention and control effect, serious ecological environment pollution and the like. The pest control by utilizing natural enemy insects is a biological control technology for controlling pests by using insects, and has the advantages of safety, ecology, high efficiency, sustainability and the like. Therefore, since the eruption of Ericerus pela on rubber trees, domestic research on natural enemy insects of insects in the Ericerus pela family and the like has been carried out, and the minor spotted-wing aphid, the minor spotted-cercus calomythifolius, the major hornworm Qufeng Metaphycus parasaisstiae Zhang and Huang, the Japanese Icelandi bee Coccophagus japonica company, the elegant Qiwang Qu bee Diversinervus elegans Silvestri, the blue Changbai bee Scutellaria caerulea Fonscolombe and the like are selected as the natural dominant natural enemies of the local.
The Apis cerana Querci is a mid-term parasitic bee of insects in the family of the Lecanidae, such as Erysipela acorus, erysipelothrix Kuwana, cericerus phora, cericerus japonica japonicum japonica Green, cericerus rubens Maskelel, eleusines oleaster, and Cericerus fusca Coccus hespidum Linnaeus. Researches show that the bee has a good control effect on 2-year nymphs, 3-year nymphs and adults in the early stage of oviposition of Ericerus pela, so that the applicant develops a corresponding propagation technology (patent number ZL 201610584035.3) specially for the bee, produces natural enemy products in a large scale, and solves the problems of a low-temperature storage technology and a release technology. Research shows that the indoor propagation of small Japanese scale aphids can establish outdoor population, control pests such as Erysipelothrix kuwani, canarium oleander, ericerus pela, tortoise pelagi and the like well, and can be popularized and applied in production to control insects in the Lecanidae.
Rubber lecanium is mostly generated in perennial high-temperature areas of subtropics of heat zones such as Hainan and the like, and the eclosion rate, the service life, the egg laying amount and the like of the small Japanese lecanium lecanii at higher temperature are obviously reduced, which seriously influences the control effect of the small Japanese lecanium lecanii on the lecanium lecanii. At present, relevant reports on how to improve the control effect of the Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii on the lecanicillium lecanii under the high-temperature condition are rarely seen.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling rubber tree ceroplastes rubens by using Japanese Lecanicillium ovale.
The scheme relates to the following contents:
a method for preventing and treating rubber tree ceroplastes rubens by using Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii comprises the steps of temperature exercise of Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii and release of Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii; the temperature exercise of the Japanese scale aphid apis cerana comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of the stored pupae from the storage temperature to 26-28 ℃, and standing for 5-6 h after raising the temperature to finish the first temperature exercise; and after the first temperature exercise is finished, transferring the pupae into a box at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for placing for at least 1h to finish the second temperature exercise.
Preferably, the time for the second temperature exercise is 1 to 5 hours or 15 hours.
Preferably, the rate of temperature increase from the storage temperature to 26-28 ℃ is 0.5-0.6 ℃/min.
Preferably, the pupae are bred to 3 days of age at room temperature, and then stored in an artificial climate box with 12 +/-1 ℃, 70-75% RH, 2000lx of illumination intensity, 12L of light cycle.
Preferably, the light intensity is 1000 to 3500lx in the first temperature exercise and the second temperature exercise. Preferably, the releasing of the apis cerana japonicas comprises: the male-female ratio 4:1, the parasitic wasp is released for 2-3 times at intervals of 20-25 d for 1 time.
Preferably, the simple breathable rainproof bee releasing device (ZL 201621401999.2) invented by the inventor is used as a parasitic bee releasing device, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating belt with the width of 2-3cm is coated on the outer surface of the bee releasing device to be used for ant prevention treatment, and a sucrose aqueous solution with the mass percentage of 15-20% is arranged in the bee releasing device.
Preferably, the distance between the bee placers is 6-10 m, and 250-400 bees are arranged in each bee placer.
Preferably, the releasing ratio of the apis cerana smith is 1 female bee to 30-60 coccid.
Preferably, the state of the released wasps is adult wasps or old wasp pupas.
Preferably, the rubber Lecanicillium lecanii is Paraselagissistria nigra Nietner.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the small Japanese scale aphid apis cerana is a parasitoid wasp of the scale insect, can parasitose a plurality of development stages from 2 th age to early egg laying period of the scale insect, and has better comprehensive control effect on the scale insect than the parasitoid wasp which singly controls the adult or the nymph.
2. The invention provides a method for exercising the temperature of the parasitic wasps of the Japanese scale before releasing, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate, the egg laying amount and the service life of the parasitic wasps from indoor to outdoor.
3. The invention provides the releasing proportion, the releasing time, the requirement of the releasing condition, the supplement of the nutrition species and the like of the small Japanese myzus persicae, which is beneficial to the colonization of the bees in the field and the improvement of the pest control capability of the bees.
4. The sustainable biological prevention and control technology for the rubber Lecanicillium lecanii provided by the invention does not cause any adverse effect on the ecological environment and the human health in the prevention and control process.
5. The biological control technology for the lecanicillium lecanii provided by the invention can be applied to control the scale insects on the rubber trees and can also be applied to control the lecanicillium lecanii on other fruits and vegetables, thereby being beneficial to improving the quality of the related fruits and vegetables and ensuring the food safety of the related fruits and vegetables.
6. The invention further discovers that temperature exercise and illumination exercise are beneficial to prolonging the service life of the adult wasp of the Japanese icerya purchasi.
Drawings
FIG. 1: statistical plot of the results of experiment 1.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
A method for preventing and treating rubber tree lecanium lecanii by using Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii comprises the following steps:
(1) Temperature training before parasitic wasp release
Raising the temperature of the small bee pupa of the Japanese scale aphid stored at the temperature of 12 plus or minus 1 ℃ from the storage temperature of 12 plus or minus 1 ℃ to the temperature of 27 plus or minus 1 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 0.5 to 0.6 ℃/min, and standing for 5 to 6 hours after the temperature is raised, thereby completing the first temperature exercise. After the first temperature exercise is finished, the Japanese scale aphid apis cerana pupae are placed in a box with the temperature of 30-32 ℃, the RH of 70-75% and the illumination condition (1000-3500 lx) for at least 1h, and the second temperature exercise is finished.
(2) Parasitic bee release
Since Hainan is the peak period of Erysiphe acorus in 3-5 months and 10-11 months, the Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii is released to control Erysiphe acorus in 3-10 months or 10-10 months.
Before releasing bees, the outer surface of the bee outlet of the bee releaser is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating tape for ant prevention treatment, and a sucrose aqueous solution supplementing device with the mass percentage of 15-20% is placed in the bee releaser. 300-350 heads (female-male ratio 4:1) of the eclosion japonica aphid vespids are placed into a bee placer, and then the bee outlet of the bee placer faces downwards and is hung on branches at an inclination of 45 ℃ for vespids release. The releasing time is 9 AM. Releasing parasitic wasps for 1 time every 20-25 days and 2-3 times.
To further verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following comparative verification tests were performed:
test 1. Effect of temperature exercise on survival of Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii at high temperature
The test method comprises the following steps: raising the stored pupae (pupae grown to 3 days old at room temperature, then stored in a 12 + -1 deg.C RH, 70-75% RH, illumination intensity 2000lx, photoperiod 12L; then placing the pupae in a climatic chamber (illumination conditions of 2000lx and RH70% -75%) at 30 ℃ and 32 ℃ for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 hours of exercise, respectively moving the pupae into a climatic chamber (illumination intensity of 2000lx and RH70% -75%) at 39 ℃ for 3 hours after the exercise is finished, and then moving the pupae into a climatic chamber (70-75% RH, illumination intensity of 2000lx and light period of 12L. The blank control is pupa which develops to eclosion at 27 deg.C, each exercise treatment is repeated 3 times, and each exercise treatment is repeated 50 pupa.
And (3) test results: the test results are shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the eclosion rate of the stored pupae without exercise after treatment at 39 ℃ is only 22.67%, which is significantly lower than that of other treatments except for the treatment of 10h with exercise at 30 ℃. The emergence rate of each exercise treatment is between 24.67% and 63.33%, and is obviously lower than that of a control, wherein the emergence rate is the highest (63.33%) in each exercise treatment when the exercise is carried out for 5 hours at 30 ℃. Therefore, the stored pupae have poor adaptability to 39 ℃, the eclosion rate can be greatly improved by an effective exercise mode, and the exercise at 30 ℃ for 5 hours is the optimal exercise mode.
Experiment 2. Service life and egg laying amount of adult bees after eclosion of vespid pupae after high-temperature exercise
The test method comprises the following steps: the pupae stored in the Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii (i.e., pupae which developed to 3 days of age at room temperature and subsequently stored in a 12. + -. 1 ℃ C., 70-75% RH, illumination intensity 2000lx, 12L. After eclosion, part of the apis cerana are used as bee life observation, and the method comprises respectively placing 30 female bees into 3 finger-shaped tubes, respectively, adding 20% sucrose as supplementary nutrient solution, placing into a climatic chamber at 33 deg.C, 35 deg.C, and 37 deg.C, and observing adult life; the other part of the young bees is exercised for egg laying observation, and the method comprises the steps of intensively mating the emerging young bees for 1d, then using 3-year nymphs of Erysipela pellegrina as hosts, and carrying out artificial climate box at 33 ℃, 35 ℃ and 37 ℃ according to the weight ratio of 1 bee: 30 scale of the scale insect is inoculated to the bee for 24 hours, and then the egg laying amount in the scale insect body is observed in an anatomical manner. The test was repeated 3 times with non-exercised stored pupae as control.
And (3) test results: the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the survival time and egg laying amount of the stored pupae of the Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii are significantly greater than those of the control at 33 ℃, 35 ℃ and 37 ℃ after the temperature exercise before release. The temperature exercise of the small Japanese Lecanicillium praecox is beneficial to improving the reproductive capacity of the small Japanese Lecanicillium praecox under the high-temperature condition.
TABLE 1 adult life and egg laying amount of Okayamyzus japonicus after temperature exercise under different high temperature conditions
Experiment 3, prevention and control experiment of Japanese Lecanicillium vicarium on Yangjiang rubber subsidiary Lecanicillium lecanii in Hainan sea rubber group seedling division
The test method comprises the following steps: the Yangjiang nursery base of the Hainan sea rubber group seedling division company is in the peak period of Erysipela pelagica in 3-5 months and 10-11 months. Therefore, the experiment shows that the young Japanese Ichthyophthirius gecko is released to control the young Japanese Ichthyophthirius gecko in the seedling nursery (with the plant height of 80-120 cm) in 3 months of 2019Ericaria tangutica. Setting southeast area of nursery as bee-keeping area for laying Japanese scale aphid apis cerana after temperature exercise, setting southwest area of nursery as non-exercise bee-keeping area for laying Japanese scale aphid apis cerana, setting northwest area of nursery as control area (without parasitic wasp), and setting 3 areas in each area with 1200m area 2 The survey point of (1). After parasitic wasps are released for the first time in 3 months and 5 days in the wasp releasing area, the wasps are released for 3 times at intervals of 20 days. After 7 weeks (24 days in 4 months) of bee releasing, 20 seedlings are randomly selected from each investigation point to investigate and count the number of the parasitic coccid and the number of the parasitic coccid, and the prevention and treatment effect is calculated.
And (3) test results: table 2 shows the statistical results of the tests, and it can be seen from Table 2 that releasing the Apis cerana Fabricius of the Japanese Lecanicillium lecanii can achieve good control effect on Erysipela pelagica on rubber trees, the control effect of the 3 temperature-exercised wasp test districts is 74.24-86.96 percent, the average control effect is 81.28 percent, and the control effect is obviously higher than that of the test districts where the wasps are not exercised (47.83 percent).
TABLE 2 prevention and control effect of Okazus japonicus on Erythrocytus peltatus in Yangjiang rubber nursery of Hainan sea rubber group seedling division
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing and controlling rubber tree ceroplastes lecanii by using Japanese myzus persicae is characterized by comprising the steps of temperature exercise of the Japanese myzus persicae and release of the Japanese myzus persicae;
the temperature exercise of the Japanese scale aphid apis cerana comprises the following steps: raising the storage temperature of the pupae from 26 to 28 ℃, heating and then placing for 5 to 6 hours to finish the first temperature exercise; after the first temperature exercise is finished, the pupae are placed in a box at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for 1-5h or 15h, and the second temperature exercise is finished;
the rubber treeThe Lecanicillium lecanii is Lecanicillium lecaniiParasaissetia nigra Nietner。
2. The method for controlling rubber Lecanicillium lecanii by using the apis cerana japonicas according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate from the storage temperature to 26 to 28 ℃ is 0.5 to 0.6 ℃/min.
3. The method for controlling rubber trees and lecanicillium lecanii using the apis cerana japonicas according to claim 1, wherein the pupae stored is a pupae cultivated to 3 days old at room temperature and then stored in an artificial climatic chamber of 12 ± 1 ℃, 70 to 75% rh, 2000lx illumination intensity, 12l photoperiod, 12d, 27 to 31 d.
4. The method for controlling rubber Lecanicillium lecanii by using the apis cerana japonicas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intensity of light is 1000 to 3500lx at the first and second temperature exercises.
5. The method for controlling rubber tree ceroplastes lecanii using apis ceranae apis japonensis according to claim 1, wherein said releasing apis ceranae apis japonensis comprises: the female-male ratio 4:1 is that the parasitic wasp 2~3 is released for 1 time every 20 to 25 days.
6. The method for controlling rubber trees and lecanicillium lecanii by utilizing the apis cerana peck and the apis cerana peck as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bee container is filled with 15% -20% by mass of sucrose aqueous solution.
7. The method for controlling rubber Lecanicillium lecanii by using the Japanese mealybug apis cerana according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the bee placers is 6-10m, and each bee placer is filled with 250-400 bees.
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