CN108739675B - Large-scale breeding method for Encarsia bimaculata - Google Patents
Large-scale breeding method for Encarsia bimaculata Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241001455007 Encarsia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001481304 Vespoidea Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorvos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC=C(Cl)Cl OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950001327 dichlorvos Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000338116 Amyda Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001454772 Encarsia formosa Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale breeding method of whitefly pest specific parasitic wasps-two-spotted Encarsia aphidicola, which is completed in five independent greenhouses of a clean plant planting room, a whitefly inoculation room, a whitefly breeding room, a two-spotted Encarsia aphidicola inoculation room and a whitefly-two-spotted Encarsia aphidicola apis separating room. The method comprises the following steps in sequence: planting and cultivating host plants of tobacco, cotton, tomato, cabbage mustard and poinsettia; inoculating different host plants, namely whiteflies; whitefly development on different host plants, inoculation of the apis albopictus, separation of the apis albopictus and apis albopictus, collection of bee pupae, production and storage of pupae boxes and the like. By the technical scheme, the large-scale propagation of the apis dimidiata can be realized, and the adaptability of the apis dimidiata to hosts during actual whitefly prevention and control can be improved by multi-host plant cultivation, so that the parasitic efficiency of the apis dimidiata is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural and forestry pest biological control, and particularly relates to a large-scale propagation method of Encarsia bimaculata.
Background
In recent years, with global warming, the occurrence and harm of whitefly pests such as bemisia tabaci and greenhouse whitefly become more serious year by year, and serious economic loss is caused to crops and flowers due to the characteristics of wide host range, rapid development of drug resistance and the like. At present, pesticide control is still the main means for controlling whitefly pests, but the pesticide is used for killing natural enemy insects due to the problems of residue, environmental pollution, increase of pesticide resistance of pests and the like. Therefore, the biological control method of whiteflies becomes a hot spot of current research and application.
The Coprinus atramentarius belongs to the family of Pneumoniae, is one of dominant parasitic wasps of Bemisia pests in south China, plays an important role in preventing and controlling the Bemisia pests in nature, and has good application prospect. The green biological control technology for controlling whitefly pests by using the Amyda aphidicola has gradually received attention of people. However, no research on the scale production of the apis dimidiata has been found so far, so that the control effect of the apis dimidiata on the whitefly pests is greatly limited. Therefore, the research on the scale production technology of the Encarsia bimaculata apis for developing the biological control application of the whitefly pests has good economic, ecological and social significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of supplementing the blank of the breeding technology of the apis dimidiata aphidius and providing a method for breeding the apis dimidiata aphidius on a large scale.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a large-scale breeding method of Encarsia bimaculata apis comprises the following steps:
s1, host plant planting: planting different kinds of host plants required for the growth and breeding of whiteflies;
s2, whitefly inoculation: respectively putting different kinds of host plants with good growth vigor S1 into insect rearing cages of a whitefly inoculation chamber, inoculating whiteflies in the egg laying prime period to the host plants through leaf cages, controlling the number of the adult whiteflies in each host plant leaf to be 80-100, and allowing the whiteflies to breed and lay eggs for 24 hours at the rate of 30-40 eggs/cm2Preferably, removing all whitefly adults, and controlling the temperature of an inoculation chamber to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60% -80%;
s3, whitefly breeding: transferring the host plant inoculated with the whitefly eggs in the S2 to a whitefly breeding room, and uniformly placing the host plant to ensure that the whitefly eggs are hatched and developed; if the host plant has residual whitefly imagoes, the host plant can be fumigated for 4 hours by using a dichlorvos paper strip to kill the residual whitefly imagoes; controlling the temperature of the breeding chamber to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80%, and inoculating the apis mellifera when the number of the nymphaea chinensis on the back of the leaves grows to 2-3 years;
s4, breeding female bees of the Encarsia bimaculata Okino: transferring a host plant with 2-3-year-old whitefly nymphs in S3 to a two-spotted Encarsia aphidicola inoculation chamber, and according to the ratio of bees: 1:20 of whitefly, inoculating the mated female bee of the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed, removing the bee after 2-3 days, and obtaining the female pupa of the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed after 10-11 days when the indoor temperature of the bee inoculating room is 22-28 ℃ and the humidity is 60% -80%;
s5, breeding drone of the Ozuki aphides: transferring a host plant with 3-year-old whitefly nymphs parasitized by the young bee of the two-spotted aphid to a breeding room of the male bee of the two-spotted aphid, counting the number of the parasitized whitefly nymphs, and performing the following steps according to the number of the parasitized whitefly nymphs: the empyema impetigo wasp is inoculated into the latter in a ratio of =5:1, so that the empyema impetigo wasp can parasitize the previously parasitized whitefly nymph, and the empyema impetigo wasp drone is obtained in such a way; controlling the indoor temperature of the bee receiving room to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80%, and obtaining the drone pupa of the Encarsia bimaculata after 10-11 days;
s6, inoculating and breeding the apis dichotoma: uniformly placing the host plant with the 2-3-year whitefly nymphs in the S3 in a parasitic wasp inoculation chamber, and enabling parasitic wasps with emergence time within 24 hours in S4 and S5 to be as follows: male =2:1, carrying out population mixing in advance, and enabling the Amyda bimaculata to freely mate for 24-48 hours; then, according to the weight ratio of whiteflies: parasitic wasps =20:1, inoculating the aphidius gifuensis to a leaf cage, enabling the aphidius gifuensis to parasitize whitefly nymphs, and removing the parasitic wasps after 4-5 days; controlling the indoor temperature of the bee grafting breeding room to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80%;
s7, a whitefly-aphidius gifuensis separating chamber: and after 8-12 days, eclosion of whiteflies which are not parasitized by the Aphidius multiformis into imagoes at this moment, and false pupa shells are remained, at this moment, the plants can be moved to a whitefly-Aphidius multiformis separation chamber, host plant leaves can be picked, and bee boxes are manufactured after drying in the shade, or the plants are washed off by water to manufacture Aphidius multiformis pupa cards, and the Aphidius multiformis stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 8-10 ℃.
The breeding method of the invention adopts various host plants, and the whitefly is bred in a mixed way and then the apis diminuta is bred, so that the host adaptability of the parasitic wasp can be improved, and the parasitic rate in the application process of the parasitic wasp is improved. In addition, the host plants have more and large leaves and smooth leaf surfaces, so that the whitefly propagation is facilitated and the bee box is preferably manufactured, and the host plants are at least two of tobacco, cotton, cabbage mustard and poinsettia at S1.
Preferably, more than 8 true leaves of tobacco, more than 6 true leaves of cotton, more than 6 true leaves of cabbage and more than 6 true leaves of poinsettia are cut off old leaves and sprayed with dichlorvos to kill insects for one month for later use.
Preferably, the host plants of S1 are all planted in a pot, so that the management is convenient.
Preferably, the distance interval between each potted plant in the host plant planting room, the whitefly inoculation room, the whitefly breeding room and the apis cerana bimaculata inoculation breeding room is 20-30 cm.
Preferably, the five greenhouses of the host plant planting room, the whitefly inoculation room, the whitefly breeding room, the Encarsia bimaculata inoculation breeding room and the whitefly-aphidius isolation room are all independently separated and do not interfere with each other, the indoor conditions are controlled to be 22-28 ℃ (preferably 26 ℃), RH 60-80% (preferably 65%), and the illumination darkness L: D =14: 10.
Compared with other existing aphidius gifuensis breeding technologies, the aphidius gifuensis breeding method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the Encarsia bimaculata is the dominant parasitic wasp of whitefly pests in south China, and has obvious biological control effect on the whitefly pests in protected areas or facility agriculture.
(2) According to the large-scale propagation method of the Encarsia bimaculata apis, host plants are adopted, the capability of resisting other insects and disease infection is stronger than that of a single host plant, meanwhile, the whitefly is bred by the various host plants, and then the parasitic wasps are bred, so that the host adaptability of the parasitic wasps can be improved, and the parasitic rate in the practical application process of the parasitic wasps is improved.
(3) The large-scale breeding method of the Encarsia bimaculata apis is simple and easy to master, can realize the annual uninterrupted breeding of the Encarsia bimaculata apis, and can be learned in a short time even if no professional knowledge is available; the raising cost is low, and huge social, ecological and economic benefits can be brought after the bee box or the bee card is used for field whitefly prevention and control when the bee box or the bee card is obtained in large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Facility preparation
Building a host plant planting room, a whitefly inoculation room, a whitefly breeding room, a two-spotted Encarsia formosa inoculation propagation room and a whitefly-aphidius isolation room: the area is determined according to the requirement, and is generally 30-50 m2All installing exhaust fans and 1.5 cooling and heating air conditioners to control the temperature, placing insect culture racks with different quantities according to the area size, and installing a timing switch to controlAnd switching on and off the lamp tube of the insect culture rack.
Insect culturing frame: the insect breeding device comprises a plurality of insect breeding frames of 165cm x 130cm x 75cm, each frame is divided into two layers, 6 fluorescent lamps of 28w are installed at the top of each layer, and a manual switch is installed on each layer of each insect breeding frame.
(2) Feeding conditions
Temperature, humidity and lighting conditions: indoor conditions of a host plant culture room, a whitefly inoculation room, a whitefly propagation room, a parasitic wasp inoculation room and a propagation room are controlled to be 22-28 ℃ (26 ℃ is optimal), RH60% -80% (65% is optimal), and the illumination darkness L of illumination is D =14: 10.
(3) Preparation of insect source
Bemisia tabaci: insect source from the project center of biological prevention and treatment education department (south China university of agriculture)
Encarsia bimaculata wasp: insect source from the project center of biological prevention and treatment education department (south China university of agriculture)
(4) Host plant cultivation
The tobacco coated seeds (PVH 19) are produced by cigarette seeds Limited liability company in Yunxi, cotton is purchased from a seed management station in Weifang city in Shandong province, cabbage is purchased from a seed management station in Weifang city in Shandong province, poinsettia is potted and purchased from flower market in Fushanchencun, the cotton, the tobacco and the cabbage are grown, the grown seedlings are transplanted into a plant culture room according to batches for potting, poinsettia is cut off old leaves and sprayed with dichlorvos for insecticidal treatment, and pesticide is sprayed when more than 8 true leaves of the tobacco, more than 6 true leaves of the cotton, more than 6 true leaves of the cabbage and the poinsettia are placed for more than one month for standby. Tobacco, cotton and cabbage mustard are transplanted every 20 days and poinsettia is purchased periodically to ensure that host plants are reserved all the year round.
(5) Inoculation of Bemisia tabaci
Respectively placing different kinds of host plants with good growth vigor in the step (4) into insect rearing cages of the bemisia tabaci inoculation chamber, inoculating bemisia tabaci in the oviposition stage onto the host plants through the leaf cages, controlling the number of adult bemisia tabaci leaves of each host plant to be 80-100, breeding and laying eggs for 24 hours, and then breeding and laying eggs at the rate of 30-40 eggs/cm2Preferably, then allThe adult bemisia tabaci is removed. The temperature of the inoculation chamber is controlled to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%.
(6) Bemisia tabaci breeding
And (4) transferring the host plant inoculated with the eggs of the bemisia tabaci in the step (5) to a bemisia tabaci breeding chamber, and uniformly placing the host plant to ensure that the eggs of the bemisia tabaci are hatched and developed. If the host plant is checked to have residual Bemisia tabaci imagoes, the host plant can be fumigated for 4 hours by using a dichlorvos paper strip to kill the residual Bemisia tabaci imagoes. The temperature of the breeding chamber is controlled to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 60-80%. And (3) when the number of the Bemisia tabaci nymphs on the back surfaces of the leaves grows to 2-3 years, inoculating the Blueslea bimaculata.
(7) Breeding of apis dichotoma
Transferring the host plant with the 2-3-year whitefly nymphs in the step (6) to a two-spotted Encarsia formosa inoculation chamber, and according to the ratio of bees: and (3) inoculating 1:20 whiteflies into the mated female bee of the Aphidius multiformis, removing the bee after 2-3 days, and obtaining the female pupa of the Aphidius multiformis after the indoor temperature of the bee inoculating room is 22-28 ℃ and the humidity is 60% -80% and 10-11 days.
(8) Male bee breeding of Encarsia bimaculata
Transferring the host plant with the 2-3 th instar bemisia tabaci nymphs parasitized by the small Aphidius diplodiella to a large breeding room of the small Aphidius diplodiella, counting the number of the parasitized bemisia tabaci nymphs, and according to the parasitized bemisia tabaci nymphs: the empyema biflorus wasp =5:1 is inoculated into the latter to enable the empyema biflorus wasp to parasitize a previously parasitized bemisia tabaci nymph, and the empyema biflorus wasp drone is obtained in such a way. The drone male pupa of the Encarsia bimaculata can be obtained after 10 to 11 days of the indoor temperature of the bee-receiving chamber being 22 to 28 ℃ and the humidity being 60 to 80 percent.
(9) Inoculating and breeding the apis dichotoma: uniformly placing the host plant with the 2-3-year whitefly nymphs in the step (6) in a parasitic wasp inoculation chamber, and enabling the parasitic wasps with emergence time within 24 hours in the steps (7) and (8) to be as follows: male =2:1 pre-evolutionary population mixing, and letting the aphidius gifuensis to freely mate for 24-48 hours. Then, according to the weight ratio of the bemisia tabaci: parasitic wasps =20:1 the aphidius gifuensis is inoculated into the leaf cage, the two-spotted englerie parasitizes the bemisia tabaci nymphs, and the parasitic wasps are removed after 4-5 days. The indoor temperature and humidity for bee inoculation and breeding are 22-28 ℃ and 60-80%.
(10) Bemisia tabaci-Bluenza apis separating chamber
After about 10 days, the bemisia tabaci which had not been parasitized by the aphidius bayanus bimaculatus had emerged as an adult, leaving a false pupa shell. At the moment, the plant can be moved to a bemisia tabaci-brevicauna bibane separation chamber, host plant leaves can be picked, a bee box is manufactured after drying in the shade, or a pupa card of the bemisia tabaci brevicauna is manufactured after being washed off by water and is stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 8-10 ℃.
Claims (2)
1. A large-scale propagation method of Encarsia bimaculata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, host plant planting: planting different kinds of host plants required for growth and breeding of whiteflies in a host plant planting room;
s2, whitefly inoculation: respectively putting different kinds of host plants with good growth vigor S1 into insect rearing cages of a whitefly inoculation chamber, inoculating whiteflies in the egg laying prime period to the host plants through leaf cages, controlling the number of adult whitefly leaves of each host plant to be 80-100, breeding and laying eggs for 24 hours, then removing all adult whiteflies, and controlling the temperature of the whitefly inoculation chamber to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80%;
s3, whitefly breeding: transferring the host plant inoculated with the whitefly eggs in the S2 to a whitefly breeding room, and uniformly placing the host plant to ensure that the whitefly eggs are hatched and developed; if the host plant has residual whitefly imagoes, the host plant can be fumigated for 4 hours by using a dichlorvos paper strip to kill the residual whitefly imagoes; controlling the temperature of the whitefly breeding chamber to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80%, and inoculating the two-spotted Encarsia formosa when the number of the whitefly nymphs on the back of the leaves grows to 2-3 years;
s4, breeding female bees of the Encarsia bimaculata Okino: transferring a host plant with 2-3-year-old whitefly nymphs in S3 to a two-spotted Encarsia aphidicola inoculation chamber, and according to the ratio of bees: whitefly 1:20, inoculating the female bee of the Encarsia bimaculata after mating, removing the female bee of the Encarsia bimaculata after 2-3 days, inoculating the breeding room of the Encarsia bimaculata, wherein the temperature is 22-28 ℃, the humidity is 60-80%, and the female pupa of the Encarsia bimaculata can be obtained after 10-11 days;
s5, breeding drone of the Ozuki aphides: transferring the host plant with the 3 rd-age whitefly nymphs parasitized by the small empire aphides in the S4 to a small empire aphides inoculation breeding room, counting the number of the parasitized whitefly nymphs, and calculating the number of the parasitized whitefly nymphs according to the number of the parasitized whitefly nymphs: bayberry aphidiidae =5:1, the latter is inoculated in the ratio of 1, so that the later parasitizes the whitefly nymph parasitized before, and the drone of the yellow aphid is obtained according to the mode; controlling the indoor temperature and humidity of the inoculation breeding room of the Encarsia bimaculatus to be 22-28 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80%, and obtaining the drone pupa of the Encarsia bimaculatus after 10-11 days;
s6, inoculating and breeding the apis dichotoma: uniformly placing host plants with 2-3-year-old whitefly nymphs in S3 in an Encarsia bimaculata inoculation breeding room, and mixing parasitic wasps with emergence time within 24 hours in S4 and S5 according to the ratio of female: male =2:1, pre-mixing populations, and enabling the Encarsia bimaculata to freely mate for 24-48 hours; then, according to the weight ratio of whiteflies: parasitic wasp =20:1, inoculating the Amyda bimaculata to a leaf cage, enabling the Amyda bimaculata to parasitize whitefly nymphs, and removing the parasitized bees 4-5 days later; controlling the indoor temperature and humidity of the indoor temperature of 22-28 ℃ and humidity of 60-80% for inoculating and breeding the apis dichotoma;
s7, a whitefly-two-spotted Encarsia aphidicola separating chamber: after 8-12 days, occasionally whiteflies which are not parasitized by the Onychidae aphidicollis have eclosion into imagoes, pseudo pupa shells are left, then the plants can be moved to a whitefly-Onychidae separation chamber, host plant leaves can be picked, bee boxes are manufactured after drying in the shade, or the plants are washed off by water to be manufactured into Onychidae pupa cards, and the pupa cards are stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 8-10 ℃;
the Encarsia bimaculatus is in a parthenogenesis female sterile and amphoteric female-producing reproduction mode, and male bees are obtained by parasitizing the same species or the same genus of the same species of Encarsia bimaculatus;
the host plants are at least two of tobacco, cotton, cabbage mustard and poinsettia;
more than 8 true leaves of the tobacco, more than 6 true leaves of the cotton, more than 6 true leaves of the cabbage and more than 6 true leaves of the poinsettia are cut off old leaves and sprayed with dichlorvos to kill insects for one month for later use;
the method comprises the following steps that five greenhouses, namely a host plant planting room, a whitefly inoculation room, a whitefly breeding room, a two-spotted Encarsia chalcid inoculation breeding room and a whitefly-two-spotted Encarsia chalcid separation room, are independently separated and do not interfere with each other, and indoor conditions are controlled to be 22-28 ℃, humidity is 60-80%, and illumination brightness L: d =14: 10.
2. the breeding method of Encarsia bimaculatus according to claim 1, wherein said host plants of S1 are all cultivated in a pot; the distance interval between each potted plant in the host plant planting room, the whitefly inoculation room, the whitefly breeding room and the two-spotted englerie wasp inoculation breeding room is 20-30 cm.
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| KR101288523B1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-07-22 | 대한민국 | Mass rearing of Geocoris pallidipennis |
| NL1039058C2 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Koppert Bv | Phytoseiid predatory mite releasing system and method for production. |
| CN107396891A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-28 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method that constant low temperature stores the pale yellow female pupa of grace aphid chalcid fly |
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