CN113198010A - 一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗,所述口服活疫苗包括有通过柔性linker序列将具有免疫佐剂活性的大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位的突变体LTB26和新型冠状病毒‑2019的受体结合单位RBD连接,再通过转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207进行融合表达,得到的LTB26‑RBD融合蛋白,即构建得到新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗;其中,所述LTB26的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,所述RBD的DNA列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,所述柔性肽linker的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,所述LTB26‑RBD融合蛋白的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗及其制备方法。
背景技术
自2019年12月全球出现不明原因肺炎(后定义为新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称为“新冠肺炎”)以来,截止目前,全球已在200多个国家出现感染六千九百多万的病例,死亡人数达一百五十多万例,引起全球大流行,严重危害人类的生命健康。而罪魁祸首就是新型冠状病毒-2019(简称nCOVID-19或者SARS-COV-2)。
冠状病毒属(Coronavirus)是具有包膜的正链RNA病毒,属于套式病毒目,目前有2个亚科,5个属,27个亚属,39种病毒。SARS相关冠状病毒是其中之一。冠状病毒粒子的直径约60-220nm。nCOVID-19具有包膜结构,上面有三种蛋白:刺突糖蛋白(spike protein,S)、小包膜糖蛋白(E)和膜糖蛋白(M),其中的S蛋白在识别并结合宿主细胞表面受体,并介导病毒包膜与细胞膜融合的过程中起到关键性作用,是疫苗研发的重要抗原。目前紧急使用和即将结束三期临床试验的58种新冠疫苗,除了灭活疫苗外,都是将完整的nCOVID-19的S蛋白基因克隆到病毒载体(腺病毒载体、疱疹病毒载体、流感病毒载体等)或者制作成mRNA疫苗等注射疫苗,大多数不能诱发粘膜免疫。
nCOVID-19是通过呼吸道粘膜感染的,发病部位也主要是急性呼吸系统病变,因此,开发粘膜免疫疫苗具有潜在的应用价值。
nCOVID-19的S蛋白是由两个亚基(S1和S2)组成, S1主要包含有受体结合区(RBD),负责识别细胞膜上的受体ACE2。S2含有膜融合过程所需的基本元件。其中的S1蛋白的RBD承担病毒与宿主细胞膜受体识别和结合功能,一旦识别失败或结合受阻,则病毒无法进入细胞,感染失败。因此,RBD是宿主中和抗体的重要作用位点以及疫苗设计的关键靶点之一。
大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素(LT)蛋白属于A-B型细菌蛋白毒素家族,由一个毒性A亚单位(LTA)和五个聚集成环的B亚单位(LTB)组成,其中LTB可与细胞表面GM1和TLR2受体结合,具有粘膜免疫佐剂活性。LTB26是一种突变型LTB,有报道将LTB26与VP8联用,可大幅度提高机体对VP8的免疫反应强度。
减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是最早被用来开发亚单位活疫苗的细菌载体,构建载的载体活疫苗免疫动物后,疫苗株可通过粘附和侵袭,定居在肠道相关的淋巴组织中以及肝脏、脾脏等部位,表达目标抗原蛋白或者释放质粒,使后者在肌体细胞内表达目标蛋白抗原(即DNA疫苗),而且表达的抗原蛋白与自然感染的细胞产生的抗原一样,并可诱导机体产生保护性的体液免疫、细胞免疫和粘膜免疫。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗,所述口服活疫苗包括有通过柔性linker序列将具有免疫佐剂活性的大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位的突变体LTB26和新型冠状病毒-2019的受体结合单位RBD连接,再通过转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207进行融合表达,得到的LTB26-RBD融合蛋白,即构建得到新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗;
其中,所述LTB26的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,所述RBD的DNA列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,所述柔性肽linker的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,所述LTB26-RBD融合蛋白的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
进一步,具体步骤如下:
1)化学合成:将编码LTB26的基因和密码子优化设计的RBD的基因通过柔性linker序列连接,得到LTB26-RBD融合基因;
2)重组质粒:将步骤1)中的LTB26-RBD融合基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)的多克隆位点,得到pcDNA3.1(+)-LTB26-RBD重组质粒;
3)新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗:将步骤2)中的pcDNA3.1(+)-LTB26-RBD重组质粒通过转化到减毒鼠沙门氏菌SL7207中融合表达,得到LTB26-RBD融合蛋白,最终构建得到重组减毒鼠沙门氏菌,即新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗。
进一步,所述多克隆位点包括有KpnI位点、NotI位点。
进一步,步骤3)中所述LTB26-RBD融合蛋白经过LTB26的自组装形成LTB26RBD五聚体。
进一步,所述LTB26的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,所述RBD的DNA列如SEQ IDNO.2所示,所述柔性肽linker的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,所述LTB26-RBD融合蛋白的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
进一步,所述的一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗在制备预防新型冠状病毒疫苗中的应用。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明具有如下的优点:
1、本发明将LTB26与RBD进行融合表达设计,形成具有体液和粘膜免疫佐剂活性的LTB26-RBD融合蛋白,转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207直接制备疫苗,接种后在被其侵袭的细胞内释放pcDNA3.1-LTB26RBD质粒,并表达后自组装成五聚体蛋白质,用于预防nCOVID-19的感染;
2、本发明在LTB26-RBD融合蛋白多肽自组装形成LTB26-RBD五聚体,使得在LTB26活性分子中RBD的活性分子的数量增加五倍,增加了抗原含量,同时在LTB26佐剂的作用下,增强了免疫原性,意味着接种剂量可以比单独表达RBD的重组菌更低,显而易见其安全性和可耐受性更好;
3、本发明的通过减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为运载工具,可以直接将疫苗口服后产生体液和粘膜免疫,避免接触活病毒,极大地增强了生产的安全性;
4、本发明的产品是口服活菌,免除了后续的裂解、纯化等工作,生产车间的洁净度也只要求与口服制剂的标准一致即可,降低和节约生产成本、简化疫苗的生产流程,经济效益显著,且不需要额外添加免疫佐剂,而且还可以冻干储存和运输,对冷链的要求没有现有疫苗苛刻,大众可及性好;
5、本发明的产品经口服接种,重组菌在肠道主要被粘膜上皮的微皱褶细胞(M细胞)摄入,然后随游走的吞噬细胞被带到机体的其它部位如脾脏、肝脏等细胞中溶解并释放出重组质粒pcDNA-LTB26RBD,在巨细胞病毒启动子的驱动下,利用肌体细胞的各种原料正确表达出nCOVID-19病毒感染一样的具有天然结构和功能的融合蛋白质,但没有nCOVID-19病毒的致病性,有较好的安全性。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书和权利要求书来实现和获得。
附图说明
本发明的附图说明如下:
图1是本发明LTB26-RBD融合基因电泳检测结果;
图2是本发明新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的免疫活性检测结果;
图3是本发明新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗不同免疫剂量口服免疫的B细胞分化结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实验材料和试剂:
pcDNA3.1(+)质粒和减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207由申请者保存;
真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-LTB26RBD、 pcDNA3.1(+)-RBD由某生物技术公司合成和构建;
E.coli TOP10、T4连接酶、Taq普通酶、BamHⅠ、Not I、蛋白质Marker、DNA Marker、Plasmid Mini kit I、胶回收试剂盒、IPTG、氨苄青霉素等试剂购自商业公司。
实施例1:新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的制备
1目的基因的合成与载体构建
1.1目的基因:
通过化学合成,将编码LTB26的DNA序列(SEQ ID NO.1)和RBD 的DNA序列(SEQ IDNO.2)通过linker(SEQ ID NO.3)序列连接成LTB26-RBD融合基因(SEQ ID NO.4),再将LTB26-RBD融合基因连接到大肠杆菌克隆载体pUC57上,转化大肠杆菌TOP10后得到pUC57-LTB26-RBD重组质粒,挑取单克隆,通过测序验证获得了正确的LTB26-RBD融合基因(SEQ IDNO.4),结果如图1所示。
1.2构建pcDNA3.1-LTB26-RBD重组质粒
将上述pUC57-LTB26-RBD重组质粒与pcDNA3.1(+)质粒用BamHⅠ和Not I酶切,纯化目的片段,T4 DNA连接酶连接过夜,然后与大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞混合,冰上放置30min,42℃热休克90s,立即冰浴2min,得到转化菌液,取50μl转化菌液混匀后均匀涂布于LA(含100 μg/mL Amp的LB培养基)培养板,在恒温培养箱中37℃倒置培养过夜,在LA培养板上挑选大小适中的菌落,通过菌落PCR初步筛选阳性克隆,经测序鉴定正确的质粒即为pcDNA3.1-LTB26RBD重组质粒。
2重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的构建
2.1减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌电转化感受态制备
将减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207的单克隆接种于LB培养基,37℃ 250 r/min摇床培养12 h,将该菌液按1:100的接种量转接至新鲜的LB培养基,在37℃摇床中继续培养,转速为200r/min,用分光光度计进行实时检测,当菌液OD600 值达到0.6-0. 8(细菌对数生长期)时通过离心收集细菌。然后用10%甘油洗涤3-4次,离心后按照10:1的比例浓缩菌液,即得电转化感受态细胞,按照120微升/管分装,-80度冰箱保存。
2.2减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌电转化
取5µl上述pcDNA3.1-LTB26RBD重组质粒与100µL的SL7207电转化感受态混合,冰上放置15-20 min,置于0.1cm电转化杯中,2.5KV点击1次,取菌液装入干净EP管中,冰上放置5-10 min,再转入预冷的LB培养基复苏1-2h,然后离心浓缩到100µl左右,取10-50µl 涂布LA(Amp 100µg/ml)平板。置于37℃培养过夜,挑取单克隆酶切鉴定。测序正确的单克隆便是重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(pcDNA3.1-LTB26RBD),即新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗。
实施例2:新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的免疫活性
1 实验材料
实施例1中所制备的新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的免疫活性、BALB/c小鼠、饱和碳酸氢钠、PBS。
2 实验方法
2.1在重庆医科大学动物试验中心购买BALB/c小鼠20只(雄性),随机分为4组,每组5只。
2.2先给小鼠灌胃0.2ml饱和碳酸氢钠中和胃酸,再将0.2ml实施例1制备的新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗分别按照低剂量1.24×107CFU/ml、3倍剂量3.72×107CFU/ml分别实施灌胃免疫;PBS处理组作为对照。
2.3初次免疫后的第10日进行上述2.2步骤中相同的剂量第二次加强免疫,第20日进行第三次加强免疫,每次加强免疫前先要采集血液样本,-80℃保存备用。第27日采集第三次加强免疫后的血液标本,并将全部实验动物麻醉处死,-80℃保存备用。
2.4用ELISA检测采集的所有血液标本中抗RBD的特异性IgG抗体。
3、实验结果
如图2所示,图中1、2、3分别是指口服本发明新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗免疫后第10日、第20日、第27日采集的免疫血清的抗RBD抗体滴度,con是未免疫的正常小鼠血清,即对照组,与对照组相比,第一次接种免疫第10日即可检测到较高滴度的特异性抗病毒RBD蛋白的抗体,且加强免疫后抗体滴度更高,即表明本发明新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗免疫的动物的血清中检测到高水平RBD特异性抗体;
如图3所示,与对照组相比,有显著的免疫激活作用,在一定的范围内,CD19+ B细胞没有呈现出剂量依赖性活性增加,而CD45+ B细胞呈剂量依赖型,口服新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗后即可诱导高水平的B细胞(抗体产生)的激活;
综上,本发明新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗产生高水平特异性抗体,证明该方法制备的产品可行高效。
本发明的所使用的pcDNA3.1(+)和减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207是初选的表达系统,通过将pcDNA3.1(+)和减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207载体更换为其它原核和真核表达载体等模式表达LTB26-RBD五聚体,无论其形式是纯化蛋白、灭活菌、活菌或者是活病毒等形式,仍然改变不了本发明的本质,属于本发明的常规替换形式。
通过将本发明所述的LTB26亚单位更换为其它细菌等AB5模式毒素的B5亚单位,仍然改变不了本发明的本质,属于本发明的常规替换形式。
最后用说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实验而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行同等替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、同等替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 重庆医科大学
<120> 一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗及其制备方法
<130> 2020
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 291
<212> DNA
<213> LTB26 DNA序列(LTB26 DNA sequence)
<400> 1
atgtcgaact ccaccataaa taacacacaa atatatacga taaatgacaa gatactatca 60
tatacggaat cgatggcagg caaaagagaa atggttatca ttacatttaa gagcggcgca 120
acatttcagg tcgaagtccc gggcagtcaa catatagact cccaaaaaaa agccattgaa 180
aggatgaagg acacattaag aatcacatat ctgaccgaga ccaaaattga taaattatgt 240
gtatggaata ataaaacccc caattcaatt gcggcaatca gtatggaaaa c 291
<210> 2
<211> 807
<212> DNA
<213> RBD DNA序列(RBD DNA sequence)
<400> 2
tgcaccctga agagctttac cgtggaaaaa ggcatttatc agaccagcaa ctttcgcgtg 60
cagccgaccg aaagcattgt gcgctttccg aacattacca acctgtgccc gtttggcgaa 120
gtgtttaacg cgacccgctt tgcgagcgtg tatgcgtgga atcgcaaacg cattagcaac 180
tgcgtggcgg attatagcgt gctgtataac agcgcgagct ttagcacctt taaatgctat 240
ggcgtgagcc cgaccaaact gaacgatctg tgctttacca acgtgtatgc ggatagcttt 300
gtgattcgcg gcgatgaagt gcgccagatt gcgccgggcc aaaccggtaa aattgcggat 360
tataactata agctgccgga cgactttacc ggctgcgtga ttgcgtggaa cagcaacaac 420
ctggatagca aagtgggcgg caactataac tatctgtatc gcctgtttcg caaaagcaac 480
ctgaaaccgt ttgaacgcga tattagcacc gaaatttatc aggcgggcag caccccgtgc 540
aacggcgttg aaggttttaa ttgctatttt ccgctgcaga gctatggctt tcagccgacc 600
aacggcgtgg gctatcaacc gtatcgtgtg gtggttttat cgtttgaact gctgcatgcg 660
ccgggcggcg gtggtagcgg tcatattgat agccaaaaaa aagcgggcag cggcagcggc 720
tcgagccaca ttgatagcgg caaaaaagcg ccgggcggcg gcggtagcca tattgatagc 780
caaaaaaaag gcgtgagctt taagctt 807
<210> 3
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> linker DNA序列(linker DNA sequence)
<400> 3
tcctccggat cc 12
<210> 4
<211> 1110
<212> DNA
<213> LTB26-RBD DNA序列(LTB26-RBD DNA sequence)
<400> 4
atgtcgaact ccaccataaa taacacacaa atatatacga taaatgacaa gatactatca 60
tatacggaat cgatggcagg caaaagagaa atggttatca ttacatttaa gagcggcgca 120
acatttcagg tcgaagtccc gggcagtcaa catatagact cccaaaaaaa agccattgaa 180
aggatgaagg acacattaag aatcacatat ctgaccgaga ccaaaattga taaattatgt 240
gtatggaata ataaaacccc caattcaatt gcggcaatca gtatggaaaa ctcctccgga 300
tcctgcaccc tgaagagctt taccgtggaa aaaggcattt atcagaccag caactttcgc 360
gtgcagccga ccgaaagcat tgtgcgcttt ccgaacatta ccaacctgtg cccgtttggc 420
gaagtgttta acgcgacccg ctttgcgagc gtgtatgcgt ggaatcgcaa acgcattagc 480
aactgcgtgg cggattatag cgtgctgtat aacagcgcga gctttagcac ctttaaatgc 540
tatggcgtga gcccgaccaa actgaacgat ctgtgcttta ccaacgtgta tgcggatagc 600
tttgtgattc gcggcgatga agtgcgccag attgcgccgg gccaaaccgg taaaattgcg 660
gattataact ataagctgcc ggacgacttt accggctgcg tgattgcgtg gaacagcaac 720
aacctggata gcaaagtggg cggcaactat aactatctgt atcgcctgtt tcgcaaaagc 780
aacctgaaac cgtttgaacg cgatattagc accgaaattt atcaggcggg cagcaccccg 840
tgcaacggcg ttgaaggttt taattgctat tttccgctgc agagctatgg ctttcagccg 900
accaacggcg tgggctatca accgtatcgt gtggtggttt tatcgtttga actgctgcat 960
gcgccgggcg gcggtggtag cggtcatatt gatagccaaa aaaaagcggg cagcggcagc 1020
ggctcgagcc acattgatag cggcaaaaaa gcgccgggcg gcggcggtag ccatattgat 1080
agccaaaaaa aaggcgtgag ctttaagctt 1110
Claims (6)
1.一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗,其特征在于,所述口服活疫苗包括有通过柔性linker序列将具有免疫佐剂活性的大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位的突变体LTB26和新型冠状病毒-2019的受体结合单位RBD连接,再通过转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207进行融合表达,得到的LTB26-RBD融合蛋白,即构建得到新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗;
其中,所述LTB26的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,所述RBD的DNA列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,所述柔性肽linker的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,所述LTB26-RBD融合蛋白的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)化学合成:将编码LTB26的基因和密码子优化设计的RBD的基因通过柔性linker序列连接,得到LTB26-RBD融合基因;
2)重组质粒:将步骤1)中的LTB26-RBD融合基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)的多克隆位点,得到pcDNA3.1(+)-LTB26-RBD重组质粒;
3)新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗:将步骤2)中的pcDNA3.1(+)-LTB26-RBD重组质粒通过转化到减毒鼠沙门氏菌SL7207中融合表达,得到LTB26-RBD融合蛋白,最终构建得到重组减毒鼠沙门氏菌,即新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述多克隆位点包括有KpnI位点、NotI位点。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述LTB26-RBD融合蛋白经过LTB26的自组装形成LTB26RBD五聚体。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于,所述LTB26的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,所述RBD的DNA列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,所述柔性肽linker的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,所述LTB26-RBD融合蛋白的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的一种新型冠状病毒口服活疫苗在制备预防新型冠状病毒疫苗中的应用。
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WO2022034221A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg | Salmonella vaccine for the treatment of coronavirus |
TWI816232B (zh) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-09-21 | 國立清華大學 | 新型冠狀病毒黏膜疫苗組合物及其製備方法與用途 |
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CN117187301A (zh) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-08 | 迪福润丝(合肥)生物科技有限公司 | 一种含黏膜佐剂相关基因的重组ndv载体及相应的疫苗株和疫苗 |
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