CN113179906A - High-survival-rate transplanting method for big pecan trees - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for transplanting large pecans, which comprises the following steps of: (1) digging planting holes, (2) hole soil treatment, (3) hole soil backfilling, (4) treatment of tree seedlings before transplantation, (5) treatment of soil before transplantation, (6) digging seedlings, (7) field planting, and (8) maintenance after transplantation. The transplanting method ensures that the soil balls at the roots of the transplanted seedlings of the pecan trees are not easy to loosen and fall off, the binding force between the soil balls and the roots of the seedlings is increased, the soil balls are not loosened to influence the root activity of the seedlings even under the long-distance transportation condition, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garden planting, and particularly relates to a high-survival-rate transplanting technology for pecan trees.
Background
Pecan is the fruit of pecan, also known as pecan, and has rich nutritive value, contains more protein and unsaturated fatty acid essential for human nutrition, and these components are important substances for brain tissue cell metabolism, and can nourish brain cells and enhance brain function. In addition, the pecan has the functions of preventing arteriosclerosis and reducing cholesterol; can also be used for treating non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; has analgesic, erythrocyte increasing, and hepatoprotective effects for cancer patients. A large amount of vitamin E contained in the pecan has the effects of moistening skin and blackening beard and hair after being eaten frequently; the trace elements of zinc and manganese contained in the beverage are important components of pituitary, are beneficial to the nutrition supplement of the brain when being eaten frequently, and have the effects of strengthening the brain and improving intelligence.
Since the pecans have excellent edible value, many snack enterprises develop the pecans into various foods and sell the foods all over the country in recent years, and therefore, the demand of the pecans is remarkably improved. Correspondingly, the planting scale and the planting range of the pecan trees are necessarily enlarged, so that new higher requirements are put forward on the pecan planting technology and the pecan tree seedling transplanting technology. At present, the pecan seedlings are mainly produced in Tianmu mountain of Jiangsu and Zhejiang in China, the pecan trees need more water for growth, and the growing soil is preferably gravelly loam formed by weathering loose limestone rich in humus. Firstly, as the growth soil quality of the pecan seedlings is loose, soil balls attached to the roots of the seedlings are easy to loose when the transplanted seedlings are dug, and the soil balls are easy to fall off in later-stage seedling transportation, so that the roots of the seedlings are exposed, and the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings is influenced; in addition, because the water demand of the pecan trees is high, the water storage capacity of loose growing soil is weak, if the transplanted seedlings need to be transported for a long distance, the vitality of the seedlings is often reduced due to water shortage in the transportation process, and the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings is also influenced. Therefore, the transplanting survival rate of the pecan trees can be effectively improved only by solving the problems that soil balls at the roots of the transplanted seedlings are loose and easy to fall off and the seedlings store water and retain water.
At present, the research results of the pecan tree transplanting technology are few, many farmers who participate in the pecan transplanting work by experience, the transplanting survival rate is uneven, for experienced teachers, the transplanting survival rate can reach 85-90%, and the inexperienced apprentices transplanting survival rate is 20-40%. Patent documents CN201711347708.4 and CN201711342567.7 disclose methods for planting and cultivating pecans, and do not relate to improvement of pecan transplanting technology.
Regarding the transplanting technology of trees, patent document CN201610213363.2 discloses a transplanting method of fruit trees, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting fruit trees; (2) the root of the fruit tree: digging soil about 1 m around the tree head, reserving 30-40 cm of partial roots, reserving 20-30 cm of main roots, transplanting with soil balls, wrapping the roots with a breathable film, and filling ecological fertilizer in the breathable film; (3) carrying fruit trees: placing the fruit trees in a flower disc, a pit or an empty groove, stacking crop straws covering the root parts of the seedling of the fruit trees, and watering the crop straws at regular intervals; (4) and (5) transplanting.
Patent document cn201610891289.x discloses a transplanting method for accelerating transplanting of sweet osmanthus to smoothly recover tree vigor, which comprises the following steps: before the sweet osmanthus tree is transplanted, loosening the soil, irrigating root fixing liquid, after 15 days, transplanting the sweet osmanthus tree, digging planting holes in a transplanting ground, vertically burying cylindrical guide pipes in the ridging process, and injecting relaxing liquid into the cylindrical guide pipes every 2 days. The survival rate of the transplanted osmanthus fragrans trees is extremely high, the tree vigor can be quickly recovered after the osmanthus fragrans trees are transplanted, the osmanthus fragrans trees can bloom in the next year after the flowering phase, and the osmanthus fragrans trees can bloom in the current year after the transplantation in the forward flowering phase.
Patent document cn201510471289.x discloses a high-survival-rate transplanting technology for osmanthus fragrans trees, which belongs to the technical field of garden planting and comprises the steps of (1) selection of transplanted osmanthus fragrans, (2) treatment before transplanting, (3) seedling digging, (4) seedling root treatment, (5) planting hole digging, (6) hoisting, transporting, (7) field planting and (8) maintenance. In the process of treating the seedling roots, a three-level nursing mode of rooting powder, a callus film coating agent and a composite conditioning solution is adopted, so that the root development is protected, and the root germination is promoted; when digging planting holes, a mode of applying fertilizer at intervals at the bottom is adopted to ensure the fertilizer requirement in the growth process of the osmanthus fragrans, and meanwhile, the planting holes are carefully nursed to ensure the growth adaptability of the osmanthus fragrans trees.
In conclusion, there are few references to the petroot fruit tree transplanting technology, but other tree species, such as osmanthus fragrans trees, cannot be completely moved for the transplanting of the petroot fruit trees due to the habit and growth environment of the petroot fruit trees. In order to solve the practical problems and make up the blank of the prior art, the invention provides the method for transplanting the pecan trees, which mainly solves the problems that soil balls at the roots of transplanted pecan tree seedlings are loose and easy to fall off and the seedlings store water, so that the pecan seedlings do not influence the activity of the seedlings even under the condition of long-distance transportation, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-survival-rate transplanting method for big pecan trees, which is characterized in that soil cohesiveness treatment is carried out on soil before transplanting seedlings, so that the soil has better cohesiveness to the roots of the seedlings, soil balls of the seedlings to be transplanted are not easy to loosen and fall off, and the roots of the seedlings are better protected; in addition, the water retention capacity of the seedling soil ball is increased, and the seedling does not lose water even in long-distance transportation, so that the transplanting survival rate of the seedling is higher.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for transplanting a big pecan tree, which comprises the following steps according to implementation time: (1) digging planting holes, (2) hole soil treatment, (3) hole soil backfilling, (4) treatment of tree seedlings before transplantation, (5) treatment of soil before transplantation, (6) digging seedlings, (7) field planting, and (8) maintenance after transplantation.
And the digging of the planting holes comprises the step of digging the planting holes according to the square specification of the size of the soil balls, wherein the depth is 1.5-2 times of the height of the soil balls, and the time for digging the planting holes is 28-30 days before transplanting.
The hole soil treatment comprises the steps of spreading dug hole soil flatly, airing and sterilizing, and when the hole soil is in a light-kneaded and scattered state, uniformly mixing a part of hole soil and the EM microbial inoculum according to the volume ratio of 100:0.01-1 to form EM microbial inoculum composite soil; and uniformly mixing the other part of hole soil and the organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 100:0.1-2 to form the organic fertilizer composite soil.
Preferably, the EM microbial inoculum is diluted by deionized water to form viable count of 1 multiplied by 106-5×106The cfu/mL bacterial liquid is sprinkled in the sunned hole soil.
The hole soil backfilling comprises the steps of firstly placing a layer of straw or rice husk at the bottom of a planting hole, paving a layer of organic fertilizer composite soil on the planting hole, paving a layer of EM microbial inoculum composite soil on the planting hole, well backfilling, watering the planting hole, and watering the planting hole until the planting hole is in a water seepage state.
The organic fertilizer is a crop growth fertilizer commonly used by technicians in the field, and the variety of the organic fertilizer is not limited, and in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer which is purchased from agriculture science and technology limited in the morning and is specially used for cultivating saplings.
The pre-transplanting sapling treatment comprises the following steps: removing the head of the central branch on the premise of ensuring the completeness of the crown skeleton of the transplanted seedling, cutting off all thick branches with the top end exceeding 2 centimeters or retracting and trimming, reserving short branches, and cutting off weak branches and residual branches.
Preferably, the treatment of the tree seedlings before transplantation is carried out 10-15 days before transplantation, and the transplantation time is 12 months from the beginning to 3 months in the next year.
Preferably, the transplanted seedlings are pecan trees with the age of more than 4-5 years, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have plump buds.
More preferably, the pre-transplant seedling treatment further comprises smearing a degerming gel liquid on the cut wound of the transplanted seedling.
The degerming gel liquid comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of chitosan, 10-15 parts of hyaluronic acid, 1-2 parts of lime sulfur crystal, 2-4 parts of calcium lactate and 15-20 parts of deionized water.
The preparation method of the degerming gel liquid comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving the lime sulfur crystal and the calcium lactate with a small amount of deionized water respectively for later use; (2) mixing chitosan and hyaluronic acid, adding deionized water, and rapidly stirring to form transparent viscous liquid; (3) adding the lime sulfur mixture crystal and the calcium lactate solution into the viscous solution, and fully stirring to obtain the degerming gel solution.
Preferably, the degerming gel liquid needs to be prepared immediately, and is prevented from being placed in the environment for a long time.
The soil treatment before transplanting comprises the following steps: watering the roots of the pecan seedlings 5-6 days before transplanting to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 30-35%, and sprinkling a soil treatment solution to the roots of the pecan seedlings 1-2 days before transplanting, wherein the distance range is that the trunk is taken as the center and the diameter of the trunk is 9-12 times.
The soil treatment solution comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 8-15 parts of clay, 0.1-1 part of NaCl, 0.1-1 part of KCl, 2-4 parts of hyaluronic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 1-8 parts of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles and 40-50 parts of water.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the hyaluronic acid is selected from 600-800kDa, and the particle size of the clay is 10-50 μm.
The preparation method of the soil treatment liquid comprises the following steps: (1) mixing NaCl, KCl, clay, hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate and polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles according to a proportion to form mixed powder for later use; (2) and (2) adding the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a certain volume of water, fully stirring, and suspending the precipitate in the solution before use.
In the soil treatment fluid, clay, NaCl, KCl, clay, hyaluronic acid and sodium alginate can increase the cohesive force of soil, so that soil balls formed during seedling digging are more compact than original soil and are not easy to loosen and fall off, and the hyaluronic acid also has a water retention function, so that the water volatilization rate in root soil is reduced.
In the invention, the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles can increase the cohesiveness of soil and can also be used as a pore-forming agent. At the initial stage of spraying the soil treatment liquid, the particle size of the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles is smaller and is 50-200 mu m, the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles can enter soil gaps along with water flow, and the soil viscosity is increased because the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles have viscosity and can gather loose soil, so that soil balls are not easy to loosen and fall off in the processes of digging seedlings and transporting saplings; after the seedlings are planted, the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles are degraded, so that more pores are formed in the soil after planting, the soil can absorb nutrients and water, and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings is increased.
The polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles comprise the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of gelatin, 0.1-0.3 part of polylactic acid with molecular weight of 8000, 20-25 parts of distilled water, 50 parts of liquid paraffin, 0.5 part of tween 800.2, 2-3 parts of glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution and a proper amount of 20% sodium hydroxide solution.
The preparation method of the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles comprises the following steps: (1) weighing gelatin, soaking in appropriate amount of distilled water for swelling, adding polylactic acid in water bath at 40-50 deg.C, supplementing distilled water, stirring for dissolving; (2) preparing glutaraldehyde with the concentration of 36% and isopropanol according to the volume ratio of 3:5 to obtain glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution for later use; (3) adding tween 80 into liquid paraffin, stirring, adding the gelatin solution prepared in step (1), and stirring in water bath at 40-50 deg.C for 10-20 min until the emulsion has uniform particle size; (4) stirring the emulsion obtained in the step (3) in ice bath, cooling to 0 ℃, adding 2-3mL of glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution for crosslinking under stirring, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then dropwise adding 20% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 8-9, continuing stirring for 1 hour, and standing until the prepared particles are settled; (5) and pouring out the supernatant, filtering the prepared particles, washing the particles with acetone for 3-5 times, then washing the particles with distilled water for 3-5 times, and draining to obtain the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles.
Preferably, the particle size of the particles prepared by the present invention is 50 to 100 μm.
The digging seedling is to begin digging seedlings at a distance of 4-5 times of the diameter of the trunk, the diameter of a formed soil ball is 8-9 times of the diameter of the breast height of the trunk, the depth of the soil ball is 2/3 of the diameter of the soil ball, the digging seedling gradually shrinks when reaching 3/5 of the depth of the soil ball, the soil ball is made to be apple-shaped, and the digging seedling is packed by a straw rope.
The field planting means that the saplings are placed in the field planting holes according to the height of the soil balls, 1/3 of the soil balls are exposed on the ground, soil is piled to be used as an enclosure, and the saplings are tamped.
And the post-transplantation maintenance comprises watering immediately after the field planting, watering until the water seepage state, watering for the second time at intervals of 2-3 days until the water seepage state, and watering for the rooting powder solution diluted by 500-fold and 600-fold at intervals of 2-3 days.
Preferably, the post-transplantation maintenance further comprises the steps of paving grass prevention cloth under the saplings for moisturizing, and making tree supports within 6-7 days to prevent the saplings from shaking.
The method has the advantages that the bonding degree of the soil balls of the tree seedlings to be transplanted and the tree roots is good, the soil balls of the tree seedlings are not easy to loosen and fall off in the transportation process, and the transplanting survival rate can be obviously improved on the premise of good soil ball storage quality; in addition, the soil is treated before transplanting, so that the water retention and storage capacity of the soil ball is good, the phenomena of wilting, death and the like caused by water shortage in the process from digging to planting of the tree seedling are avoided, and the transplanting of the tree seedling is facilitated; secondly, the polylactic acid/gelatin particles applied by the invention play a bonding role in the early stage and start to degrade after field planting, so that the soil for the growth of the tree seedlings has pores, the absorption of water and nutrients is facilitated, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for transplanting pecan trees
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Preparation example 1 preparation of sterilized gel solution
S1: dissolving 1.5 parts of lime sulfur mixture crystal by 2 parts of deionized water, and dissolving 3 parts of calcium lactate by 5 parts of deionized water for later use;
s2: mixing 20 parts of chitosan and 10 parts of hyaluronic acid, adding 13 parts of deionized water, and quickly stirring to form transparent viscous liquid;
s3: adding the lime sulfur mixture crystal solution and the calcium lactate solution into the viscous solution prepared in S2, and fully stirring to obtain the degerming gel solution.
Preparation example 2 preparation of polylactic acid/gelatin composite Fine particles
S1: weighing 3 parts of gelatin, soaking and expanding the gelatin in 10 parts of distilled water, heating the gelatin in a water bath to 40 ℃, stirring, adding 0.5 part of polylactic acid, supplementing the distilled water to 20 parts, continuing stirring for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
s2: preparing glutaraldehyde with the concentration of 36% and isopropanol according to the volume ratio of 3:5 to obtain glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution for later use;
s3: taking 50 parts of liquid paraffin, adding 800.3 parts of tween, fully stirring, adding the gelatin solution prepared in the step S1, continuously stirring in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 20 minutes, and observing the formed emulsion under a microscope until the particle size is uniform;
s4: stirring the emulsion obtained in the step S3 in ice bath, cooling to 0 ℃, adding 2mL of glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution for crosslinking under stirring, stirring for 15 minutes, then dropwise adding 20% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 8-9, continuing stirring for 1 hour, and standing until the prepared particles are settled;
s5: pouring out supernatant, filtering the prepared microparticles, washing with acetone for 5 times, washing with distilled water for 5 times, and draining to obtain polylactic acid/gelatin composite microparticles with particle size distribution of 50-100 μm under microscope.
Preparation example 3 preparation of soil treatment liquid
S1: uniformly mixing 0.3 part of NaCl, 0.3 part of KCl, 8 parts of clay, 3 parts of hyaluronic acid with the molecular weight of 800kDa, 1 part of sodium alginate and 4 parts of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles prepared in preparation example 2 under a drying condition for later use;
s2: the mixed powder obtained in step S1 was added to 40 parts of water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred for 5 minutes.
Preparation example 4 preparation of soil treatment liquid
S1: uniformly mixing 0.3 part of NaCl, 0.3 part of KCl, 10 parts of clay, 4 parts of hyaluronic acid with the molecular weight of 800kDa, 3 parts of sodium alginate and 5 parts of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles prepared in preparation example 2 under a drying condition for later use;
s2: the mixed powder obtained in step S1 was added to 40 parts of water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred for 5 minutes.
Preparation example 5 preparation of soil treatment liquid
S1: mixing 0.1 part of NaCl, 0.1 part of KCl, 8 parts of clay, 2 parts of hyaluronic acid with the molecular weight of 800kDa, 2 parts of sodium alginate and 8 parts of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles prepared in preparation example 2 uniformly under a drying condition for later use;
s2: the mixed powder obtained in step S1 was added to 40 parts of water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred for 5 minutes.
Preparation example 6 preparation of soil treatment liquid
S1: uniformly mixing 1 part of NaCl, 0.8 part of KCl, 15 parts of clay, 3 parts of hyaluronic acid with the molecular weight of 800kDa, 2 parts of sodium alginate and 1 part of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles prepared in preparation example 2 under a drying condition for later use;
s2: the mixed powder obtained in step S1 was added to 50 parts of water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred for 5 minutes.
Comparative preparation example 1 preparation of soil treatment liquid
The difference from preparation example 3 is that the soil treatment fluid does not contain polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles, and the soil treatment fluid comprises 0.3 part of NaCl, 0.3 part of KCl, 8 parts of clay, 3 parts of hyaluronic acid with the molecular weight of 800kDa and 1 part of sodium alginate, and is added into 40 parts of water and stirred for 5 minutes for use.
Comparative preparation example 2 preparation of soil treatment liquid
The difference from preparation example 3 is that the soil treatment fluid does not contain hyaluronic acid, and the soil treatment fluid comprises 0.3 part of NaCl, 0.3 part of KCl, 8 parts of clay, 1 part of sodium alginate and 4 parts of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles prepared in preparation example 2, and the soil treatment fluid is added into 40 parts of water and stirred for 5 minutes for use.
Example 1 method for transplanting pecan trees
S1: digging planting holes, and digging square soil holes of 0.5 m multiplied by 0.5 m according to the size of soil balls 30 days before transplanting, wherein the depth is 2 times of the height of the soil balls;
s2: hole soil treatment, namely paving dug hole soil, airing and sterilizing, spraying a bacterial solution prepared by an EM (effective microorganism) microbial inoculum on half of the hole soil when the hole soil is in a light-pinch and scattering state to form EM microbial inoculum composite soil, uniformly mixing the other half of the hole soil and an organic fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 100:1 to form organic fertilizer composite soil, wherein the bacterial solution is prepared by the EM microbial inoculum and deionized water according to a volume ratio of 50: 1;
s3: backfilling hole soil, namely firstly placing a layer of straws at the bottom of the dug planting hole, paving a layer of organic fertilizer composite soil on the dug planting hole, paving a layer of EM microbial inoculum composite soil on the dug planting hole, watering the planting hole after backfilling, and watering the planting hole until the planting hole is in a water seepage state;
s4: performing treatment on the tree seedling before transplanting, removing the head of the central branch on the premise of ensuring the integrity of the crown skeleton of the transplanted tree seedling 10 days before transplanting, shearing all thick branches with the top end exceeding 2 centimeters or retracting and trimming, reserving short branches, shearing off weak branches and residual branches, and smearing the degerming gel solution prepared in the preparation example 1 on the shearing wound;
s5: treating soil before transplanting, watering the roots of the pecan seedlings 5 days before transplanting to enable the water content of the soil to reach 35%, and spraying the soil treatment solution prepared in the preparation example 3 to the roots of the pecan seedlings 1 day before transplanting, wherein the range is that the trunk is taken as a center and the distance range of the trunk diameter is 10 times;
s6: digging seedlings, namely digging the seedlings by starting digging the seedlings at a distance of 4 times of the diameter of a trunk, wherein the diameter of a formed soil ball is 8 times of the diameter of a breast chest of the trunk, the depth of the soil ball is 2/3 of the diameter of the soil ball, gradually shrinking the seedlings when digging to 3/5 of the depth of the soil ball to enable the soil ball to be apple-shaped, and packaging the apple-shaped soil ball by using a straw rope;
s7: planting, namely putting the tree seedlings into planting holes according to the height of the soil balls to expose 1/3 of the soil balls on the ground, piling soil to form a surrounding, and tamping;
s8: and (3) maintaining after transplanting, watering immediately after planting, watering until the water is in a water seepage state, watering for the second time at intervals of 2-3 days until the water is in the water seepage state, watering for the root-growing powder solution diluted by 500 times at intervals of 2-3 days, paving grass-prevention cloth under the tree seedling for moisture preservation, and making tree support after 6-7 days to prevent the tree seedling from shaking.
Example 2 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that the soil treatment solution prepared in preparation example 4 is applied after watering the seedlings in step S5.
Example 3 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that the soil treatment solution prepared in preparation example 5 was applied after watering the seedlings in step S5.
Example 4 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that the soil treatment solution prepared in preparation example 6 is applied after watering the seedlings in step S5.
Comparative example 1 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that in step S2, the method does not perform any treatment on the soil.
Comparative example 2 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that in step S4, no care is taken for the cut wound.
Comparative example 3 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that the soil treatment liquid is not sprayed after watering the seedlings at step S5.
Comparative example 4 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that the soil treatment liquid (not containing the polylactic acid/gelatin composite fine particles) prepared in comparative preparation example 1 is applied after watering the seedlings in step S5.
Comparative example 5 method for transplanting pecan trees
The method is the same as example 1 except that the soil treatment solution (containing no hyaluronic acid) prepared in comparative preparation example 2 is applied after watering the seedlings at step S5.
Comparative example 6 method for transplanting pecan trees
S1: digging planting holes, and digging square soil holes of 0.5 m multiplied by 0.5 m according to the size of soil balls 30 days before transplanting, wherein the depth is 2 times of the height of the soil balls;
s2: watering the roots of the pecan seedlings 5 days before transplanting to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 35 percent;
s3: digging seedlings, namely digging the seedlings by starting digging the seedlings at a distance of 4 times of the diameter of a trunk, wherein the diameter of a formed soil ball is 8 times of the diameter of a breast chest of the trunk, the depth of the soil ball is 2/3 of the diameter of the soil ball, gradually shrinking the seedlings when digging to 3/5 of the depth of the soil ball to enable the soil ball to be apple-shaped, and packaging the apple-shaped soil ball by using a straw rope;
s4: planting, namely putting the tree seedlings into planting holes according to the height of the soil balls to expose 1/3 of the soil balls on the ground, piling soil to form a surrounding, and tamping;
s5: and (3) maintaining after transplanting, watering immediately after planting, watering until the water is in a water seepage state, watering for the second time at intervals of 2-3 days until the water is in the water seepage state, watering for the root-growing powder solution diluted by 500 times at intervals of 2-3 days, paving grass-prevention cloth under the tree seedling for moisture preservation, and making tree support after 6-7 days to prevent the tree seedling from shaking.
Effect example survival rate comparison of transplanting method
Test fields are established at two places 3 kilometers and 300 kilometers away from a pecan seedling planting base, the pecan seedlings are transported by an automobile after digging, the pecan seedlings are transplanted according to the methods described in the embodiments 1-4 and the comparative embodiments 1-5, each method corresponds to 20 seedlings, the survival rate and the growth condition of the seedlings are recorded 3 weeks after planting, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 survival rate of saplings from different transplanting methods
The pecan seedlings transplanted by the method in the embodiment 1-3 are 100% in survival rate in short-distance transportation or long-distance transportation, and in the method in the embodiment 4, the clay content of the soil treatment fluid is high, the polylactic acid/gelatin particle content is low, and the soil balls of the seedlings are high in cohesiveness, but the soil with high clay after planting is not beneficial to the water and nutrient absorption of the seedlings.
In the transplanting method of comparative example 1, soil in the planting holes is not compounded with the EM microbial inoculum and the organic fertilizer, so that nutrients are lost after the tree seedlings are transplanted, the tree grows badly, the leaves are not bright in color, and the number of fallen leaves is large.
In comparative example 2, the wounds of the trimmed saplings are not treated by the degerming gel liquid prepared by the method, so that the wounds are exposed, the influence on the saplings transported in a short distance is small in the view of sapling survival rate, and the survival rate of the saplings transplanted in a long distance is influenced by the direct exposure of the cut wounds due to long distance time of the saplings transported in a long distance.
Comparative example 3 does not carry out the cohesiveness processing to the sapling soil before transplanting, and as can be seen from the comparative data, when the sapling carries out long-distance transport under this state, sapling soil ball drops, and the root is exposed, and is great to the wound of sapling root, makes the sapling mortality after transplanting higher, is 3 times of short-distance transport.
The soil treatment solution in comparative example 4 does not contain polylactic acid/gelatin particles, the soil cohesiveness of the saplings is not strong in long-distance transportation, the roots are damaged to a certain extent, and the transplanting survival rate is lower than that in short-distance transportation.
The soil treatment agent in comparative example 5 does not contain hyaluronic acid, and it can be seen from the comparative data that the effect on the seedlings in short-distance transportation is not great, and 3 seedlings in long-distance transportation die, mainly because hyaluronic acid has a water retention effect and does not contain hyaluronic acid, and the root water shortage of the soil under long-time transportation conditions affects the root activity.
The transplanting method described in comparative example 6 is a common tree transplanting method, and it can be seen that the survival rate of the seedlings is not high in the method no matter the seedlings are transported in a short distance or a long distance, mainly because soil balls of the pecan seedlings are easy to loosen and fall off, roots are easy to be injured and lose water, the vitality of the seedlings is weakened, and the transplanting survival rate is affected.
In conclusion, the method for transplanting the pecan trees, provided by the invention, has the advantages of high transplanting survival rate, good nutrient and water absorption effect of the transplanted seedlings, good growth vigor of the seedlings, quick germination, full leaves and fresh green color.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A big pecan tree transplanting method comprises the following steps according to implementation time:
(1) digging and planting holes: digging the planting holes according to the square specification of the size of the soil balls, wherein the depth is 1.5-2 times of the height of the soil balls, and the time for digging the planting holes is 28-30 days before transplanting;
(2) and (3) hole soil treatment: the method comprises the steps of spreading dug hole soil, airing and sterilizing, and when the hole soil is in a state of being lightly kneaded and scattered, uniformly mixing a part of hole soil and the EM microbial inoculum according to the volume ratio of 100:0.01-1 to form EM microbial inoculum composite soil; the other part of hole soil and the organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:0.1-2 to form organic fertilizer composite soil;
(3) backfilling hole soil: firstly, placing a layer of straw or rice husk at the bottom of a planting hole, paving a layer of organic fertilizer composite soil on the planting hole, paving a layer of EM microbial inoculum composite soil on the planting hole, backfilling, watering the planting hole, and watering to a water seepage state;
(4) treating the saplings before transplanting: removing the head of the central branch on the premise of ensuring the completeness of the crown skeleton of the transplanted seedling, cutting off all thick branches with the top end exceeding 2 centimeters or retracting and trimming, reserving short branches, and cutting off weak branches and residual branches;
(5) soil treatment before transplantation: watering the roots of the pecan seedlings 5-6 days before transplanting to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 30-35%, and sprinkling a soil treatment solution to the roots of the pecan seedlings 1-2 days before transplanting, wherein the range is that the trunk is taken as the center and the diameter of the trunk is 9-12 times of the distance range;
the soil treatment solution comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 8-15 parts of clay, 0.1-1 part of NaCl, 0.1-1 part of KCl, 2-4 parts of hyaluronic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 1-8 parts of polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles and 40-50 parts of water;
the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles comprise the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of gelatin, 0.1-0.3 part of polylactic acid with molecular weight of 8000, 20-25 parts of distilled water, 50 parts of liquid paraffin, 0.5 part of tween 800.2, 2-3 parts of glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution and a proper amount of 20% sodium hydroxide solution;
(6) digging seedlings: digging seedlings from 4-5 times of the trunk diameter, forming soil balls with the diameter 8-9 times of the trunk diameter and the depth 2/3 of the soil balls, gradually contracting when digging to 3/5 of the depth of the soil balls to make the soil balls in apple shape, and packaging with straw ropes;
(7) planting: placing the saplings into the planting holes according to the height of the soil balls, exposing 1/3 of the soil balls to the ground, piling soil to form an enclosure, and tamping;
(8) and (5) maintaining after transplanting: watering immediately after planting, watering to a water seepage state, watering for the second time at intervals of 2-3 days, watering to a water seepage state, and watering the rooting powder solution diluted by 500-600 times at intervals of 2-3 days.
2. The transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanted tree seedling is a pecan tree of 4 to 5 years old or more, the processing time of the tree seedling before transplanting is 10 to 15 days before transplanting, and the transplanting time is 12 months from the beginning to the end of 3 months in the next year.
3. The transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the EM microbial inoculum is diluted with deionized water in the hole soil treatment to form bacterial liquid with viable count of 1 x 106-5 x 106cfu/mL, and the bacterial liquid is sprayed in the air-cured hole soil.
4. The method of transplanting of claim 1, wherein said pre-transplant seedling treatment further comprises applying a sterile gel solution to the cut wound of the transplanted seedling; the degerming gel liquid comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of chitosan, 10-15 parts of hyaluronic acid, 1-2 parts of lime sulfur crystal, 2-4 parts of calcium lactate and 15-20 parts of deionized water.
5. The transplanting method according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the degerming gel liquid comprises: (1) dissolving the lime sulfur crystal and the calcium lactate with a small amount of deionized water respectively for later use; (2) mixing chitosan and hyaluronic acid, adding deionized water, and rapidly stirring to form transparent viscous liquid; (3) adding the lime sulfur mixture crystal and the calcium lactate solution into the viscous solution, and fully stirring to obtain the degerming gel solution.
6. The transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the soil treatment liquid comprises: (1) mixing NaCl, KCl, clay, hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate and polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles according to a proportion to form mixed powder for later use; (2) and (2) adding the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a certain volume of water, fully stirring, and suspending the precipitate in the solution before use.
7. The transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles comprises: (1) weighing gelatin, soaking in appropriate amount of distilled water for swelling, adding polylactic acid in water bath at 40-50 deg.C, supplementing distilled water, stirring for dissolving; (2) preparing glutaraldehyde with the concentration of 36% and isopropanol according to the volume ratio of 3:5 to obtain glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution for later use; (3) adding tween 80 into liquid paraffin, stirring, adding the gelatin solution prepared in step (1), and stirring in water bath at 40-50 deg.C for 10-20 min until the emulsion has uniform particle size; (4) stirring the emulsion obtained in the step (3) in ice bath, cooling to 0 ℃, adding 2-3mL of glutaraldehyde-isopropanol mixed solution for crosslinking under stirring, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then dropwise adding 20% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 8-9, continuing stirring for 1 hour, and standing until the prepared particles are settled; (5) and pouring out the supernatant, filtering the prepared particles, washing the particles with acetone for 3-5 times, then washing the particles with distilled water for 3-5 times, and draining to obtain the polylactic acid/gelatin composite particles.
8. The transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the post-transplanting maintenance further comprises the step of paving grass cloth under the seedlings for moisturizing, and the seedlings are supported within 6-7 days to prevent the seedlings from shaking.
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