CN106856919A - A kind of low yield fruit tree press dry quick rejuvenation method for increasing - Google Patents

Abstract

Quick rejuvenation method for increasing is pressed dry the invention provides a kind of low yield fruit tree, tree structure wavelet treatment and water and fertilizer management are carried out by low yield fruit tree, realizing fruit tree next year just can form substantial amounts of middle fruit spur and flowers shape fruit branch, thorax not baldness in tree body, fruit tree is set to realize continuous high and stable yield, and tree body ventilation and penetrating light is good, pest and disease damage declines, tree vigo(u)r is strong, the excellent technique effect of fruit quality；The technology of the present invention can cause that the yield amplification of low yield fruit tree reaches 2~3 times or so.

Description

A method for rapid rejuvenation and yield increase of low-yielding fruit trees

technical field

The invention relates to a method for rapid rejuvenation and yield increase of low-yielding fruit trees.

Background technique

Mature and low-yield orchard fruit trees generally need to be transformed due to their tall and upright crowns, bare inner chambers, poor fruit quality, and low yield. The traditional low-yield orchard transformation usually adopts technologies such as dropping the head to make fun, changing heads with high-yielding, and thinning. In production, it is difficult to restore high-efficiency recovery fruit and yield when the above-mentioned traditional methods are implemented, and it takes a long time. Specifically, the traditional transformation method is to directly saw off the upper part of the main trunk, and then re-cultivate the main branches. This will not only cause a serious loss of nutrition in the tree body, but it will take more than 2-3 years to recover, which will easily cause the tree to die; It takes a long time to restore production, and it usually takes 4-5 years to gradually reach the normal level of results.

Therefore, the technology in the art needs badly a kind of low-yield fruit tree dry fast rejuvenation method for increasing production.

Contents of the invention

For the shortcoming of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-yield fruit tree dry fast rejuvenation increase production method, described fruit tree comprises sweet cherry, apple, plum, pear tree or peach tree; Described method comprises the following steps:

(1) transform the fruit tree shape, transform the fruit tree shape into a happy shape tree shape or evacuate layered shape tree shape;

The transformation method of the described happy-shaped tree shape is as follows: select 2 to 4 main branches at a trunk height of 60 to 80 centimeters to carry out the opening operation; Saw a kerf at an interval of 2 to 4 cm, and the depth of the kerf gradually decreases from bottom to top. The first kerf is as deep as 2/3 of the dry diameter, and the last kerf is as deep as 1/3 of the dry diameter. The width of the saw cut is 4-6 mm, and then the main branch is lowered so that the angle between the opening angle and the central trunk is 45-80°;

The transformation method of the evacuated layered tree shape: carry out at the appropriate position where the main branch needs to reduce the height of the crown, the first layer begins to select 3 to 4 main branches at the trunk height of 60-80 cm for opening operation, the second Select 2 to 3 main branches at a distance of 80 to 100 centimeters from the first layer to carry out the opening operation; the opening operation makes the angle between the main branch and the central trunk be 45 to 80°;

(2) carry out water and fertilizer management after transforming the fruit tree shape, and described water and fertilizer management comprises the steps:

1) Apply base fertilizer

From September to October, human and livestock manure and compound fertilizers are applied with radial furrow method or combined with deep soil plowing and inter-row ditch deep fertilization, with a furrow depth of 50-60 cm; 25 to 30 kg, 50 to 60 kg per plant in the full fruit stage; the compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements, and the application rate is: 0.25 kg per plant;

2) Apply germination fertilizer

Before flowering, apply human and livestock manure and compound fertilizer using strip or radial furrows. The amount of human and animal manure applied is: 30 kg per plant for young trees or early fruiting trees, and 50 kg per plant for trees entering the full fruit stage; The fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements. The application rate is: 0.5-1 kg for young trees or trees with early fruiting, 1-1.5 kg for trees entering the full fruit stage; spray 2%-4% once before germination Aqueous urea solution;

3) Apply strong fruit fertilizer

Topdress fruit expansion fertilizer in the fruit expansion stage, and apply 1.25 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer for each plant;

4) Apply fruit picking fertilizer

Apply decomposed human and animal manure and compound fertilizer after fruit picking, and the application rate of decomposed human and animal manure is: 20 kg per plant for young trees and early fruit trees, and 30 kg per plant for trees entering the full fruit stage; the compound fertilizer contains For nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, the application rate is: 0.25 kg for young trees and 0.75 kg for adult trees.

The method also includes pest control operations.

The pest control operations include:

1) Disinfection and pruning before planting: Soak the seedlings with 70% mancozeb 800 times solution + 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution for 4 to 12 hours before planting, and trim the large roots after washing to remove splits and damage For the broken skin part, the roots damaged by diseases and insects are cut until the fresh white stubble is exposed, and the other undamaged roots are only cut off the stubble at the tip, and then dipped in mud for planting;

2) Insect-proof and disease-resistant treatment of branches after pruning in winter: brush whitening agent on the trunk and main branches, and the whitening agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of quicklime, 25 parts of water and 1 portion of bean flour; the whole garden is sprayed with Baume 5-degree lime sulfur mixture, and the dead branches, fallen leaves, fallen fruits and weeds in the orchard are removed in time, and the diseased branches, insect branches and dead fruits that have not fallen off are cut off, and they are burned in a centralized manner; at the same time Plow the tree tray 30-40 cm deep, and expose the overwintering pests in the soil to the ground to freeze to death or be pecked by birds;

3) Anti-insect and disease-resistant treatment before flowering: Before budding in spring, remove the insect-attracting tape or grass handle tied to the trunk 20 cm above the ground, burn or bury it deeply; spray the tree body from mid-March to late March 3-5 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture or 95% engine oil emulsion 50 times and 40% DuPont Fuxing 8000 times mixture; from early April to mid-April, spray 20% acetamiprid EC 3000 times, 10% imidacloprid Wettable powder 1500 times of liquid, 10% cis-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times of liquid; meanwhile, cover the tree tray with plastic film;

4) Insect and disease resistance treatment after flowering: about 1 week after flowering, mix 800 times liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 1.8% avermectin, 1000-1500 times liquid of 1% beta-cypermethrin EC, 1200 times of boron-calcium mixed solution was sprayed once; from mid-May to mid-June, before fruit coloring, sweet and sour liquid tanks and sticky insect boards were hung in the whole garden to trap and kill adult fruit flies; solar insecticidal lamps were installed in the orchard to trap and hang Yellow board, blue board for physical control. Spray Lesben 450 times liquid on the ground or 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000-4000 times liquid or 10% cypermethrin EC 2000-4000 times liquid, shallow hoe; spray 1.3% matrine water agent 1500 times liquid on the tree every 7 days, Spray 2 times in a row; pick fruit in time to prevent overripe fruit from attracting fruit flies;

5) After fruit picking, spray fungicides and insecticides.

Preferably, in 3) of step (2), 0.3-0.5% aqueous urea solution is sprayed 2-3 times before the fruit changes color.

Preferably, in 3) of step (2), 0.3% borax is also sprayed 1 to 2 times during the flowering stage.

In step (1), before the opening operation, smear the saw edge with Baume 3-degree lime sulfur mixture.

In step (1), after the opening operation, bind the kerf belt with a film, wrap the upper part of the film tightly with a rope, set up a bracket under the main branch to support the main branch, and remove the support after the wound is completely healed.

In step (1), pruning is also carried out, redundant branches are thinned and excessively long branches are retracted.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. After adopting the technology of the present invention, the fruit tree can form a large number of short and medium fruit branches and flower cluster fruit branches in the next year. Strong vigor, excellent fruit quality;

2. After the transformation of the tree body, it is convenient for the operation and management of the orchard to realize cost saving and efficiency increase; the technology of the present invention can make the low-yield and low-quality orchard quickly become a high-yield and high-effect orchard;

3. The technology of the present invention can make the yield increase of low-yield fruit trees reach about 2 to 3 times.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is not using the fruit tree before the inventive method;

Fig. 2 is the effect diagram after using the method of the present invention for two years.

detailed description

The present invention is described in detail by the following examples, it is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art according to the content of the above invention Some non-essential improvements and adjustments still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. The object of application of this technology

Low-yielding sweet cherry fruit trees: the yield per plant is 10-20 catties. The crown of the fruit tree is tall and upright, and the inner chamber is bare.

2. The technical operation method of the technology

Determine the tree shape→→select the main branch→→opening angle.

(1), the happy tree shape selects the main branch of the fruit tree, and carries out at the suitable position where the main branch needs to reduce the height of the canopy. Begin to select 2 to 4 main branches at the trunk height of 60 to 80 cm for operation.

(2), improve the evacuation layered tree shape and select the main branch of the fruit tree, and carry out at the suitable position where the main branch needs to reduce the height of the canopy. The first layer begins to select 3 to 4 main branches at the trunk height of 60 to 80 centimeters for operation. On the second layer, 2 to 3 main branches are selected at a distance of 80 to 100 cm from the first layer for operation.

(3) The time of the technical operation

Carried out during the dormant period of fruit trees. It is best to approach the germination period.

(4) Method of opening angle

1. The length of the selected main branch is about 30 to 50 cm, and the length is determined according to the diameter of the main branch. Saw a kerf at an interval of 2 to 4 cm from bottom to top. If the dry diameter is large, the saw kerf interval will be large. On the contrary, if the dry diameter is small, the saw kerf interval will be small. The depth of the saw cut gradually decreases from bottom to top, the first saw cut is as deep as 2/3 of the dry diameter, and the last saw cut is as deep as 1/3 of the dry diameter. The width of each kerf is 4-6 mm.

2. Apply Baume 3-degree lime sulfur mixture to the saw edge, and then slowly lower the main branch to a suitable opening angle. Generally, the angle between the opening angle and the central trunk is 45-80°.

3. Bind the kerf belt with a film, wrap the upper part of the film tightly with a rope, set up a bracket under the main branch to support the main branch, and remove the bracket after the wound is completely healed.

4. Carry out plastic pruning, thin out excess branches and retract excessively long branches.

Water and Fertilizer Management of Sweet Cherry

The annual frequency of fertilization for adult fruit tree sweet cherry is generally 3-4 times. The main fertilization time is divided into: autumn base fertilizer, early spring budding fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer.

(1) Apply base fertilizer in autumn

The basal fertilizer is the basic fertilizer applied during the annual growth cycle of sweet cherries. From September to October, farmyard manure is the main fertilizer. Radial furrow application or combined with deep soil plowing is used to open furrows between rows, and the depth of the furrow is 50-60 cm. Apply 25-30 kg to the young trees and the first fruiting trees, and 50-60 kg to the trees in the full fruit stage, combined with the application of appropriate amount of compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, the general plant application rate is controlled at 0.5 catty.

(2) Germination fertilizer (top dressing before flowering)

Before flowering, apply human and livestock manure (30 kg per plant for young trees and early fruiting trees, 50 kg per plant for trees entering full fruit stage) and compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. (0.5-1 kg for young trees and early-fruiting trees, 1-1.5 kg for trees entering the fruiting stage). If the technology of storing fertilizer and water in holes is used, at this time, apply quick-acting fertilizers (0.5-1 catties of urea for young trees, 0.5-1 kg of compound fertilizer, 1-1.5 kg of urea for adult trees and 1-1.5 catties of compound fertilizer) from the covering soil. Enter, and then irrigate (follow this operation after fertilization). In addition, spray 2%-4% urea water once before germination.

(3) Strong fruit fertilizer

During the fruit expansion period, the fruit expansion fertilizer was topdressed, and 2.5 jin of high K compound fertilizer was applied to each plant. 0.3-0.5% urea can be sprayed 2-3 times before the fruit turns color; 0.3% borax can be sprayed 1-2 times during the flowering period.

(4) fruit picking fertilizer

Generally, the sweet cherry fruit picking fertilizer is applied after picking the fruit, which can not only meet the nutrients required for flower differentiation at this time, but also replenish the nutrients consumed by the fruit in time. After fruit picking, use decomposed human and animal manure, apply 20 kg per plant for young trees and early fruiting trees, and 30 kg per plant for trees entering the full fruit stage, combined with compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements.

If the technology of storing fertilizer and water in holes is used, 0.5 catties of compound fertilizer can be applied to young trees, and 1.5 catties can be applied to adult trees.

Generally, pre-flowering water, hard core water, post-harvest water and frozen water are poured every year. In the hard core period (early May to mid-May), the soil field water holding capacity of 10-30 cm soil layer should not be lower than 60%. At this time, the amount of irrigation water should be large, and the amount of irrigation water should be less than 10-15 days before fruit picking. Second, prevent fruit cracking. Sweet Cherry Pest Control

The fruit development period of sweet cherry is relatively short, about 45-65 days, and the fruit development period of sweet cherry is the first half of the growing season. It has not yet entered the rainy season, and the temperature is low, so there are fewer diseases and insect pests in sweet cherry fruit. However, due to the large pith of sweet cherry branches, loose wood, and large and dense leaves, spider mites, stem-boring pests, small pear borers, moth pests, and cherry fruit flies are very prone to occur. Diseases are mainly gummosis, bacterial perforation, brown spot, brown rot and so on. The key periods for the occurrence of pests and diseases include: (1) Bud germination period: there are few diseases; the main pests are mulberry and paramecium. (2) Germination to flowering stage: diseases occur less frequently, and do not need to focus on prevention and control; insect pests mainly include Lygus japonica, apple moth, and green leafhopper. (3) After flowering to fruit maturity: diseases mainly include cherry fruit fly, brown spot hole disease, bacterial hole disease, gum flow disease; insect pests include red spider mite, small pear borer, etc. (4) After the fruit is harvested: this period is the peak period for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases are piercing disease and leaf spot disease; the pests are small green leafhopper, leaf roller moth, pear net bug and so on.

Sweet cherry year-round green prevention and control technology plan for pests and diseases

3.1 According to different planting modes, select excellent varieties and excellent rootstocks of sweet cherry that are resistant to diseases and insect pests according to local conditions. For example, for sweet cherries, you can choose Hongdeng, Pioneer, Juhong, Zaodaguo, Labins and other varieties; for rootstocks, you can choose Jirazai series, Kott and mountain cherries. Choose more than 6 large roots with a root thickness greater than 5 mm, a length of more than 20 cm, no splitting, no cracking, no shrinkage and water loss, no pests and diseases, a seedling height of 1.2-1.5 meters, and a seedling with good healing at the grafting interface.

3.2 Before planting, soak the seedlings with 70% mancozeb 800 times solution + 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution for 4-12 hours, after washing, trim the large roots, cut off the split, damaged and broken skin parts, diseases and insect pests The damaged roots are cut until fresh white stubble is exposed, and the other undamaged roots are only cut off at the apex, and then dipped in mud for planting.

3.3 After pruning in winter, brush white agent (1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of quicklime, 25 parts of water, 1 part of bean flour) on the trunk and main branches; spray the whole garden with Baume 5-degree lime sulfur mixture, and remove it in time Cut off dead branches, fallen leaves, fallen fruits, weeds, etc. in the orchard, cut off diseased branches, insect branches, and stiff fruits that have not yet fallen off, and burn them in a concentrated manner; at the same time, turn the tree tray 30-40 cm deep, and expose the overwintering diseases and insects in the soil to the frozen ground. die or be eaten by birds.

3.4 Before the germination in spring, remove the insect-attracting belts or grass handles tied to the trunk 20 cm above the ground, and burn or bury them deeply.

3.5 From mid-March to late March, the tree body is sprayed with 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur mixture or 95% engine oil emulsion 50 times and 40% DuPont Fuxing 8000 times liquid mixture.

3.6 From early April to mid-April, spray 20% acetamiprid EC 3000 times, 10% imidacloprid WP 1500 times, 10% cis-cypermethrin EC 2000 times; at the same time, cover the tree tray with plastic film.

3.7 About 1 week after flowering, mix and spray 70% mancozeb wettable powder 800 times liquid, 1.8% abamectin 1000 times liquid, 1% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable oil 1000-1500 times liquid, boron calcium treasure 1200 times liquid Apply 1 time.

3.8 From mid-May to mid-June, before fruit coloring, hang sweet and sour liquid tanks and sticky boards to trap and kill adult fruit flies; install solar insecticidal lamps to trap and hang yellow and blue boards in the orchard for physical control. Spray Lesben 450 times liquid on the ground or 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000-4000 times liquid or 10% cypermethrin EC 2000-4000 times liquid, shallow hoe; spray 1.3% matrine water agent 1500 times liquid on the tree every 7 days, Spray 2 times in a row; pick fruit in time to prevent overripe fruit from attracting fruit flies.

3. From July to November, that is, after fruit picking, spray fungicides and insecticides.

After the transformation of the invention, the yield of the low-yield sweet cherry fruit tree reaches 30-50 catties per plant.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of low-yield fruit tree is pressed dry quick rejuvenation method for increasing production, it is characterized in that, described fruit tree comprises sweet cherry, apple, plum, pear tree or peach tree; Described method comprises the steps: (1) transform the fruit tree shape, transform the fruit tree shape into a happy shape tree shape or evacuate layered shape tree shape; The transformation method of the described happy-shaped tree shape is as follows: select 2 to 4 main branches at a trunk height of 60 to 80 centimeters to carry out the opening operation; Saw a kerf at an interval of 2 to 4 cm, and the depth of the kerf gradually decreases from bottom to top. The first kerf is as deep as 2/3 of the dry diameter, and the last kerf is as deep as 1/3 of the dry diameter. The width of the saw cut is 4-6 mm, and then the main branch is lowered so that the angle between the opening angle and the central trunk is 45-80°; The transformation method of the evacuated layered tree shape: carry out at the appropriate position where the main branch needs to reduce the height of the crown, the first layer begins to select 3 to 4 main branches at the trunk height of 60-80 cm for opening operation, the second Select 2 to 3 main branches at a distance of 80 to 100 centimeters from the first layer to carry out the opening operation; the opening operation makes the angle between the main branch and the central trunk be 45 to 80°; (2) carry out water and fertilizer management after transforming the fruit tree shape, and described water and fertilizer management comprises the steps: 1) Apply base fertilizer From September to October, human and livestock manure and compound fertilizers are applied with radial furrow method or combined with deep soil plowing and inter-row ditch deep fertilization, with a furrow depth of 50-60 cm; 25 to 30 kg, 50 to 60 kg per plant in the full fruit stage; the compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements, and the application rate is: 0.25 kg per plant; 2) Apply germination fertilizer Before flowering, apply human and livestock manure and compound fertilizer using strip or radial furrows. The amount of human and animal manure applied is: 30 kg per plant for young trees or early fruiting trees, and 50 kg per plant for trees entering the full fruit stage; The fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements. The application rate is: 0.5-1 kg for young trees or trees with early fruiting, 1-1.5 kg for trees entering the full fruit stage; spray 2%-4% once before germination Aqueous urea solution; 3) Apply strong fruit fertilizer Topdress fruit expansion fertilizer in the fruit expansion stage, and apply 1.25 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer for each plant; 4) Apply fruit picking fertilizer Apply decomposed human and animal manure and compound fertilizer after fruit picking, and the application rate of decomposed human and animal manure is: 20 kg per plant for young trees and early fruit trees, and 30 kg per plant for trees entering the full fruit stage; the compound fertilizer contains For nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, the application rate is: 0.25 kg for young trees and 0.75 kg for adult trees. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising pest control operations. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pest control operation comprises: 1) Disinfection and pruning before planting: Soak the seedlings with 70% mancozeb 800 times solution + 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution for 4 to 12 hours before planting, and trim the large roots after washing to remove splits and damage For the broken skin part, the roots damaged by diseases and insects are cut until the fresh white stubble is exposed, and the other undamaged roots are only cut off the stubble at the tip, and then dipped in mud for planting; 2) Insect-proof and disease-resistant treatment of branches after pruning in winter: brush whitening agent on the trunk and main branches, and the whitening agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of quicklime, 25 parts of water and 1 portion of bean flour; the whole garden is sprayed with Baume 5-degree lime sulfur mixture, and the dead branches, fallen leaves, fallen fruits and weeds in the orchard are removed in time, and the diseased branches, insect branches and dead fruits that have not fallen off are cut off, and they are burned in a centralized manner; at the same time Plow the tree tray 30-40 cm deep, and expose the overwintering pests in the soil to the ground to freeze to death or be pecked by birds; 3) Anti-insect and disease-resistant treatment before flowering: Before budding in spring, remove the insect-attracting tape or grass handle tied to the trunk 20 cm above the ground, burn or bury it deeply; spray the tree body from mid-March to late March 3-5 Baume degree lime sulfur mixture or 95% engine oil emulsion 50 times and 40% DuPont Fuxing 8000 times mixture; from early April to mid-April, spray 20% acetamiprid EC 3000 times, 10% imidacloprid Wettable powder 1500 times of liquid, 10% cis-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times of liquid; meanwhile, cover the tree tray with plastic film; 4) Insect and disease resistance treatment after flowering: about 1 week after flowering, mix 800 times liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times liquid of 1.8% avermectin, 1000-1500 times liquid of 1% beta-cypermethrin EC, 1200 times of boron-calcium mixed solution was sprayed once; from mid-May to mid-June, before fruit coloring, sweet and sour liquid tanks and sticky insect boards were hung in the whole garden to trap and kill adult fruit flies; solar insecticidal lamps were installed in the orchard to trap and hang Yellow board, blue board for physical control. Spray Lesben 450 times liquid on the ground or 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000-4000 times liquid or 10% cypermethrin EC 2000-4000 times liquid, shallow hoe; spray 1.3% matrine water agent 1500 times liquid on the tree every 7 days, Spray 2 times in a row; pick fruit in time to prevent overripe fruit from attracting fruit flies; 5) After fruit picking, spray fungicides and insecticides. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in 3) of step (2), the 0.3-0.5% aqueous urea solution is sprayed 2 to 3 times before the fruit turns color. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in 3) of step (2), 0.3% borax is also sprayed 1 to 2 times during the flowering stage. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), before the opening operation, the saw kerf is smeared with Baume 3-degree lime sulfur mixture. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), after the opening operation, bind the kerf belt with a film, wrap the upper section of the film tightly with a rope, set up a support under the main branch, Support the main branch, and the support can be removed after the wound is completely healed. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), trimming is also carried out, redundant branches are thinned and excessively long branches are retracted.