CN113117752B - 一种铁基光催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种铁基光催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明涉及光催化技术领域,尤其涉及一种铁基光催化剂的制备方法及应用,制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)将有机配体加入到有机溶剂中,得有机配体溶液;(2)在有机配体溶液中加入铁盐,得反应液;(3)将反应液进行溶剂热反应得粗产物,洗涤,干燥后,得铁基光催化剂。本发明通过负载特定的有机配体,扩大铁基催化剂的光响应范围,使其能被可见光激发,实现可见光催化降解染料废水,制备方法简单,条件易于控制,易于产业化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化技术领域,尤其涉及一种铁基光催化剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着工业的快速发展,印染废水的排放越来越多,给环境带来的很多污染,严重影响生态环境。现有的印染废水的处理工艺存在着能耗高,周期长,处理效果不佳等问题,亟需一种绿色环保的高效处理法。
光催化还原反应可以直接利用洁净、无价、永恒的太阳能,其体系简便易控,因此正成为人们研究的一个重要方向。为提高光催化效率,人们一直致力于寻找高催化活性和高选择性的光催化剂。
铁元素来源丰富、廉价且无毒,铁基光催化剂具有较窄的禁带宽度,相比于其他金属具有更好的光吸收与激发特性。中国专利文献上公开了“一种铁基光催化剂及其降解罗丹明B的应用”,其申请公布号为CN109794293A,该发明的铁基光催化剂由有机胺配体和金属铁盐配合而成,通过负载合适的配体扩大了铁基催化剂的光响应范围,使其能被可见光激发,实现可见光下罗丹明B的降解。但是,该铁基催化剂的制备过程比较复杂,依赖于表面活性剂来调控,且应用的染料范围较窄。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述现有技术中存在的问题,提供了一种具有可见光催化性能的铁基光催化剂的制备方法,该方法操作简单,条件易于控制,易于产业化。
本发明还提供了一种由上述方法制得的铁基光催化剂在在可见光催化降解染料废水中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种铁基光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在氩气气氛中将有机配体(ligand C)加入到有机溶剂中,得有机配体溶液;该步骤在氩气气氛中进行,是为了保护配体,防止配体与空气接触变质;
(2)在有机配体溶液中加入铁盐,得反应液;
(3)将反应液进行溶剂热反应得粗产物,洗涤,干燥后,得铁基光催化剂;
步骤(1)中,所述有机配体(ligand C)的结构式为:
本发明通过负载特定的有机配体(ligand C),扩大了铁基催化剂的光响应范围,使其能被可见光激发,实现可见光下染料的高效降解。具体的机理为:负载了上述有机配体的催化剂颗粒在受到可见光激发后,产生电子空穴对,而氮杂环卡宾配体中的孤对电子可以快速地和空穴复合,降低光生电子空穴对的复合几率,从而提高光生电子的利用率,提高光催化效率。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂由体积比为1:1的N-N二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和乙醇组成。上述有机溶剂组合具有易溶解铁盐和配体,促进结晶的效果。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,所述铁盐选自氧化铁、氧化铁的水合物、硫酸铁和硫酸铁的水合物中的一种。三价的铁盐易氧化形成氧化铁。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,溶剂热反应的温度为180~220℃,反应时间为10~16h。溶剂热反应温度过低或过高均会导致结晶失败。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,所述有机配体溶液的浓度为0.1~0.4mol/L。
作为优选,所述铁盐与有机配体的摩尔比为(0.01~100):1。铁盐与有机配体的配比很关键,有机配体的负载量过大会导致溶剂热结晶失败,过小会导致催化剂失去活性。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,采用体积比为1:1的N-N二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇洗涤3~5次。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,采用真空干燥,干燥温度为80~100℃,时间为8~15h。
一种由上述制备方法制得的铁基光催化剂在降解染料废水中的应用。
作为优选,所述染料废水的浓度为10~50mg/L,所述铁基光催化剂的用量为0.8~4mg/mL。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)制备方法简单,条件易于控制,易于产业化;
(2)通过负载特定的有机配体,扩大铁基催化剂的光响应范围,使其能被可见光激发,实现可见光催化降解染料废水。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制得的铁基光催化剂的红外光谱图。
图2是实施例1制得的铁基光催化剂对不同染料废水的可见光催化降解曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
有机配体(ligand C)的合成方法如下:
原料一的合成:芳氧基联双(咪唑)二溴化物的合成:将1-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)咪唑烷(12.44g,54.04mmol),2,6-双(溴甲基)苯酚(7.60g,27.02mmol)在60mL THF(60mL)中混合,在80℃的氮气中搅拌12小时。反应混合物冷却至室温后,对悬浮液进行过滤,去除滤液。将固体残余物真空干燥,得到白色粉末状的芳氧基联双(咪唑)二溴化物(10.80g,54%)。Mp:288℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):=1.22-1.26(m,24H,CH3),2.85(sept,4H,J=5.8Hz,CH(CH3)2),4.10-4.14(m,4H,NCH2),4.22-4.27(m,4H,NCH2),5.39(s,4H,ArCH2),6.90(t,1H,J=7.5Hz,ArH),7.20(d,4H,J=10.0Hz,ArH),7.40(t,2H,J=7.5Hz,ArH),7.59(d,2H,J=10.0Hz,ArH),9.02(s,1H,OH),9.39(s,2H,NCHN);13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3):=24.20,25.31,28.88,48.25,49.02,53.49,122.35,123.08,125.02,129.93,131.24,132.95,146.66,154.82,158.26;C38H52N4OBr2的元素含量分析(%)(740.67):C,61.62;H,7.08;N,7.56;实验分析:C,61.8;H,6.78;N,6.86。
有机配体(ligand C)的合成:在室温下在氮气下将原料一(2.90g,3.91mmol)和双(三甲基硅基)胺基锂(2.62g,15.67mmol)在THF(50mL)中混合搅拌3小时。旋转蒸发去除反应液,并将固体残余物用己烷(50mL)洗涤,在真空下干燥,得到为白色粉末,即为有机配体(ligand C)(2.42g,82%)。Mp:323℃(dec).1H NMR(500MHz,C6D6)=0.07(s,18H,SiCH3),0.91(d,6H,J=6.5Hz,CH3),1.12(t,12H,J=7.5Hz,CH3),1.41(d,6H,J=6.5Hz,CH3),2.60-2.62(m,2H,ArCH),2.88-2.92(m,2H,NCH2),3.03-3.07(m,2H,NCH2),3.14(q,2H,J=11.5Hz,NCH2),3.34(q,2H,J=11.1Hz,NCH2),3.55(d,2H,J=13.5Hz,ArCH2),5.46(d,2H,J=14.0Hz,ArCH2),6.59(t,1H,J=7.3Hz,ArH),7.00-7.15(m,8H,ArH);13C NMR(126MHz,C6D6)=5.57,23.32,24.41,25.17,25.72,28.45,28.57,48.91,51.44,53.40,111.03,124.02,124.44,125.60,127.96,128.35,128.82,130.91,137.92,146.70,147.38,166.68。
有机配体(ligand C)的结构式为:
实施例1
(1)在氩气手套箱内,将3mmol的有机配体ligand C放入含有DMF和EtOH(V:V=1:1)的10mL混合溶液中,搅拌20min后,得有机配体溶液;
(2)在有机配体溶液中加入3mol FeCl3,再搅拌20min,得反应液;
(3)将反应液转移到含氟乙烯的不锈钢高压釜中,放入200℃的烘箱中,加热15h后冷却至室温,过滤所得混合物,固体分别用7mL DMF和7mL EtOH洗涤4次;将固体在85℃真空烘箱中干燥10h,得铁基光催化剂。
该实施例制得的铁基光催化剂的红外光谱图如图1所示,从图1中明显可以看出C=O、C=C、N-CH3、C-H键所对应的特征峰,说明有机配体成功地负载与在铁基光催化剂上。
采用该实施例制得的铁基光催化剂在可见光的照射下(光源为Newport 3A级太阳光模拟器)分别降解罗丹明B水溶液、刚果红和甲基蓝水溶液。各染料体积5ml,浓度10mg/L,铁基光催化剂的用量10mg,可见光催化降解曲线图如图2所示。
从图2可以看出,60min后对罗丹明B水溶液、刚果红和甲基蓝水溶液的降解率分别为99.8%,99.9%,99.3%。
实施例2
(1)在氩气手套箱内,将1mmol的有机配体ligand C放入含有DMF和EtOH(V:V=1:1)的10mL混合溶液中,搅拌10min后,得有机配体溶液;
(2)在有机配体溶液中加入4mol FeCl3,再搅拌30min,得反应液;
(3)将反应液转移到含氟乙烯的不锈钢高压釜中,放入180℃的烘箱中,加热16h后冷却至室温,过滤所得混合物,固体分别用5mL DMF和5mL EtOH洗涤5次;将固体在100℃真空烘箱中干燥8h,得铁基光催化剂。
采用该实施例制得的铁基光催化剂在可见光的照射下(光源为Newport 3A级太阳光模拟器)降解罗丹明B水溶液、刚果红和甲基蓝水溶液。各染料体积5ml,浓度10mg/L,铁基光催化剂的用量10mg,60min后对罗丹明B水溶液、刚果红和甲基蓝水溶液的降解率分别为99.1%,99.2%,99.5%。
实施例3
(1)在氩气手套箱内,将4mmol的有机配体ligand C放入含有DMF和EtOH(V:V=1:1)的10mL混合溶液中,搅拌10~30min后,得有机配体溶液;
(2)在有机配体溶液中加入1mol FeCl3,再搅拌10min,得反应液;
(3)将反应液转移到含氟乙烯的不锈钢高压釜中,放入220℃的烘箱中,加热10h后冷却至室温,过滤所得混合物,固体分别用10mL DMF和10mL EtOH洗涤3次;将固体在100℃真空烘箱中干燥8h,得铁基光催化剂。
采用该实施例制得的铁基光催化剂在可见光的照射下(光源为Newport 3A级太阳光模拟器)降解罗丹明B水溶液、刚果红和甲基蓝水溶液。各染料体积5ml,浓度10mg/L,铁基光催化剂的用量10mg,60min后对罗丹明B水溶液、刚果红和甲基蓝水溶液的降解率分别为100%,99.2%,99.5%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂由体积比为1:1的N-N二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述铁盐选自氧化铁、氧化铁的水合物、硫酸铁和硫酸铁的水合物中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述有机配体溶液的浓度为0.1~0.4mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,采用体积比为1:1的N-N二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇洗涤3~5次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,采用真空干燥,干燥温度为80~100℃,时间为8~15h。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的制备方法制得的铁基光催化剂在可见光催化降解染料废水中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述染料废水的浓度为10~50mg/L,所述铁基光催化剂的用量为0.8~4mg/mL。
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