CN113101932A - 微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微波‑紫外光催化剂的制备方法及应用,属于光催化剂技术领域,微波‑紫外光催化剂的制备步骤为:二氧化钛制备‑Co3O4的制备‑TiO2和Co3O4混合涂覆到Ni网上,得到负载型Co3O4‑TiO2催化剂;将负载型Co3O4‑TiO2催化剂应用于有机物污染处理中,在微波‑紫外光辐射下用于有机污染物的降解。利用本发明制备的催化剂在微波辐射下会产生热点效应,催化剂表面热点的实际温度要远高于表观温度,对催化反应有极大的促进作用;在微波及紫外光辐射下能将有机物(VOCs)有效转化无机矿化分子,彻底降解VOCs。本发明制备工艺简单,对微波及紫外光都有优异的敏感性,在微波‑紫外场中催化效率较高,有利于降解有机污染物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
TiO2作为最常见的紫外催化剂,具有较好的催化效率和稳定性。但是,纯TiO2光带隙窄(Eg = 3.2 eV),光生电子-空穴分离效率低,同时纯TiO2仅对紫外光较为敏感,对于其它波长可见光及微波敏感性较差,限制了其在微波场中的应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法及应用,制备工艺简单,对微波及紫外光都有优异的敏感性,同时在微波场中的催化效率较高。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法,制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)TiO2制备:将钛酸四丁酯和氨水按照8-10:1-3的质量体积比混合搅拌均匀得到钛酸四丁酯的氨水溶液,质量体积比的单位为g/ml,水浴加热至生成TiO2 晶粒;将上述混合物进行灭菌,灭菌后100-130℃干燥至恒重,然后用去离子水冲洗,在100-105℃下干燥9-12h,放入马弗炉中400-450℃热处理2-4h;
(2)Co3O4制备:将浓度为10mM硝酸钴溶液缓慢加入到浓度为12mM碳酸钠溶液中,磁力搅拌约40-60min后离心分离,去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤,干燥,在400-450℃马弗炉下煅烧2-4h;
(3)将TiO2和Co3O4调成黏糊状涂覆到Ni网,得到负载型Co3O4-TiO2催化剂。
优选的,步骤(2)中硝酸钴溶液与碳酸钠溶液的体积比为1:1-2。
优选的,步骤(1)中钛酸四丁酯浓度为2.85mol/L,氨水的浓度为9.52-11.11mol/L。
优选的,步骤(3)中TiO2和Co3O4的质量比为2-4:1-3。
优选的,步骤(1)中混合物在特氟隆灭菌容器中灭菌。
本发明还提供的微波-紫外光催化剂的应用,将微波-紫外光催化剂应用在有机物污染处理中,在微波-紫外光辐射下用于有机污染物的降解。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:与现有技术相比,本发明通过Co3O4与TiO2掺杂,可以提高单一TiO2对紫外(UV)及微波(MW)的敏感性,并在微波电磁场中可获得大量的电磁生活性氧化基,同时在电磁波辐射下,催化剂材料会产生热点效应,催化剂表面热点的实际温度要远高于表观温度,对催化反应有极大的促进作用;在微波及紫外光辐射下能将有机物(VOCs)有效转化无机矿化分子,彻底降解VOCs。本发明制备工艺简单,对微波及紫外光都有优异的敏感性,在微波-紫外场中催化效率较高,有利于降解有机污染物。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
目前,TiO2光催化性能的提高成为研究热点,鉴于TiO2的禁带宽度大、导带位置低,利用半导体金属氧化物修饰表面,将它与禁带宽度小、导带位置高的半导体复合时,光生电子会迅速注入TiO2的导带,有利于光生电子和空穴的分离与转移,提高量子效率。而在半导体金属氧化物中,Co3O4呈尖晶石立方结构的混合氧化态,对微波等电磁波具有较好的敏感性,是一种良好的复合材料,同时在光催化过程中,Co3O4具有2.1 eV的窄带隙和优异的氧化能力,可通过电荷的分离和传输与TiO2组成掺杂催化剂,提高光催化活性。
以下为三个具体实施例:
实施例1:(1)TiO2制备:将钛酸四丁酯和氨水按照8:1的质量体积比混合搅拌,质量体积比的单位为g/ml,水浴加热至结晶完全。钛酸四丁酯在氨水体系中的水解产物Ti(OH)4,随着反应温度的升高,脱水缩合成钛酸聚集体,得到的聚集体生成生长基元,随着浓度的变化,在过饱和环境下生长基元进而成核,即在水浴加热环境下水热反应生成TiO2。
其中,钛酸四丁酯浓度为2.85mol/L,氨水的浓度为9.52mol/L。
将上述混合物移至特氟隆灭菌容器中进行灭菌,灭菌后100℃干燥至恒重,然后用去离子水冲洗,在100℃下干燥9h,放入马弗炉中400℃热处理3h。
(2)Co3O4制备:将浓度为10mM硝酸钴溶液缓慢加入到浓度为12mM碳酸钠溶液中,磁力搅拌约50min后,去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤,干燥,在400℃马弗炉下煅烧2h;
其中,硝酸钴溶液与碳酸钠溶液的体积比为1:1。
(3)将TiO2和Co3O4调成黏糊状涂覆到Ni网,得到负载型Co3O4-TiO2催化剂。其中,TiO2和Co3O4的质量比为2:1。
实施例2:
(1)TiO2制备:将钛酸四丁酯和氨水按9:2的质量体积比混合搅拌,质量体积比的单位为g/ml,水浴加热至结晶完全。
其中,钛酸四丁酯浓度为2.85mol/L,氨水的浓度为10mol/L。
将上述混合物移至特氟隆灭菌容器中进行灭菌,灭菌后120℃干燥至恒重,然后用去离子水冲洗,在103℃下干燥11h,放入马弗炉中450℃热处理2h。
(2)Co3O4制备:将浓度为10mM硝酸钴溶液缓慢加入到浓度为12mM碳酸钠溶液中,磁力搅拌约40min后,去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤,干燥,在430℃马弗炉下煅烧3h;
其中,硝酸钴溶液与碳酸钠溶液的体积比为1:2。
(3)将TiO2和Co3O4调成黏糊状涂覆到Ni网,得到负载型Co3O4-TiO2催化剂。其中,TiO2和Co3O4的质量比3:2。
实施例3:
(1)TiO2制备:将钛酸四丁酯和氨水按照10:3的质量体积比混合搅拌,质量体积比的单位为g/ml,水浴加热至结晶完全。
其中,钛酸四丁酯浓度为2.85mol/L,氨水的浓度为11.11mol/L。
将上述混合物移至特氟隆灭菌容器中进行灭菌,灭菌后130℃干燥至恒重,然后用去离子水冲洗,在105℃下干燥12h,放入马弗炉中430℃热处理4h。
(2)Co3O4制备:将浓度为10mM硝酸钴溶液缓慢加入到浓度为12mM碳酸钠溶液中,磁力搅拌约60min后,去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤,干燥,在450℃马弗炉下煅烧4h;
其中,硝酸钴溶液与碳酸钠溶液的体积比为1:1。
(3)将TiO2和Co3O4调成黏糊状涂覆到Ni网,得到负载型Co3O4-TiO2催化剂。其中,TiO2和Co3O4的质量比为4:3。
其中,Ni网为由金属Ni编制成网状,具有良好的吸波性能。将TiO2和Co3O4用松油醇调成均匀的糊状,再用细毛笔涂覆到Ni网上,TiO2和Co3O4的比例课根据催化反应调整。
本发明还提供的微波-紫外光催化剂的应用,将微波-紫外光催化剂应用在有机物污染处理中,在微波-紫外光辐射下用于有机污染物的降解。
本发明制备的微波-紫外光催化剂,采用Co3O4与TiO2掺杂,可以提高单一TiO2对紫外(UV)及微波(MW)的敏感性,并在电磁场中可获得大量的电磁生活性氧化基,同时在电磁波辐射下,催化剂材料会产生热点效应,催化剂表面热点的实际温度要远高于表观温度,对催化反应有极大的促进作用;同时微波等离子体激发的紫外光能使催化剂表面产生电子-空穴对,电子-空穴对能与空气中的氧气和水反应,生成·OH、HO2·等强氧化性自由基,从而将有机物(VOCs)有效转化无机矿化分子,彻底降解VOCs。
利用本发明制备的微波-紫外光催化剂应用于有机污染物污染的土壤修复中,能够解决甲苯及持久性有机污染物污染的土壤修复周期长、成本高的技术问题。经检测,采用本发明中微波-紫外光催化剂,在微波和紫外光辐射下协同修复后的土壤中甲苯含量为23.78ppm,远低于国家规定的建设用地标准1200mg/kg及居住用地标准100mg/kg。修复后的土壤能够满足环保要求,使土地得到二次利用,能够发挥极大的经济效益,具有很大的社会效益。
在上面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受上面公开的具体实施例的限制。
Claims (6)
1.微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)TiO2制备:将钛酸四丁酯和氨水按照8-10:1-3的质量体积比混合搅拌均匀得到钛酸四丁酯的氨水溶液,质量体积比的单位为g/ml,水浴加热至生成TiO2 晶粒;将上述混合物进行灭菌,灭菌后100-130℃干燥至恒重,然后用去离子水冲洗,在100-105℃下干燥9-12h,放入马弗炉中400-450℃热处理2-4h;
(2)Co3O4制备:将浓度为10mM硝酸钴溶液缓慢加入到浓度为12mM碳酸钠溶液中,磁力搅拌约40-60min后离心分离,去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤,干燥,在400-450℃马弗炉下煅烧2-4h;
(3)将TiO2和Co3O4调成黏糊状涂覆到Ni网,得到负载型Co3O4-TiO2催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中硝酸钴溶液与碳酸钠溶液的体积比为1:1-2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中钛酸四丁酯浓度为2.85mol/L,氨水的浓度为9.52-11.11mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中TiO2和Co3O4的质量比为2-4:1-3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微波-紫外光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中混合物在特氟隆灭菌容器中灭菌。
6.用于微波-紫外光催化剂的应用,其特征在于,将权利要求1-4任一项所述微波-紫外光催化剂应用在有机物污染处理中,在微波-紫外光辐射下用于有机污染物的降解。
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