CN106268746A - 一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,按照以下重量比取各原料:六水合硝酸锌40‑60份、十二烷基硫酸钠6‑10份、尿素10‑15份、粉煤灰10‑15份、铈盐2‑3份和环糊精4‑8份。本发明具有原料来源广泛、成本低廉、制备工艺简单、生产效率高、能耗低、反应条件温和、环境友好、吸附性能好、催化活性高、催化效率高等优点,在可见光辐照下能高效催化降解废水有机污染物,具有很好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,适用于工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化材料技术领域,具体是一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂。
背景技术
21世纪以来,随着工业化步伐的提升和自然资源的过度使用,伴随着各种环境污染、能源稀缺问题不断加剧。因此,治理各种污染,寻找新能源以缓解地球的压力迫在眉睫。光催化技术已经在废水处理、气体净化、杀菌、防污、自洁材料、染料敏化太阳能电池、化妆品、气体传感器等许多领域有着广泛的应用。光催化是基于半导体材料在光激发下能够产生具有强还原性的光生电子和具有强氧化性的空穴的基本特性,固体光催化剂能吸收太阳光将水和生物质分解成氢气,也能将空气和水体环境中的有机污染物和无机污染物氧化或还原降解为无害物质。因此,具有低能耗、绿色环保的特点。
目前,国内外研究最多的半导体光催化材料主要是金属氧化物和硫化物,如Ti02,W03,ZnO,Fe203,CdS等。氧化锌(ZnO)由于成本低廉、制备方法简单、形貌易于控制、光催化性能良好等优点,在半导体光催化技术领域将具有很好的应用前景。但ZnO作为光催化剂也有自身的缺点,如Ti02的带隙较宽(Eg=3.4 eV),只能吸收紫外光,而紫外光只占太阳光能量的4%左右,对太阳光的利用率很低。同时在其使用过程中还存在光生电子—空穴对复合、光催化量子效率低等,所以极大地限制了它的广泛应用。因此,为了减少光生电子与空穴复合几率,近年来众多研究者采取了各种方法:包括贵金属沉积、非金属离子掺杂、过渡金属离子掺杂、半导体的光敏化等。纳米氧化锌其颗粒过于细微,在使用环境中易于失活和凝聚、不易沉降,导致其很难分离、回收和重复利用。为解决上述问题,增加其使用稳定性,将纳米氧化锌负载于一定载体上,如玻璃 、硅胶 、活性炭等,但这些载体存在机械强度较弱、化学稳定性和热稳定性差等局限。因此,如何提高光催化剂的光催化活性和稳定性是当今的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明针对现有光催化剂存在的问题,提供一种比表面积大、催化活性高、对光源的利用率高、催化效率高、稳定性好、环保无毒、成本低、可多次重复使用等优点的高活性光催化剂。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,按照以下重量比取各原料:六水合硝酸锌40-60份、十二烷基硫酸钠6-10份、尿素10-15份、粉煤灰10-15份、铈盐2-3份和环糊精4-8份;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将六水合硝酸锌加入超声发生器中,加入无水乙醇进行溶解,然后加入氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至12-13,在频率为40-60KHz下继续超声30-60min,得悬浊液A;
(2)将尿素加入搅拌器中,再加入适量水搅拌使其溶解,得悬浊液B;
(3)将悬浊液B倒入装有悬浊液A的超声波发生器中,再加入十二烷基硫酸钠,在频率为40-60KHz下继续超声30-60min,得混合液;
(4)将混合液、粉煤灰、铈盐和环糊精加入球磨机,再加入适量水搅拌,得糊状物;
(5)先用蒸馏水洗涤糊状物,然后将糊状物在70-90℃下微波干燥2-3h,干燥后研磨成粉末,再放入马沸炉在温度为400-500℃下焙烧4-6h,即得光催化剂。
优选的,以上所述铈盐为硫酸铈、硝酸铈或硝酸铈铵中的一种。
优选的,以上所述无水乙醇的加入量为六水合硝酸锌重量的4-6倍。
优选的,以上所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1-5mol/L。
优选的,以上步骤(4)所述搅拌是在转速为300-500r/min下搅拌30-60min。
优选的,以上所述焙烧的升温速率为5-10℃/min。
优选的,以上步骤(5)所述研磨是将物料研磨至粒径为0.5-1.0mm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点及有益效果为:
1、本发明制得的光催化剂具有较大的比表面积、良好的孔隙结构及较多的催化活性中心,提高了催化剂的吸附性能,使得光生电子和空穴能够有效的分离,进而提高催化剂的活性和效率,扩大了催化剂在可见光范围的吸收,大大提高催化剂对太阳光的利用率。
2、本发明以十二烷基硫酸钠作为分散剂,可以解决催化剂在使用环境中易于失活和凝聚、不易沉降的问题。
3、本发明以粉煤灰和环糊精作为载体,不仅能使得催化剂性能更加稳定,更容易分离、回收及多次重复利用,还能提高催化剂的吸附性能和光催化性能。
4、本发明制备的光催化剂比表面积为200-250m2/g,太阳光下1小时内对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到90%以上。
5、本发明具有原料来源广泛、成本低廉、制备工艺简单、生产效率高、能耗低、反应条件温和、环境友好、吸附性能好、催化活性高、催化效率高等优点,在可见光辐照下能高效催化降解废水有机污染物,具有很好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,更适用于工业生产。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本方案进一步说明,但不限于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,按照以下比例取各原料:六水合硝酸锌40g、十二烷基硫酸钠6g、尿素10g、粉煤灰10g、硫酸铈2g和环糊精5g;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将六水合硝酸锌加入超声发生器中,加入200mL无水乙醇进行溶解,然后加入浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至12,在频率为40KHz下继续超声60min,得悬浊液A;
(2)将尿素加入搅拌器中,再加入80mL水搅拌使其溶解,得悬浊液B;
(3)将悬浊液B倒入装有悬浊液A的超声波发生器中,再加入十二烷基硫酸钠,在频率为40KHz下继续超声60min,得混合液;
(4)将混合液、粉煤灰、硫酸铈和环糊精加入球磨机,再加入120mL水,在转速为300r/min下搅拌60min,得糊状物;
(5)先用蒸馏水洗涤糊状物,然后将糊状物在70℃下微波干燥3h,干燥后研磨成0.5mm的粉末,再放入马沸炉在温度为400℃下焙烧6h,即得光催化剂。
实施例2
一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,按照以下比例取各原料:六水合硝酸锌50g、十二烷基硫酸钠8g、尿素12g、粉煤灰12g、硝酸铈3g和环糊精7g;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将六水合硝酸锌加入超声发生器中,加入300mL无水乙醇进行溶解,然后加入浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至13,在频率为50KHz下继续超声45min,得悬浊液A;
(2)将尿素加入搅拌器中,再加入80mL水搅拌使其溶解,得悬浊液B;
(3)将悬浊液B倒入装有悬浊液A的超声波发生器中,再加入十二烷基硫酸钠,在频率为50KHz下继续超声60min,得混合液;
(4)将混合液、粉煤灰、硝酸铈和环糊精加入球磨机,再加入120mL水,在转速为400r/min下搅拌45min,得糊状物;
(5)先用蒸馏水洗涤糊状物,然后将糊状物在80℃下微波干燥2.5h,干燥后研磨成0.5mm的粉末,再放入马沸炉在温度为500℃下焙烧5h,即得光催化剂。
实施例3
一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,按照以下比例取各原料:六水合硝酸锌60g、十二烷基硫酸钠10g、尿素12g、粉煤灰15g、硝酸铈铵3g和环糊精10g;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将六水合硝酸锌加入超声发生器中,加入350mL无水乙醇进行溶解,然后加入浓度为2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至13,在频率为60KHz下继续超声30min,得悬浊液A;
(2)将尿素加入搅拌器中,再加入80mL水搅拌使其溶解,得悬浊液B;
(3)将悬浊液B倒入装有悬浊液A的超声波发生器中,再加入十二烷基硫酸钠,在频率为60KHz下继续超声30min,得混合液;
(4)将混合液、粉煤灰、硝酸铈铵和环糊精加入球磨机,再加入120mL水,在转速为500r/min下搅拌30min,得糊状物;
(5)先用蒸馏水洗涤糊状物,然后将糊状物在90℃下微波干燥2h,干燥后研磨成1.0mm的粉末,再放入马沸炉在温度为400℃下焙烧6h,即得光催化剂。
实施例4
一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,按照以下比例取各原料:六水合硝酸锌50g、十二烷基硫酸钠8g、尿素15g、粉煤灰12g、硝酸铈铵3g和环糊精8g;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将六水合硝酸锌加入超声发生器中,加入250mL无水乙醇进行溶解,然后加入浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至13,在频率为50KHz下继续超声60min,得悬浊液A;
(2)将尿素加入搅拌器中,再加入80mL水搅拌使其溶解,得悬浊液B;
(3)将悬浊液B倒入装有悬浊液A的超声波发生器中,再加入十二烷基硫酸钠,在频率为50KHz下继续超声60min,得混合液;
(4)将混合液、粉煤灰、硝酸铈铵和环糊精加入球磨机,再加入120mL水,在转速为500r/min下搅拌60min,得糊状物;
(5)先用蒸馏水洗涤糊状物,然后将糊状物在70℃下微波干燥3h,干燥后研磨成1.0mm的粉末,再放入马沸炉在温度为500℃下焙烧4h,即得光催化剂。
催化剂的光催化试验:下面将通过商用纳米氧化锌光催化剂与本发明各实施例制备的光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率进行对比,测定结果如下表所示:
将各实施例制备的光催化剂和纳米氧化锌光催化剂分别称取1g,放入1L浓度为20mg/L的亚甲基蓝模拟水样,加入石英夹层的反应器中,以500 W 氙灯作为太阳光源,在转速为500r/min下搅拌辐射1h,采用高效液相色谱法测定水样中亚甲基蓝的浓度,计算出光催化剂降解率。
由表可知,本发明各实施例所制备的光催化剂有较高的光催化活性,太阳光下对亚甲基蓝的降解率均达到90%以上,远远高于目前市售的产品,具有很好的市场前景。
以上内容不能认定本发明具体实施只局限于这些说明,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:按照以下重量比取各原料:六水合硝酸锌40-60份、十二烷基硫酸钠6-10份、尿素10-15份、粉煤灰10-15份、铈盐2-3份和环糊精4-8份;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将六水合硝酸锌加入超声发生器中,加入无水乙醇进行溶解,然后加入氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至12-13,在频率为40-60KHz下继续超声30-60min,得悬浊液A;
(2)将尿素加入搅拌器中,再加入适量水搅拌使其溶解,得悬浊液B;
(3)将悬浊液B倒入装有悬浊液A的超声波发生器中,再加入十二烷基硫酸钠,在频率为40-60KHz下继续超声30-60min,得混合液;
(4)将混合液、粉煤灰、铈盐和环糊精加入球磨机,再加入适量水搅拌,得糊状物;
(5)先用蒸馏水洗涤糊状物,然后将糊状物在70-90℃下微波干燥2-3h,干燥后研磨成粉末,再放入马沸炉在温度为400-500℃下焙烧4-6h,即得光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:所述铈盐为硫酸铈、硝酸铈或硝酸铈铵中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:所述无水乙醇的加入量为六水合硝酸锌重量的4-6倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1-5mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述搅拌是在转速为300-500r/min下搅拌30-60min。
6.根据权利要求1所述高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:所述焙烧的升温速率为5-10℃/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述高活性复合型氧化锌光催化剂,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述研磨是将物料研磨至粒径为0.5-1.0mm。
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