CN113099950A - Stropharia rugosoannulata culture material and method for cultivating stropharia rugosoannulata under forest - Google Patents
Stropharia rugosoannulata culture material and method for cultivating stropharia rugosoannulata under forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material and a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest, belonging to the field of edible fungus cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the steps of taking garden waste cinnamomum camphora branches as raw materials, carrying out detoxification treatment such as insolation, crushing, insolation again, stacking fermentation and the like, matching rice hulls, bran, reed straws and sheep manure, mixing the materials in a wet mode according to a certain proportion, mixing the materials uniformly, and stacking and fermenting the materials to obtain a stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation raw material; according to the invention, common garden waste cinnamomum camphora branches are used as edible fungus cultivation raw materials in the south of the Yangtze river, so that the garden waste is effectively utilized, the pollution of the garden waste to the ecological environment is reduced, a new raw material for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata is expanded in the south of the Yangtze river, the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation is developed under the cinnamomum camphora forest, the cool and humid natural environment under the forest is fully utilized, the idle land resources under the forest are fully utilized, the wild-like cultivation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the forest is realized, the quality of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is greatly improved, and the.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material and a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under forests.
Background
Stropharia rugosoannulata (Stropharia rugosoannulata), also called crinkled Stropharia rugosoannulata and Stropharia rugosoannulata, is one of ten mushrooms in the international mushroom trading market under the trade name of "red pine mushroom" and is one of the special varieties recommended to growing countries in recent years by the world Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The stropharia rugoso-annulata is bright in color, thick in handle, thick and fat, smooth in taste, crisp and tender, rich in nutrition and high in amino acid, protein and polysaccharide components, and researches show that the stropharia rugoso-annulata has the effects of reducing cholesterol, preventing and treating atherosclerosis, relieving mental stress, preventing coronary heart disease, resisting cancer and the like. In recent years, the cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata is rapidly promoted all over the country, and the stropharia rugoso-annulata becomes the edible fungus variety with the fastest growing planting area in recent years in China.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata strain has extremely strong vitality and anti-infectious capacity, and biomass resources such as crop straws, sawdust, branches, rice hulls, waste mushroom dregs, leaves and the like can be used as cultivation raw materials. The raw material selection of the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation generally adopts the principle of 'selecting materials on the spot according to local conditions'. Corn stalks, corn cobs, wood chips and the like are mainly selected in the north, and rice straws, rice husks, wood chips and the like are mainly selected in the south of the Yangtze river. The variety and the content of the wood chips have great effect on the yield and the quality of the stropharia rugoso-annulata. The miscellaneous wood chips in the Jiaxing area are mainly purchased from the areas such as Lin' an, Anji and Anhui in Zhejiang, and the expense of the miscellaneous wood chips accounts for more than 70 percent of the cost of the raw materials for cultivating the large spherical cap in the Jiaxing area in addition to the transportation cost. Therefore, in order to reduce the cultivation cost of stropharia rugoso-annulata and increase the economic benefits of farmers, the development of new sawdust resources with wide sources and low cost in a cultivation field is increasingly urgent.
Meanwhile, the cinnamomum camphora is a main tree species for urban greening in the south of the Yangtze river, and is also a more economic tree species for rural planting in the south of the Yangtze river, a large number of cinnamomum camphora branches are obtained by pruning the cinnamomum camphora every year, according to the statistics of garden bureau in Jiaxing city, the cinnamomum camphora branches pruned in Jiaxing area every autumn and winter at present exceed one million tons, and the cinnamomum camphora trees contain bacteriostatic and bactericidal components such as camphor and cinnamomum camphora essential oil, so that the cinnamomum camphora trees cannot be used for cultivating edible fungi such as shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, pleurotus geesteranus, agaric and. The reference of related documents does not report that the cinnamomum camphora sawdust is used for cultivating edible fungi. At present, the cinnamomum camphora branches mainly have the treatment measures of incineration treatment, crushing and returning to the field, composite floor manufacturing, beating and paper making and the like, so that the resource waste and the environmental pollution are caused. In order to realize the recycling of camphor tree branches, the camphor tree branches are subjected to the treatment means of insolation, crushing, re-insolation, stacking fermentation and the like to remove the bactericidal and bacteriostatic components such as camphor tree camphor, essential oil and the like, and the camphor tree branches are mixed with rice hulls, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime to be used as the cultivation raw materials of stropharia rugoso-annulata, so that the cultivation raw materials are widened for the cultivation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata in Jiaxing areas and even south China.
At present, the cultivation mode of stropharia rugoso-annulata mainly comprises four cultivation modes, namely open cultivation, under-forest cultivation, greenhouse cultivation and greenhouse shelf cultivation, wherein the under-forest cultivation can fully utilize the idle land resources under the forest, fully utilize the advantages of shading, sufficient scattered light, proper temperature and humidity and the like, the resources under the forest in the south of the Yangtze river are extremely rich, the camphor tree forest is visible everywhere and is more widely distributed in rural areas, and a unique cultivation condition is provided for the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivated under the forest. Therefore, how to reasonably utilize the camphor wood chips which are not beneficial to cultivating strains to ensure that the camphor wood chips are suitable for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to utilize garden waste, namely cinnamomum camphora branches to replace other sawdust and cultivate the stropharia rugoso-annulata through detoxification treatment, thereby not only effectively utilizing the garden waste, but also reducing the pollution of the garden waste to the environment on the one hand, and also reducing the production cost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata on the other hand, and developing the cultivation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the forest by combining the cinnamomum camphora forest, not only fully utilizing the idle land resources under the forest and the dark and humid ecological environment, but also having the advantages of capability of cultivation in advance, long fruiting time, high quality of mushroom bodies, relatively simple management and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 wt% of camphor wood chips; 20-40 wt% of rice husk; 1-10 wt% of bran; reed straw 20-40 wt%; 1-10 wt% of sheep manure; 1-5 wt% of quicklime; the sum of the contents of the components is 100 percent.
The invention correspondingly provides a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest, which adopts the culture material and comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting garden waste cinnamomum camphora branches, stacking the branches in the sun, exposing the branches in the sun for a certain time, crushing saw dust with the length and width of 2-5cm by using a large crusher, and exposing the obtained saw dust in the sun for a certain time for later use; s102: selecting camphor wood chips obtained in S101 as main raw materials, combining rice hulls, bran, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime according to a certain proportion to form a stropharia rugosoannulata culture material, mixing the wet culture material with water, controlling the water content in the culture material to be about 65%, and then stacking and fermenting; s103: selecting the compost obtained in S102 after fermentation, selecting a camphor tree forest with the sun shading rate of more than 90% as a cultivation field, paving a mushroom bed between two rows of camphor trees, dibbling a layer of stropharia rugosoannulata strains according to the paving of a layer of compost, paving three layers of composts altogether, and dibbling two layers of strains; s104: measuring the temperature in the compost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata regularly, when the temperature in the compost exceeds 30 ℃, cooling by spraying water on the surface of the compost, and adjusting the humidity of the compost; s105: and (4) managing the fruiting period, controlling the relative humidity of air to be about 95%, and picking the stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting bodies in time when the length of the stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting bodies reaches 5-8 cm.
Further, the rice hulls are purchased from a local rice processing plant; drying the reed and then crushing into small sections of 2-3 cm; bran, sheep manure and quicklime are all purchased from local farming stores.
Further, in the step S101, the branches of cinnamomum camphora used come from branches of cinnamomum camphora trimmed in autumn and winter, the branches of cinnamomum camphora are stacked and naturally aired in the sun for about 4-5 months, then the aired branches of cinnamomum camphora are crushed by a large crusher, saw dust growing and having a width of 2-5cm is crushed, the saw dust is spread and then naturally aired in the sun for 2-3 months for standby, and the middle part of the wood dust is turned and stacked periodically by a forklift to ensure even airing.
Further, the step S102 includes: s1021: uniformly mixing camphor wood chips, rice hulls, bran, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime in proportion, adding water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days, and absorbing enough water; s1022: building a fermentation pile with the bottom width of 2.5m, the top width of 1.2m, the height of 1m and the proper length, and keeping for 30 hours when the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-65 ℃; when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, forming air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom by using a wood stick; s1023: turning the fermentation pair, turning the material at the position with higher temperature of the inner layer to the ground layer, and turning the material at the surface layer and the low-temperature material close to the ground to the position of the high-temperature layer; after the pile is rebuilt, air holes are formed, and when the material temperature rises to 55-60 ℃, the material temperature is kept for 24 hours; when a large amount of white high-temperature actinomycetes exist in the material, the material has no acid odor and is soft.
Further, the step S103 includes: s1031: selecting a cinnamomum camphora forest with the age of more than 10 years, wherein the sun-shading rate of the cinnamomum camphora forest in summer and autumn is required to be more than 90%, and the cinnamomum camphora forest beside which a river channel is arranged is used as a cultivation field; s1032: paving mushroom beds with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, and adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm; spreading 5-15cm thick middle layer, seeding one layer of strain, covering 2-8cm thick upper layer, and covering 1-6cm of under-forest soil on the surface of mushroom bed; s1033: and water is sprayed on the surface of the mushroom bed irregularly according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and the humidity of the compost.
Further, in the step S104, an automatic spraying system is arranged at a height of 1.5m above the compost, and spraying water is adopted to adjust the temperature and humidity of the compost.
Further, in step S1033, loose organic loam in the under-forest loam forest planted on the surface of the mushroom bed is finally covered.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the raw materials used for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the invention come from cinnamomum camphora branches trimmed in autumn and winter in south of the Yangtze river; the cinnamomum camphora is mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze river basin in China, most places such as Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong are important tree species of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical regions in China, and a large amount of cinnamomum camphora branch resources are generated by pruning the cinnamomum camphora in autumn and winter every year, the camphor tree cannot be used for cultivating edible fungi due to the camphor tree and the camphor tree essential oil, local camphor tree branches are used as raw materials according to local conditions, the camphor tree and the camphor tree essential oil are removed through links of insolation, crushing, insolation, stacking fermentation and the like, the method can be used as the raw material for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata, local garden waste is used as the raw material for cultivating, the garden waste can be recycled, the pollution of the garden waste to the ecological environment can be avoided, the culture material can be used as an organic fertilizer to be returned to the field through the biotransformation effect of the stropharia rugoso-annulata strain, and the organic matter content in the soil and the soil health are improved.
The invention relates to cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata, which mainly selects a cultivation mode under a forest; selecting a cinnamomum camphora forest with the age of more than 10 years and the sun-shading rate of more than 90% in summer and autumn in the forest land, wherein the plant spacing of the cinnamomum camphora forest is 1.5m, and the row spacing is 1.2 m; the topography is relatively high, water accumulation is not easy, and spraying is convenient when the device is close to a river channel; because the cinnamomum camphora is evergreen tall trees, the sun-shading rate is over 70 percent even in winter, and the cool and humid natural environment under the forest is very suitable for the growth of the stropharia rugosoannulata; paving mushroom beds between two rows of camphor trees, wherein the width of each mushroom bed is 80cm, the thickness of each mushroom bed is 10cm, a quincunx hole sowing method is adopted, and the hole distance is 8-10 cm; the thickness of the middle layer is about 10cm, a layer of strain is sowed, the thickness of the upper layer covering material is about 5cm, and finally a layer of under-forest loam of about 3cm is covered on the surface of the mushroom bed; watering the surface of the mushroom bed irregularly according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity of the compost; sowing is started in the last ten days of August, and fruiting can be realized in the fastest 50 days.
According to the invention, the cinnamomum camphora wood chips are used for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata, so that new raw materials for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata in south of the Yangtze river are expanded, the cinnamomum camphora branches are recycled, and a new under-forest economic mode is developed; compared with the traditional open cultivation and greenhouse cultivation modes, the under-forest cultivation has the advantages of being capable of cultivating in advance, fruiting in advance, prolonging the fruiting period and being high in quality, meanwhile, land resources are saved, the greenhouse construction cost is saved, and the economic benefits of farmers are further increased.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention, and all other embodiments that can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention will fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material provided by the invention mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-55 wt% of camphor wood chips, 20-40 wt% of rice hulls, 1-10 wt% of bran, 20-40 wt% of reed straws, 1-10 wt% of sheep manure and 1-5 wt% of quick lime, wherein the total content of the components is 100%, the rice hulls are purchased from local rice processing plants, the reeds are dried in the sun and then crushed into small sections of 2-3 cm, and the bran, the sheep manure and the quick lime are purchased from local agricultural stores.
Meanwhile, the method for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the forest by adopting the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting garden waste cinnamomum camphora branches, stacking the garden waste cinnamomum camphora branches under the sun for a certain time, crushing the saw dust with the growth and width of 2-5cm by using a large crusher, and exposing the obtained saw dust under the sun for a certain time for later use, wherein the used cinnamomum camphora branches come from cinnamomum camphora branches trimmed in autumn and winter, the cinnamomum camphora branches are stacked under the sun for natural airing for about 4-5 months, then crushing the aired cinnamomum camphora branches by using the large crusher, crushing the saw dust with the growth and width of 2-5cm (the size of a nail cover), continuously airing the saw dust in the sun for 2-3 months for later use after being tiled, and turning the stacks by using a forklift at regular intervals to ensure even airing.
S102: selecting camphor wood chips obtained in S101 as main raw materials, combining rice hulls, bran, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime according to a certain proportion to form a stropharia rugosoannulata culture material, mixing the culture material with water to wet, controlling the water content in the culture material to be about 65%, and then stacking and fermenting, specifically, adopting the following steps:
s1021: uniformly mixing camphor wood chips, rice hulls, bran, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime in proportion, adding water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days, and absorbing enough water;
s1022: building a fermentation pile with the bottom width of 2.5m, the top width of 1.2m, the height of 1m and the proper length, and keeping for 30 hours when the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-65 ℃; when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, forming air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom by using a wood stick;
s1023: turning the fermentation pair, turning the material at the position with higher temperature of the inner layer to the ground layer, and turning the material at the surface layer and the low-temperature material close to the ground to the position of the high-temperature layer; after the pile is rebuilt, air holes are formed, and when the material temperature rises to 55-60 ℃, the material temperature is kept for 24 hours; when a large amount of white high-temperature actinomycetes exist in the material, the material has no acid odor and is soft.
S103: selecting a culture material obtained in S102 after fermentation, selecting a camphor tree forest with a sunshade rate of more than 90% as a cultivation field, paving a mushroom bed between two rows of camphor trees, dibbling a layer of stropharia rugosoannulata strains according to the paving of the layer of culture material, paving three layers of culture materials together, dibbling two layers of strains, wherein the stropharia rugoso annulata strains are purchased from a high-temperature-resistant strain of Shandong university of agriculture, namely Shannong spherical cover No. 3, and concretely, adopting the following steps:
s1031: selecting a cinnamomum camphora forest with the age of more than 10 years, wherein the sun-shading rate of the cinnamomum camphora forest in summer and autumn is required to be more than 90%, and the cinnamomum camphora forest beside which a river channel is arranged is used as a cultivation field;
s1032: paving an 80cm wide mushroom bed with the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, and adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm; spreading 5-15cm thick middle layer, seeding one layer of strain, covering 2-8cm thick upper layer, and covering 1-6cm of under-forest loam on the surface of mushroom bed, and selecting loose organic loam from forest.
S1033: and water is sprayed on the surface of the mushroom bed irregularly according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and the humidity of the compost.
S104: measuring the internal temperature of the compost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata regularly, installing an automatic spraying system at a height of 1.5m above the compost, adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the compost by spraying water, and when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 30 ℃, cooling by spraying water on the surface of the compost and adjusting the humidity of the compost;
s105: and (4) managing the fruiting period, controlling the relative humidity of air to be about 95%, and picking the stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting bodies in time when the length of the stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting bodies reaches 5-8 cm.
Example 1
Mixing 45 wt% of camphor wood chips, 20 wt% of rice hulls, 8 wt% of bran, 2 wt% of quicklime, 20 wt% of reed straws and 5 wt% of sheep manure, weighing and uniformly mixing the raw materials in the formula according to weight percentage, sprinkling water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days to absorb enough water, then building a fermentation pile with the bottom length of 2.5m, the bottom width of 1.2m and the height of 1.0m, keeping for 30 hours when the temperature in the compost reaches 60-65 ℃, using a wood bar to punch air holes from top to bottom on the surface of the compost from top to bottom when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, then starting to turn the pile, turning the compost with higher internal temperature to the ground when the pile is turned, turning the surface layer and the compost close to the ground to the internal position, punching the air holes on the top after pile is rebuilt, keeping for 24 hours when the temperature of the compost reaches 55-60 ℃, finishing fermentation when white high-temperature actinomycetes, acid-free and soft texture exist in the compost, the water content of the compost can reach about 65 percent by sprinkling water.
Paving an mushroom bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm, the paving thickness of the middle layer is about 10cm, sowing a layer of strain, the covering thickness of the upper layer is about 5cm, finally covering a layer of under-forest loam with the thickness of about 3cm on the surface of the mushroom bed, sprinkling water to the surface of the mushroom bed at irregular intervals according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity of a culture material, fruiting for 54 days, wherein the bioavailability of the culture material is 63.1%, and the fruiting amount of a first tide is 3.17kg/m2The economic benefit of the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivated in the first 3 months per square meter is 91.77 yuan. The economic benefit per mu is 18354 yuan calculated according to the culturable area of 200 square meters per mu.
Example 2
The formula for preparing the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 50 wt% of camphor wood chips, 20 wt% of rice hulls, 20 wt% of reed straws, 5 wt% of bran, 2 wt% of quick lime and 3 wt% of sheep manure, weighing the raw materials in the formula according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, spraying water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days to absorb enough water, and then building a fermentation stack with a bottom length of 2.5m, a bottom width of 1.2m and a height of 1.0m and a proper length. When the temperature in the compost reaches 60-65 ℃, keeping for 30 hours, punching air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, then starting to turn the compost, turning the compost with higher internal temperature to the ground during turning, turning the surface layer and the compost close to the ground to the internal position, punching air holes on the top after re-stacking, keeping for 24 hours when the temperature of the compost reaches 55-60 ℃, and finishing fermentation when white high-temperature actinomycetes, no acid odor and loose texture exist in the compost. The water content of the compost can reach about 65 percent by sprinkling water.
Paving an mushroom bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm, the paving thickness of a middle layer is about 10cm, sowing a layer of strain, the covering thickness of an upper layer is about 5cm, finally covering a layer of under-forest loam with the thickness of about 3cm on the surface of the mushroom bed, sprinkling water to the surface of the mushroom bed at irregular intervals according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity of a culture material, fruiting in 51 days, wherein the bioavailability of the culture material is 67.2%, and the fruiting amount of a first tide is 3.35kg/m2The economic benefit of the stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivated in the first 3 months per square meter is 95.92 yuan. The economic profit per mu is 19184 yuan calculated according to the culturable area of 200 square meters per mu.
Example 3
The formula for preparing the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 55 wt% of camphor wood chips, 20 wt% of rice hulls, 20 wt% of reed straws, 2 wt% of bran, 1 wt% of quicklime and 2 wt% of sheep manure, the raw materials in the formula are weighed according to weight percentage and uniformly mixed, water is sprayed and pre-wetted for 1-2 days to absorb enough water, then a fermentation pile with the bottom length of 2.5m, the bottom width of 1.2m and the height of 1.0m and the proper length is built, when the temperature in the compost reaches 60-65 ℃, keeping for 30 hours, forming air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, then turning over the compost, turning over the compost with higher internal temperature to the ground during turning over, turning over the surface layer and the compost close to the ground to the internal position, forming air holes at the top after re-building the compost, when the temperature of the culture material reaches 55-60 ℃, keeping for 24 hours, and finishing fermentation when the culture material has white high-temperature actinomycetes, no acid odor and soft texture. The water content of the compost can reach about 65 percent by sprinkling water.
Paving an mushroom bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm, the paving thickness of a middle layer is about 10cm, sowing a layer of strain, the covering thickness of an upper layer is about 5cm, finally covering a layer of under-forest loam with the thickness of about 3cm on the surface of the mushroom bed, sprinkling water to the surface of the mushroom bed at irregular intervals according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity of a culture material, fruiting in 55 days, wherein the bioavailability of the culture material is 64.5%, and the fruiting amount of a first tide is 3.28kg/m2The economic benefit of stropharia rugoso-annulata per square meter of cultivation area in the first 3 months is 93.21 yuan, and the economic benefit per mu is 18642 yuan calculated according to the culturable area per mu of 200 square meters.
Comparative example 1
The formula for preparing the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 50 wt% of camphor wood chips, 40 wt% of reed straws, 8 wt% of bran and 2 wt% of quick lime, the raw materials in the formula are weighed according to weight percentage and uniformly mixed, water is sprayed for prewetting for 1-2 days to absorb enough water, then a fermentation pile with the bottom length of 2.5m, the bottom width of 1.2m and the height of 1.0m is built, when the temperature in the material reaches 60-65 ℃, the fermentation pile is kept for 30 hours, the internal temperature of the culture material exceeds 65 ℃, air holes are formed in the surface of the culture material from top to bottom by using a non-stick, then turning is started, the culture material with higher internal temperature is turned to the ground when the turning is started, the surface layer and the position close to the ground are turned to the internal position, air holes are formed in the top after the re-stacking, when the temperature of the culture material reaches 55-60 ℃, the fermentation pile is kept for 24 hours, and when white high-temperature actinomycetes, acid odor-free. The water content of the compost can reach about 65 percent by sprinkling water.
Paving a mushroom bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm, the material spreading thickness of the middle layer is about 10cm, sowing a layer of strain, the material covering thickness of the upper layer is about 5cm, finally covering a layer of under-forest loam with the surface of the mushroom bed by about 3cm, and covering the under-forest loam according to the weather conditionsSpraying water to the surface of the mushroom bed to adjust the temperature and humidity of the culture material, and fruiting in 55 days, wherein the bioavailability of the culture material is 51.6%, and the first fruiting amount is 2.04kg/m2And the economic benefit of the stropharia rugoso-annulata with the cultivation area per square meter in the first 3 months is 42.88 yuan. The economic profit per mu is calculated to be 8576 yuan according to the culturable area of 200 square meters per mu.
The physical efficiencies and benefits per mu obtained from examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 biological efficiency and benefits per mu for different formulations
As can be seen from table 1, the formula and the method provided by the present invention can realize effective culture of stropharia rugoso-annulata, have good economic benefits, and example 2 has the most prominent effect.
Comparative example 2
The formula for preparing the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 50 wt% of pine branch wood dust, 20 wt% of rice hull, 20 wt% of reed straw, 5 wt% of bran, 2 wt% of quicklime and 3 wt% of sheep manure, weighing the raw materials in the formula according to weight percentage, uniformly mixing, spraying water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days to absorb enough water, and then building a fermentation stack with a bottom length of 2.5m, a bottom width of 1.2m and a height of 1.0m and a proper length. When the temperature in the compost reaches 60-65 ℃, keeping for 30 hours, punching air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, then starting to turn the compost, turning the compost with higher internal temperature to the ground during turning, turning the surface layer and the compost close to the ground to the internal position, punching air holes on the top after re-stacking, keeping for 24 hours when the temperature of the compost reaches 55-60 ℃, and finishing fermentation when white high-temperature actinomycetes, no acid odor and loose texture exist in the compost. The water content of the compost can reach about 65 percent by sprinkling water.
Paving an mushroom bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm, the paving thickness of a middle layer is about 10cm, sowing a layer of strain, the covering thickness of an upper layer is about 5cm, finally covering a layer of under-forest loam with the thickness of about 3cm on the surface of the mushroom bed, sprinkling water to the surface of the mushroom bed at irregular intervals according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity of a culture material, fruiting in 62 days, wherein the bioavailability of the culture material is 61.2%, and the fruiting amount of a first tide is 3.16kg/m2The economic benefit of stropharia rugoso-annulata per square meter of cultivation area in the first 3 months is 88.32 yuan, and the economic benefit per mu is 17664 yuan calculated according to the culturable area of 200 square meters per mu.
Comparative example 3
The formula for preparing the stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material comprises the following components: 50 wt% of grape branch wood dust, 20 wt% of rice hull, 20 wt% of reed straw, 5 wt% of bran, 2 wt% of quicklime and 3 wt% of sheep manure, weighing the raw materials in the formula according to weight percentage, uniformly mixing, spraying water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days to absorb enough water, and then building a fermentation stack with a bottom length of 2.5m, a bottom width of 1.2m and a height of 1.0m and a proper length. When the temperature in the compost reaches 60-65 ℃, keeping for 30 hours, punching air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, then starting to turn the compost, turning the compost with higher internal temperature to the ground during turning, turning the surface layer and the compost close to the ground to the internal position, punching air holes on the top after re-stacking, keeping for 24 hours when the temperature of the compost reaches 55-60 ℃, and finishing fermentation when white high-temperature actinomycetes, no acid odor and loose texture exist in the compost. The water content of the compost can reach about 65 percent by sprinkling water.
Paving an mushroom bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm, the paving thickness of a middle layer is about 10cm, sowing a layer of strain, the covering thickness of an upper layer is about 5cm, finally covering a layer of under-forest loam with the thickness of about 3cm on the surface of the mushroom bed, sprinkling water to the surface of the mushroom bed at irregular intervals according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity of a culture material, fruiting in 57 days, wherein the bioavailability of the culture material is 62.8%, and the fruiting amount of a first tide is 3.17kg/m23 months before cultivation of noodles per square meterThe economic benefit of stropharia rugoso-annulata is 90.18 yuan. The economic profit per mu is 18036 yuan calculated according to the culturable area of 200 square meters per mu.
Comparing example 2 with comparative examples 2 and 3, the data pairs are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of fruiting time, biological efficiency and yield per mu for stropharia rugoso-annulata with different wood chip formulations
As can be known from table 2, under the condition of selecting camphor wood chips as main materials, the mushroom cultivation method has more excellent mushroom cultivation benefit and economic benefit compared with the conventional pine branch wood chips and grape branch wood chips, can effectively utilize the camphor wood chips in the area where the wood chips are sufficient in raw materials, reduces the cost of introducing and transporting the wood chips, and further reduces the production cost of farmers.
The present invention describes preferred embodiments, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations of these preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The inventors envision that the variations may be used as appropriate by those skilled in the art and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Moreover, any and all possible variations of the above-described elements are encompassed by the present invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
Claims (7)
1. The stropharia rugoso-annulata culture material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
the sum of the contents of the components is 100 percent.
2. A method for cultivating Stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest by using the culture medium of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting garden waste cinnamomum camphora branches, stacking the branches in the sun, exposing the branches in the sun for a certain time, crushing saw dust with the length and width of 2-5cm by using a large crusher, and exposing the obtained saw dust in the sun for a certain time for later use;
s102: selecting camphor wood chips obtained in S101 as main raw materials, combining rice hulls, bran, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime according to a certain proportion to form a stropharia rugosoannulata culture material, mixing the wet culture material with water, controlling the water content in the culture material to be about 65%, and then stacking and fermenting;
s103: selecting the compost obtained in S102 after fermentation, selecting a camphor tree forest with the sun shading rate of more than 90% as a cultivation field, paving a mushroom bed between two rows of camphor trees, dibbling a layer of stropharia rugosoannulata strains according to the paving of a layer of compost, paving three layers of composts altogether, and dibbling two layers of strains;
s104: measuring the temperature in the compost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata regularly, when the temperature in the compost exceeds 30 ℃, cooling by spraying water on the surface of the compost, and adjusting the humidity of the compost;
s105: and (4) managing the fruiting period, controlling the relative humidity of air to be about 95%, and picking the stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting bodies in time when the length of the stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting bodies reaches 5-8 cm.
3. The culture medium according to claim 2, wherein in the step S101, the branches of cinnamomum camphora used are from branches of cinnamomum camphora trimmed in autumn and winter, the branches of cinnamomum camphora are stacked and naturally aired in the sun for about 4-5 months, then the aired branches of cinnamomum camphora are crushed by a large crusher to obtain wood chips with a length of 2-5cm, the wood chips are spread and then naturally aired in the sun for 2-3 months for standby application, and the stacking is turned by a forklift periodically to ensure uniform airing.
4. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest according to claim 2, wherein the step S102 comprises:
s1021: uniformly mixing camphor wood chips, rice hulls, bran, reed straws, sheep manure and quick lime in proportion, adding water for pre-wetting for 1-2 days, and absorbing enough water;
s1022: building a fermentation pile with the bottom width of 2.5m, the top width of 1.2m, the height of 1m and the proper length, and keeping for 30 hours when the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-65 ℃; when the internal temperature of the compost exceeds 65 ℃, forming air holes on the surface of the compost from top to bottom by using a wood stick;
s1023: turning the fermentation pair, turning the material at the position with higher temperature of the inner layer to the ground layer, and turning the material at the surface layer and the low-temperature material close to the ground to the position of the high-temperature layer; after the pile is rebuilt, air holes are formed, and when the material temperature rises to 55-60 ℃, the material temperature is kept for 24 hours; when a large amount of white high-temperature actinomycetes exist in the material, the material has no acid odor and is soft.
5. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest according to claim 2, wherein the step S103 comprises:
s1031: selecting a cinnamomum camphora forest with the age of more than 10 years, wherein the sun-shading rate of the cinnamomum camphora forest in summer and autumn is required to be more than 90%, and the cinnamomum camphora forest beside which a river channel is arranged is used as a cultivation field;
s1032: paving mushroom beds with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10cm between two rows of camphor trees, and adopting a quincunx hole sowing method, wherein the hole distance is 8-10 cm; spreading 5-15cm thick middle layer, seeding one layer of strain, covering 2-8cm thick upper layer, and covering 1-6cm of under-forest soil on the surface of mushroom bed;
s1033: and water is sprayed on the surface of the mushroom bed irregularly according to weather conditions to adjust the temperature and the humidity of the compost.
6. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugoso-annulata under the forest according to claim 2, wherein in the step S104, an automatic spraying system is installed at a height of 1.5m above the compost, and the temperature and humidity of the compost are adjusted by spraying water.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S1033, the soil under the forest covered with the mushroom bed surface is selected from loose organic soil in the forest.
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